biological positivism. are criminals biologically different from non-criminals? classical school...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biological Positivism
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Are Criminals Biologically Different from Non-criminals?
• Classical School– No
• Biological Perspective– Yes
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The Birth of Positivist Science
• 1800s, optimism about science soars
• Scientific method applied to humans
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Early Biological Positivism• “With mankind some of the worst
dispositions which occasionally without any assignable cause make their appearance in families, may perhaps be reversions to a savage state, from which we are not removed by many generations.”– Darwin 1871, p.137
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Lombros’s Theory of Atavism
• In 1876, observed physical differences between criminals and non-criminals
• Conclusion:
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Biological Positivism Today• Biosocial theories
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Biochemical Theories
• Criminal behavior is influenced by– Diet, hormones, environmental contaminants
• Examples– Lead poisoning linked to aggression and low IQ– 1979 murder of Mayor Harvey Milk
• Twinkie defense, diminished capacity manslaughter rather than 1st deg murder
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Biosocial Theory of Testosterone and Crime
• Booth and Osgood (1993) – High testosterone leads young children to
behave aggressively, which alienate others– This leads to fewer social bonds, which over
time, increase crime
• Conclusion
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Ethical Concerns
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Positivist Criminology Today
• Positivism dominates academic criminology
• Tenets of Positivism