biodiesel pembroke
TRANSCRIPT
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PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROMVEGETABLE OIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION
PROCESS USING CONTINOUS ENZYMATIC
REACTOR
Advisors: Dr. Siva Mandjiny, Dr. Maria Periera, Dr. Cornelia TirlaDepartment of Chemistry & Physics, Department of Biology
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UNCP Biofuels
Provost funds initiative( up to present date)
Biodiesel Reactor arrives March 07
Biodiesel Outreach starts January 08
Student research starts Summer 07
Present- Outreach/Research continues
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UNCP Biofuels
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Goal
To Research Cost-Conserving and Safer Methods for Biodiesel Production.Reduce Production of Soap and other By-Products.Utilize a Continuous, Low-Maintenance
Reactor.Compare Continuous Production withConventional Process.
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Why
?
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Because Biodiesel is
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And because it can be made fromalmost any fatty acid!These are somesamples of Biodiesel
produced from a
variety of oils.Oils used: Corn,Palm, Coconut, Fish,
Canola, Macadamia Nut, Sunflower,Hemp, Soy Bean and
Peanut.
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Materials
Batch Method Continuous ProcessWaste and Virgin
Vegetable OilMethanolPotassium Hydroxide
Waste and Virgin
Vegetable OilEthyl Acetate Novozyme-435Lipase Enzyme
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Batch Method
Conventional batch method with KOHcatalyst, Vegetable Oil and Methanol at55C.Wash with water to remove soap.Separate Glycerol from Biodiesel.
Test for presence and quality of biodiesel by GC/Mass Spectrometer and BombCalorimetry.
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Conventional Batch Reaction
http://www.filtertechnik.co.uk/biodiesel/images/whywash_clip_image004_big.jpg -
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Continuous Process
Continuous Reactor with vegetable oil,ethyl acetate as the reactant and lipaseenzyme as the catalyst.Allow to run ~6 hours for optimal reaction.Test for presence and quality of biodieselwith bomb calorimetry and GC/Mass Spec.
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The Transesterification Reaction
CH2
CH
CH2
O
O
O C
C
C
O
O
O
(CH2)n
(CH2)n
(CH2)n CH3
CH3
CH3 + 3O
O
CH2
CH
CH2
O
O
O C
C
C
O
O
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
+(CH
2)n
O
O
H3C3
Novozyme 435
Oil Ethyl Acetate Tracetin Biodiesel
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The Continuous Reactor
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Results From Batch
The Batch Processwith PotassiumHydroxide Catalyst
Produces Biodiesel aswell as Soap and Glycerol that have to
be removed beforeuse.
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Results From Continuous Process
The continuous process produces biodiesel and triacetin
a known fuel additivewhich does not haveto be removed fromthe biodiesel beforeuse.
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Results and Discussion
The optimal reaction time for oil to be completelyconverted to biodiesel is 6 to 8 hours this wasdetermined by an indirect method of measuring thecalorific values of samples taken at different pointsduring the reaction process. Further testing showedthat after this time period, the equilibrium point isreached for the reaction and it begins to shift back tothe reactant side.
It was also noted as the concentration of ethylacetate in biodiesel in the reaction decreases, the
calorific value increases.
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Concentration of Biodiesel To theConcentration Of Ethyl Acetate
C V V a
l u e
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Results and Discussion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (hrs)
% C
o n v e
r s i o n
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Results and Discussion
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Results and DiscussionContinued
OO II LL CCaa ll oo rr ii f f ii cc V V aa ll uu ee
(( cc aa ll // mm ll ))
SS pp ee cc ii f f ii cc GG rr aa v v ii tt y y
R R ee f f rr aa cc tt ii v v ee II nn dd ee xx
V V ii ss cc oo ss ii tt y y (( NN
ss ee cc // mm 22 )) Virgin Oil 7290.63 0.8767 1.7465 0.0083BBaa tt cc hh w w //
K K OO HH aa ss CCaa tt aa ll y y ss tt
WasteVegetable Oil
8505.70 0.880 1.4555 0.0084
Virgin Oil 8554.30 0.902 2.9234 0.0110BBaa tt cc hh w w // EE nn zz y y mm ee aa ss CCaa tt aa ll y y ss tt
WasteVegetable Oil
9137.69 0.904 2.9376 0.0110
Virgin Oil 7557.90 0.903 2.9230 0.0092CCoo nn tt ii nn uu oo uu ss EE nn zz y y mm aa tt ii cc PP rr oo cc ee ss ss
WasteVegetable Oil
8505.73 0.907 2.9437 0.0091
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Conclusion
The lipase enzyme should be used as a catalyst. The enzyme can be effectively used in a continuous
reactor. Ethyl Acetate is a good solvent and an alternative to
methanol. Excess ethyl acetate can be distilled and reused. The calorific value can be used as an indirect
method for measuring the rate of conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel.