biomass gasification overview
DESCRIPTION
Talk held at the European Biogas Association's Conference in 2014.TRANSCRIPT
Biomass gasification overview
Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014Ilkka Hannula, Esa KurkelaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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3
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201985 2025 2030
LAHTI II, 160 MW WASTE-TO-ENERGY
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTSWITH MATERIAL RECOVERYo HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCYo RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTSWITH MATERIAL RECOVERYo HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCYo RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
LIME-KILNGASIFIERS
REPLACEMENT OFFOSSIL FUELSIN BOILERS AND KILNSo WOOD, AGROBIOMASSo 10-200 MW FUEL
BIOMASS/WASTEGASIFIERS FOR POWER
CBF/BFBGASIFICATION R&DAND PILOTING
R&D ono HOT GAS FILTRATIONo WASTE AND STRAW
GASIFICATION
R&D NEEDS 2013 - 17o FILTER ASH UTILISATIONo RECOVERY OF METALSo IMPROVED GAS CLEANING
JOUTSENO LIME KILN 2012
Biomass and waste gasification for boilers and kilns
LAHTI 60 MW
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Production of Synthesis Gas from Solid FuelsInitial step - two main approaches
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Biomass gasification for fuels and chemicals
PEAT AMMONIA PLANTOULU, FINLAND
SYNGAS R&D FOR BIOFUELSo GASIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENTo CATALYTIC REFROMINGo FINAL GAS CLEANINGo TESTING OF SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS
GASIFICATIONR&D AND PILOTINGUSA, GERMANY,SWEDEN, FINLAND
2010 2015 20201985 2005 203020001995 2025
BIO-DME PLANTPITEÅ, SWEDEN
GTI PILOT, USA
NSE BIOFUELS, FINLAND
BIO-FUELS ANDCHEMICALSo DIESEL, MeOH, DME,
SNG, H2, GASOLINEo OLEFINS, OTHER CHEMICALSo FOREST & AGRO-INDUSTRY
INTEGRATIONo INTEGRATION TO HEAT
AND POWERo INTEGRATION TO SOLAR &
WIND ENERGYo NEW WASTE-TO-FUEL
CONCEPTS
SKIVE CHP, DENMARK
CEGABTL 2015 - 2017o IMPROVED LARGE-SCALE
GASIFICATION PROCESSo NEW PROCESSES FOR SMALLER SCALEo SIMPLER, CHEAPER GAS CLEANINGo NEW CONCEPTS FOR INTEGRATED
PRODUCTION OF FUELS, POWER AND HEAT
Updated Techno-EconomicAssessment• Detailed evaluation of 20
individual plant configurations• MeOH, DME, FTL & MTG• Plant configurations technically
proven at pre-commercial scale• Impact of further R&D to the
overall economics estimated• Large scale: 300 MWth of
biomass (~1500 mtpd, dry)• Nth plant economics• Available for download:
http://bit.ly/192Vl3G
*Liquid transportation fuels via large-scale fluidised-bed gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, Hannula, Ilkka; & Kurkela, Esa 2013. VTT, Espoo. 114 p. + app. 3 p. VTT Technology: 91
• Mature technology• No investment support• No CO2 credits• No tax assumptions
Gasoline@150$/bbl
Gasoline@100$/bbl
Before taxRef.margin: 13.4$/bbl
1€ = 1.33$ (2010)
Levelised production cost estimates*300 MW biomass @ 17 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
DUAL-BED STEAM GASIFIERFeatures- No oxygen needed- Large steam consumption- Challenging to pressurise- Reactor size limited to
100MWth?
Biomass
Steam Air
Fluegas
~80 % ofcarbon to
product gasand tars
Source: Göteborg Energi
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Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
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Levelised production cost estimates100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
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Levelised production cost estimates100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factorElectricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirectproduction route(no oxygen needed)
External costs not included- pressurisation- distribution- vehicle related costs
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Take home messages
Successful biomass gasification plants built continuously since late 1970Suitable technology depends on feedstock, scale and applicationMore demanding applications require cleaner gas –> increase in CAPEXLarge CAPEX calls for large scale and high on-stream factorsWaste gasification brings down feedstock costs but puts additionalrequirements for technologyNo clear answer to “what fuel to produce”. Solution is systemic.Technology for synthetic biofuels production technically demonstratedat precommercial scale –> near-term deployment possible
TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS