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BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Scientific Concepts – Section 1.3 (pg. 16-21)

Read the passage below and identify the experimental components.

Chris wanted to test the effect of diet pills on how tall the tomato plants in his garden would grow, and expected that diet pills would cause the plants to grow taller. He took two pots, filled them with dirt from the same bag, and planted four tomato plants in each. He watered one planter with tap water, and he watered the other planter with tap water mixed with dissolved diet pills. The plants were in the same location to ensure they got the same amount of sunlight, and the water was measured so that each pot received the same amount of water. He measured their height at the end of each week for eight weeks, and averaged the height of the four plants in each pot. He then graphed the results to show how the diet pills affected the height of the plants.

Hypothesis

Control Group

Experimental Group

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Constant

Use the data table below to create an appropriate graph for Chris’s data

Avg. Height Week 1

Avg. Height Week 2

Avg. Height Week 3

Avg. Height Week 4

Avg. Height Week 5

Avg. Height Week 6

Avg. Height Week 7

Avg. Height Week 8

Plant A(no diet pill)

0 cm 0.2 cm 3 cm 4.5 cm 8.1 cm 15.0 cm 24.8 cm 31.6 cm

Plant B(diet pill)

0 cm 0.1 cm 1.1 cm 4.9 cm 9.0 cm 11.3 cm 14.7 cm 19.2 cm

Use the space below to write a lab conclusion. Use the data to support or refute Chris’s hypothesis.

Final Exam Study Guide 2

Ecology – Ch. 2 (pg. 32-49) & Ch. 4 (pg.90-110) & Ch. 5 (pg. 116-135)

What are biotic and abiotic factors? Define and give

examples of each.

Create a Venn diagram to compare/contrast consumers

and producers. Include the terms autotroph and

heterotroph. Provide examples of each.

What role do detritivores and decomposers have in an

ecosystem?

Explain how energy moves through food chains and where/how energy is lost.


Define biomass. What happens to the amount of biomass at each tropic level?

Label the image below to show the following:q Producersq Primary consumersq Secondary consumersq Where is the most/least biomass found?q Where is the largest/smallest population?

Define biogeochemical cycle. What are some examples of

substances that cycle through the biosphere?

Draw a diagram representing the water cycle. Include the following terms, along with a


brief explanation of each:

q Transpirationq Evaporationq Precipitationq Percolationq Runoff

What is nitrogen fixation and why is it necessary?

What are limiting factors and how do they affect population size? Provide examples in your explanation.

What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

What is carrying capacity? Give examples of things that influence an environment’s carrying capacity.


Label the lines below as representing exponential growth or logistic growth. Below each graph, briefly explain how the population is changing over time and then predict what will happen to the

populations in the future.

This graph shows the numbers of people alive within each age group in different world regions. Which region below has the highest death rate? Provide evidence to defend your answer.

Using the graph below, explain how the total red fox population has changed over time.


Define biodiversity. Why is biodiversity

important?

List and briefly explain threats to

biodiversity.

Evolution – Ch. 11 (pg. 295-303) & Ch. 15 (pg. 418-443)


What did Charles Darwin mean when he said “Those that survive are the most fit”?

Include the following terms in your explanation – be specific!

- Natural selection- Genes- Fitness- Reproduce- Variation

The four diagrams below each show a main point of Darwin’s and Wallace’s theory of evolution. Below each diagram, write the letter from the list below that best matches each diagram.

A. Living things overproduce.B. There is variation among the offspring.C. There is a struggle to survive.D. Natural selection is always taking place.


What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?

Which does natural selection influence, and why?

Provide at least two examples of adaptations that help the lizard below to survive. How do these adaptations influence the animal’s reproductive success?

What causes genetic variation within a population? (Which specific macromolecules are

involved?)

Why are small, isolated populations more drastically

affected by changes in the environment?


How can a lethal recessive disease continue in a

population if the organism does not survive to

reproductive age? Explain and draw a Punnett square to

support your answer.

To the right, explain how each of the points below could potentially help a species

survive:

- Large population

- Stable environment

- Sexual reproduction

- High mutation rate


Explain how the image below, showing antibiotic resistance,

supports the theory of evolution.

What is genetic drift?

How does genetic drift affect the diversity of small

populations?

What is the difference between natural selection and genetic

drift?

What is speciation? Define species in your answer.


Physiology – Ch. 32 (pg. 935-941) & Ch. 33 (pg. 962-969)& Ch. 34 (pg. 992-1009) & Ch. 35 (pg. 1018-1040) & Ch. 37 (pg. 1074-1099)

Create a concept map about the integumentary system in the space to the right. Include

the following:

- Four types of tissues that make up the integumentary system.

- Functions of the integumentary system.

- Effects of different types of damage to the skin.

Draw and label a neuron in the space to the right.


A stimulus, such as burning your hand, causes you to pull

your hand away quickly (reflex).

In the space to the right, draw a flowchart showing how an

impulse would travel through the three types of neurons to

cause this reflex arc.

The main function of the circulatory system is to

transport substances. List and describe these substances and

the other body systems involved.

What are hormones?


In the space to the right, create a Venn diagram comparing and

contrasting the nervous and endocrine systems.

Consider their overall purpose, structure/function, and

speed/efficiency.

Describe how the pancreas works to maintain

homeostasis in a negative feedback loop.

List and briefly describe the non-specific immunities the body has to protect itself from

pathogens.


Complete the table below:Type of Cell Function

Neutrophil

Macrophage

Lymphocyte

Below each lymphocyte, describe its function.

What are antigens and antibodies?


Describe how immunizations work to protect the body against

pathogens.

What is the difference between HIV and AIDS, and how do they both interfere with the immune

system?

Write “yes” or “no” for each question below:

Bacteria VirusesConsidered alive?

Destroyed by antibiotics?

Stimulate antibody production?

Contain DNA and/or RNA?


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