Biology STAAR Review

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsCellular Processes

Transport of Molecules and Homeostasis

Types of Living Things

Living things

Prokaryotic cellsRelatively small

cells

Eukaryotic cellsRelatively large

cells

Viruses

Bacterial cells

Fungal cells

Protistan cells

Animal cells

Plant cells

??

Non-cellular

Cells

The division of living organisms into prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a fundamental classification division

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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the action of transforming sunlight energy into chemical energy. It produces:

Sugar (fuel) oxygen

Sugar

Oxygen gas

Water and nutrients

Carbon dioxide

6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OChlorophyll

Light

Sunlight

Cellular Respiration

Mitochondrial matrix

Cristae

34 ATP

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE

PHOSPHORYLATIONThe inner membrane of the

mitochondria

GLYCOLYSISThe cytoplasm

Glucose ➙Pyruvate

Electrons carried via

NADH

KREBS CYCLEMatrix of the mitochondria

Electrons carried by NADH and FADH2

Oxidative phosphorylation

2 ATP2 ATP

Mitochondrion

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Cell Membrane Structure

Osmosis

Partially permeable membrane

Water molecules Solute molecules cannot pass through the partially permeable membrane

There is a net movement of water molecules towards right until water

concentrations equalize.

Hypotonic

Loses water by osmosis

Hypertonic

Gains water by osmosis