Biology Review - 1

Biomolecules

Prokaryotes (bacteria): lack a nucleus, few organelles; Eukaryotes (everything else: including plants & animals): have a nucleus & many organelles Plant cells: have a vacuole (store water), chloroplasts (carry out photosynthesis), and a cell wall made of celluloseAnimal cells: centrioles (for division), NO CELL WALL, NO CHLOROPLASTS! ALL CELLS: have a cell membrane, cytoplasm,

genetic material (DNA or RNA), and ribosomes (site of protein synthesis)

Cells

a. amino acidb. saccharidec. 3 fatty acids & glycerol d. nucleotide

a. carbohydrate

b. proteinc. lipidd. nucleic acid

a. carbohydrateb. proteinc. lipidd. nucleic acid

a. carbohydrateb. proteinc. lipidd. nucleic acid

a. enzymeb. amino acidc. nucleic acidd. carbohydrates

a. Nitrogen is a key component of all carbohydrates. b. Nitrogen is a key component of proteins. c. Nitrogen is a key component of cellulose. d. Nitrogen is a key component of lipids.

a. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)b. glucosec. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)d. hemoglobin

a. hemoglobinb. glucosec. adenosine diphosphate (ADP)d. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

a. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)b. glucosec. hemoglobind. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

a. glucoseb. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)c. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) d. hemoglobin

a. nucleic acidsb. proteinsc. lipidsd. carbohydrates

a. nucleic acidsb. proteinsc. lipidsd. carbohydrates

a. lipidsb. proteinsc. carbohydratesd. nucleic acids

a. nucleic acidsb. carbohydratesc. lipidsd. proteins

a. No energy is made available to the cell for cellular functions.

b. A molecule of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), with one phosphate group, is formed.

c. Energy is released, which can be used by the cell.

d. Energy is lost in the process.

a. nitrateb. diatomic moleculec. ammoniad. amino group

a. composed of building blocks called amino acids

b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation

c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information

d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy

a. nitrogenb. oxygenc. waterd. carbon

a. Amylase, a digestive enzyme found in saliva, helps break down food molecules.

b. Enzymes do not play a role in metabolic processes of the body.

c. Enzymes are chemically altered during reactions in which they are involved.

d. Enzymes always slow the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.

a. root cells from a tomato plantb. guard cells from a marigold

plantc. leaf palisade cells from a tomato

plantd. stem cells from a corn plant

a. The plant will turn yellow. b. The plant will wilt. c. The plant will lose its leaves. d. The plant’s roots will grow.

a. The stomach muscle is fill of dividing cells.

b. Stomach muscle functions differently than leg muscle.

c. The stripes in the leg muscle do not relate to its function.

d. The two muscles function the same despite differences in their appearance.

a. hypoglycemiab. pancreatitisc. insulin-deficiency syndromed. diabetes

a. ribosomesb. mitochondriac. nucleus d. DNA

a. individual cellsb. groups of cellsc. a single organ systemd. multiple organ systems

a. polymers of smaller subunitsb. sequences of sugarsc. lipids of large moleculesd. nucleotides of DNA

a. a positive test for proteinsb. a positive test for starches c. a negative test for proteinsd. a negative test for starches

a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

a. carbohydrateb. lipidc. nucleic acidd. protein

a. substrateb. productc. enzymed. complex

a. The reaction rate will increase. b. The equilibrium of the reaction will be

maintained. c. The reaction rate will decrease. d. The reaction will stop.