biology chapter 23: plant structure and functionmsknguyen.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/49338011/bio ch...

Lesson Overview Specialized Tissues in Plants Lesson Overview Specialized Tissues in Plants

Biology Chapter 23: Plant Structure and Function

Ms. Nguyen

Lesson Overview Specialized Tissues in Plants Chapter 23: Plant Structure and Function Bell Ringer: Copy the graphic organizer into the left side of IAN.

Big Idea: Structure and Func;on

Essen;al Ques;on: How are cells, ;ssues, and organs organized into systems that caDy out the basic func;ons of a seed plant?

Main Idea: 3 principals of seed plant structure

Main Idea: 3 main plant ;ssue system

Main Idea: Func;ons of meristem,

cambium, stomata, guard cells, and transpira;on.

Lesson Overview Specialized Tissues in Plants

I. 3 Principal Seed Plant Structure

① Roots anchor plants in the ground, holding soil in place and preven;ng erosion.

② Root systems absorb water and dissolved nutrients.

③ Roots transport these materials to the rest of the plant, store food, and hold plants upright against forces such as wind and rain.

A. Roots


①  Stems provide a support system for the plant body, a transport system that carries nutrients, and a defensive system that protects the plant against predators and disease.

②  Stems also produce leaves and reproduc;ve organs such as flowers.

③ The stem’s transport system liPs water from the roots up to the leaves and carries the products of photosynthesis from the leaves back down to the roots.

B. Stems


C. Leaves ① Leaves are the plant’s main photosynthe;c organs.

② Leaves also expose ;ssue to the dryness of the air and, therefore, have adjustable pores that help conserve water while leUng oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and exit the leaf.


Write a Summary then highlight or box your work!!

Summarize the 3 principal parts of seed plants: root, stem, and leaves.


II. 3 Main Plant Tissue Systems

① Dermal ;ssue is the protec;ve outer covering of a plant.

② Dermal ;ssue in young plants consists of a single layer of cells, called the epidermis. The outer surfaces of epidermal cells are oPen covered with a thick waxy layer called the cu;cle, which protects against water loss.

A. Dermal Tissue


B. Vascular Tissue ① Vascular ;ssue supports the plant body and transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

②  The two kinds of vascular ;ssue are xylem, a water-‐conduc;ng ;ssue, and phloem, a ;ssue that carries dissolved food.

③ Both xylem and phloem connect almost like sec;ons of pipe.


C. Ground Tissue

① Ground ;ssue produces and stores sugars, and contributes to physical support of the plant. It is neither dermal nor vascular.

② Types of ground ;ssue varies in cell wall thickness.



Summarize the 3 main plant ;ssues:

dermal, vascular, and ground.

Lesson Overview Specialized Tissues in Plants III. Meristems and Plant Growth

A. Meristem ①  Meristems are regions of

unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differen;a;on (job).

② Meristems are found in places where plants grow rapidly, such as the ;ps of stems (shoot) leaves and roots.


B. Plant Growth ①  A paDern of growth that takes place at the ;ps and shoots of a plant (Gets Taller)

1. Primary growth


① The type of growth in which stems increase in thickness. (Gets FaDer)

a.  Vascular Cambium: meristem that produces vascular ;ssues (xylem/phloem)

b.  Cork Cambium: meristem that produces the protec;ve layer of cork (off duty phloem)

2. Secondary Growth



Summarize meristem and plant growth: meristem, primary growth, secondary growth, vascular and cork cambium.


IV. Photosynthesis and Stomata

① Small openings in the epidermis (skin layer of a leaf) that allow carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf.

A. Stomata


V. Homeostasis and Guard Cells

①  Highly specialized cells that surround the stomata and control their opening and closing.

②  Guard cells regulate the movement of gases into and out of leaf ;ssue

A. Guard Cells


VI. Transpiration

① The loss of water (evapora;on) through opening and closing of the stomata.

② This lost water may be replaced by water drawn into the leaf through xylem vessels in the vascular ;ssue.

③ Transpira;on helps to cool leaves on hot days, but it may cause the plant to wilt.

A. Transpira<on



Summarize stomata, guard cell, and transpira;on.

biology chapter 23: plant structure and functionmsknguyen.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/49338011/bio ch...

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