biography theory of evolution darwin’s contributions to
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BiographyTheory of Evolution
Darwin’s contributions to Science
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English naturalist and biologist
12.2.1809, Shrewsbury
Theory of evolution
Education (Edinburgh, Cambridge)
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John Henslow
HMS ‘’Beagle’’
Observing principles of Botany, Zoology, Geology
Pacific Islands, Galapagos Archipelago
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Sir Charles Lyell’s “Principles of Geology”
Geological Society – 1838 – 1841
Marriage with his cousin
Suffered from Chagas disease (due to an insect bite)
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Origin of species
Natural selection – essence of Darwinian theory
Alfred Russel Wallace – similarity of ideas
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859
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The Descent of Man – evoked controversy (human race originates from oran-gutans, chimpanzees and gorillas )
Selection in Relation to Sex (sexual selection) , TheExpression of Emotions in Man andAnimals , Insectivorous Plants , The Effects of Crossand Self Fertilisation in the VegetableKingdom , Different Forms of Flowers in Plants of theSame Species , and The Formation of Vegetable Mouldthrough the Action of Worms .
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One of the great intellectual revolutions ofhuman history
Most scientists believed that each organism andeach adaptation was the work of the creator
The great tree of life
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Five weeks long visit to the Galápagos Islandsin the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Various species live in different kinds ofenvironments
Unique finches, the famous "Darwin's finches"
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Darwin’s theory of evolution entails the following fundamental ideas:
1. Species (populations of interbreeding organisms) change over time and space
2. All organisms share common ancestors with other organisms 3. Evolutionary change is gradual and slow in Darwin’s view
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What Darwin called the “struggle for existence” Process of Natural Selection Darwin’s process of natural selection has four components:1. Variation2. Inheritance3. High rate of population growth.4. Differential survival and reproduction
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Darwin - controversial to many religiousinstitutions and their followers, his theoriesstayed almost unchanged from the 19-th centuryuntil now.
Gave many answers on questions aboutexistence of all living things, from a basic bacteriato human being.
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The first one who introduced biologicalevolution trough biological selection.
Excluded God from human evolution
Claimed that humans most probably evolvedfrom primates
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Charles Darwin’s theories - ills of capitalism?
Application to economy and society - givingbirth to social Darwinism.
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Notorious social Darwinists include the two wealthiest men of their time, Andrew Carnegie and John Rockefeller.
Andrew Carnegie John Rockefeller
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The problem of heredity
Blending and separation
Pea plants
Mechanism of heredity – nonblending (Mendel)
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Mendel’s laws
Neo-darwinism : Natural selection+ Mendelian genetics
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Evolutionary biology nonconstancy of species = the modern conception of
evolution
Philosophy of science Darwin introduced historicity into science
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Darwin ate the animals he encountered ; Glutton Club
Darwin and the Water therapy Bizzare treatments
Ascension island
Darwin was neurotic
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