PRESENTATION OF IMMUNOLOGYON

BIOLOGY OF AGING

SUBMITTED BYAWANTIKA SINGHM.SC (P) BIO SCI

BIOLOGY OF AGING

INDEX o INTRODUCTION o MAXIMUM LIFE SPAN o Changes IN DIFFERENT ORAGAN & ORGAN SYSTEMo THEORIES OF AGAINGo HOW DOES AGAING HAPPENSo WHAT ASPECT OF AGING CAN BE PREVENTED o HEALTH PRACTICES FOR A LONG HEALTHY LIFEo LATEST INFORMATION

introduction

Aging is characteristics of all multicellular organism.

“Aging is described as a biological process which can increased susceptibility of an organism to disease”-A. Comfort.

“Aging is a gradual decline in adaptation of the organism to its natural environment following the onset of reproduction maturity “ –B.L. Strehlose

The foundation of geography (Green=old man ) was laid by V.Korenchnesky.

Division of life span on an organism

It can be divided in 2 phases .a) Growthb) Senescenceo GROWTH- Early phase of growth is a

fast process leading to maturity .growth continues even after maturity .

o SENESCENCE- It is a process by which capacity for cell division and capacity for growth and function are lost over time and ending to death.

Maximum life span

Aging affect all kind of individuals of a species and it can be of two type .

a) Maximum life span .b) Average life span . LIFE EXPECTANCY- The number of years an

individual can expect to live , is based on average life span . It can be defined as the age at which half the population still survive .

Successful aging can be a process by which deteriorative effects are minimized preserving functions until someone make continued life impossible.

Changes in different organs & organs system

1. Kidney- they becomes less efficient at extracting waste from blood ;bladder capacity declines ; urinary consistency which may occur ,often tissues atrophy can also be managed through exercise .

2. Heart- it grows slightly larger with age, maximal oxygen consumption during exercise decline on man by about 10% with each decade of adult life .

3. Lungs- maximum breathing capacity may decline by about 40% between the age of 20 & 70.

4. Brain-it losses some cells and others becomes damaged .it adopts by increasing the number of connection between neuron – synapse and by regrowing the brand like extension Dendron and axon that carry message to brain.

5. Sight- difficulty in focusing close up may begin in the 40s , the s ability to distinguish fine details may begins to decline in the 70s

6. Body fat –the body does not lose fat with age but redistribute it from just under the skin likely to store it in the lower body hips and thighs .

7. Hearing- It becomes more difficult to near higher frequencies with age .

8. Muscles- without exercise estimated muscle mass declines 22% for woman and 23% for man in age of 30-70%

Theories of aging

What aspects of ageing can be prevented

Growing older can’t be prevented . However some of the effects of aging can be slowed and even prevented .prevention in later year requires participating in health education and health promotion activation designed to reduce the risk of disease.

Prevention also involves engaging in intervention that impose outcomes in the event an illness does occur and include effort that reduce the risk of progressive disability and decline of function in late lie the goals of prevention also including maintaining function vitality and quality of life .

Health practices for a long healthy life

Seven to eight hours of sleep at night. Weight control . Exercise . Limited alcohol consumption . Not smoking. Eating breakfast . Seldom snacking.Exercise has been shown to be an

important means of preventing cardiovascular disease, falls and depression.

Walking in recommended to all person who are physically able .it is readily available and costs are limiting beyond good pair of walking shoes .

Dietary exercises should be controlled .the recommended diet ,calorie intake that is balanced against the amount of energy expanded .

Saturated fats should be less that 10 % of the total calories

Using the recommended daily, one should make sure to have an adequate intake of timber mineral vitamins and fluids .

Eroded telomeres are behind a rare premature ageing syndromes .

Drug reveal another possible cause of aging .

Aging not showed by antioxidants study rejects 50 year old year theory.

Eroded telomeres are behind a rare premature aging syndromes-(science daily 2008 8 Aug ) – each time a cell divides ,the protein caps at the ends of chromosomes shorten and when these caps are gone , so are we. Now by using an unconventional strategy to shorten telomere in mice. Researcher at ROCKFELLER UNIVERSITY have not only created the first faithful mouse model for studying a role yet fatal premature aging syndrome ,but they have revealed the molecular the molecular defect behind the disease.

Drug designed to target one aspect of aging also seem to help repair dna damage and regulate gene activity ,preventing them from going with the time .

Sirtiris pharmaceutical a company best known for its development of an experiment drug ‘resveratrol . It activates an enzyme called S1RT1. This enzyme rejuvenates mitochondrial breakdown has been associated with many age related diseases including heart disease diabetes and dementia .

Research led by scientist in the UK has upturned a 50 year theory that maintenance antioxidants stop or slow aging by counteracting the oxidative stress on cells caused by free radicals ,a finding that will undermine clues made by beauty and diet that promotes the anti aging properties of antioxidants .

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