BIOLOGY 2 JOURNAL REPORT

VALENCIA, MARIELL G.BRIDLE, ELAINE N.

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SYSTEMS IN THE

PHILIPPINESVALENCIA, MARIELL G.

BRIDLE, ELAINE N.

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A RIVER SYSTEM?• A RIVER SYSTEM IS A WAY OF DESCRIBING

THE LARGER NETWORKS OF STREAMS, LAKES AND RIVERS THAT ARE PART OF A LARGER RIVER'S NETWORK OF TRIBUTARIES AND DISTRIBUTARIES.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

PARTS OF A RIVER SYSTEM

Figure 1. Parts of a river system.

WHAT IS ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT• AN ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A WATERSHED

INCLUDES EVALUATIONS OF MORE THAN ONE ASPECT OF WATERSHED HEALTH.•THE TERM “ECOLOGICAL” IMPLIES THAT BOTH

ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS ARE STUDIED TOGETHER.

TERMINOLOGIES

TERMINOLOGIES• BOD (BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND)• STANDARD METHOD FOR INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE

AMOUNT OF ORGANIC POLLUTION (THAT CAN BE OXIDIZED BIOLOGICALLY) IN A SAMPLE OF WATER.

•DO (DISSOLVED OXYGEN)• INDICATOR OF THE HEALTH OF A WATER BODY AND ITS

CAPACITY TO SUPPORT A BALANCED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

TERMINOLOGIES• SWDI (SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT

INDICATORS)•AIMS TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF WELL-BEING OF THE

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO FAMILIES. IT ALSO SERVES AS THE REFERENCE IN THE CASE MANAGEMENT OF THESE SAID BENEFICIARIES – TO HELP THEM GAIN THEIR FIGHTING CHANCE AGAINST POVERTY.

TERMINOLOGIES• PHYTOPLANKTON• ALSO KNOWN AS MICROALGAE•ARE SIMILAR TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS IN THAT THEY

CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL AND REQUIRE SUNLIGHT IN ORDER TO LIVE AND GROW. MOST PHYTOPLANKTON ARE BUOYANT AND FLOAT IN THE UPPER PART OF THE OCEAN, WHERE SUNLIGHT PENETRATES THE WATER. PHYTOPLANKTON ALSO REQUIRE INORGANIC NUTRIENTS SUCH AS NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, AND SULFUR WHICH THEY CONVERT INTO PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES.

TERMINOLOGIES• MACROBENTHOS• THE RELATIVELY LARGE ORGANISMS LIVING ON OR IN THE

BOTTOM OF BODIES OF WATER.• ZOOPLANKTON• PLANKTON COMPOSED OF ANIMALS

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY• TO BE ABLE TO SHOW THE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SYSTEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES.• TO KNOW THE IMPORTANCE OF RIVERS AND RIVER SYSTEMS IN OUR ECOSYSTEM.

METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY• SCIENTIFIC DATA OBTAINED THE PRRC’S

ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION WILL SERVE AS INDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY AS REFLECTED IN ON-SITE, LABORATORY, AND SEDIMENTARY ANALYSES.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCASE STUDY: PASIG RIVER SYSTEM

PASIG RIVER

Figure 2. Pasig River then and now.

FIGURE 3. PASIG RIVER SYSTEM

Click icon to add picture

PASIG RIVER• RIVER LENGTH: 27 KILOMETERS• CONNECTS MANILA BAY AND LAGUNA DE BAY• AVERAGE WIDTH: 91 METERS• DEPTH: 0.5 TO 5.5 METERS

Figure 4. Pasig River Then

PASIG RIVER•PASSES THROUGH TAGUIG,

PASIG, MAKATI, MANDALUYONG, AND MANILA•MAJOR TRIBUTARIES:

MARIKINA, PATEROS-TAGUIG, NAPINDAN, AND SAN JUAN

• HAS 43 MAJOR TRIBUTARIES LOCATED IN MANILA

Figure 5. Pasig River Now

FIGURE 6. WATER QUALITY OF THE PASIG RIVER FROM 1999 TO 2009THE FIGURE CLEARLY SHOWS THAT THE PASIG RIVER WAS VERY POLLUTED, AS IT FAILED TO MEET THE DENR STANDARD LEVELS OF 5 AND 7 MG/L FOR DO AND BOD, RESPECTIVELY. 

FIVE BASIC WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

• DISSOLVED OXYGEN• TEMPERATURE• ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY / SALINITY

• PH

•TURBIDITY

POLLUTION SOURCES• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE: 45 % •ABOUT 315 OF THE 2,000 OR MORE FACTORIES

SITUATED IN THE RIVER BASIN•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 145 TONS

POLLUTION SOURCES• DOMESTIC LIQUID WASTE•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE : 45 % •APPROXIMATELY 4.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN THE PASIG

RIVER CATCHMENT AREA•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 148 TONS (PURELY

FROM THE SEWAGE OUTLETS SCATTERED ALONG ITS BANKS)

POLLUTION SOURCES• SOLID WASTE•AFFECTING FACTOR PERCENTAGE : 10 % •APPROXIMATELY 4.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN THE PASIG

RIVER CATCHMENT AREA•AVERAGE WEIGHT OF BOD (PER DAY): 30 TONS (PURELY

FROM THE SEWAGE OUTLETS SCATTERED ALONG ITS BANKS)

DIVERSITY OF PLANTS IN PASIG RIVER

3.33

2.38 2.562008-2009 2012-2013

Figure 7. Plant Diversity Count in Pasig River System

DIVERSITY OF ANIMALS IN PASIG RIVER

Phytoplankton Zooplankton Macrobenthos00.20.40.60.8

11.2

0.72

1.075

0.3970.656

0.808

0.087

Main Pasig River Minor Tributaries

Figure 8. Animal Diversity Count in Pasig River System

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION• WATER IS ONE OF THE MAJOR NEEDS OF AN ORGANISM,

ESPECIALLY HUMANS. DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION RIVERS IN METRO MANILA ARE FULLY AFFECTED.•PASIG RIVER WAS DECLARED BY THE GOVERNMENT THE

MOST IMPORTANT RIVER IN METRO MANILA LAST 1990. BUT EVIDENTLY, IT HAS CHANGED A LOT FROM IT’S PREVIOUS CONDITION. IT WAS ONCE A CLEAN RIVER BUT NOW IT’S NOT. IN A RIVER SYSTEM, AS SOON AS ONE PART OF IS BECAME DAMAGED OR IN OTHER WORDS POLLUTED THE REST OF THE SYSTEM WOULD BE POLLUTED.

REFERENCES

REFERENCES• PASIG RIVER POLLUTION. (N.D.). RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM

HTTP://WWW.WEPA-DB.NET/POLICIES/MEASURES/BACKGROUND/PHILIPPINES/PASIGRIVER.HTM • GORME, J. B., MANIQUIZ, M. C., SONG, P., & KIM, L. (2010, SEPTEMBER 15). THE

WATER QUALITY OF THE PASIG RIVER IN THE CITY OF MANILA, PHILIPPINES: CURRENT STATUS, MANAGEMENT AND FUTURE RECOVERY. RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM HTTP://KPUBS.ORG/ARTICLE/ARTICLEMAIN.KPUBS?ARTICLEANO=E1HGBK_2010_V15N3_173•  ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED AUGUST 14, 2016, FROM

HTTP://WWW.DEP.WV.GOV/WWE/WATERSHED/WQMONITORING/PAGES/ECOLOGICALASSESSMENTS.ASPX