biodiesel - cornell university 2005... · what is biodiesel?-feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIODIESEL
Ntres 331Sorrel Hatch, Karen Klima, Sean Auclair, Rachel
Philbrick, and Fraser TrimbleApril 25, 2OO5
http://journeytoforever.org/media/s/sunflowers.jpg
![Page 2: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
-1892 invented the original diesel engine
-peanut and vegetable oils
-Diesel’s vision:
- the common man
- “[vegetable oils] make it certain that motor-power can still be produced from the heat of the sun, which is always available for agricultural purposes, even when all our natural stores of solid and liquid fuels are exhausted”(1912!)
Rudolf Diesel
http://www.nrhs.com/web_exclusives/rudolph_diesel/
![Page 3: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks: soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard
-Transesterification:-alcohol + feedstock oils-catalyzed by adding lye-products are glycerin and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)-glycerin coproduct valuable for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
http://www.treeoilsindia.com/products.htm
![Page 4: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Current Use
-Runs in any diesel engine -B100(100% pure), B20 (20%)
-No negative impacts on performance or mileage
-Public Transportation
Potential Use-commercial shipping (rail, ship, trucking)
-farming equipment http://www.ride-on.com/images/tractortrailer3.jpg
![Page 5: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Production: Home-grown vs. Commercial
FuelMeisterTM
http://biodieselsolutions.com/home/home.asp
BIOX Process Dr. David Boocock, U. of Torontohttp://www.bioxcorp.com/
http://www.esemag.com/0501/diesel.htmlHome-madehttp://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_processor4.html
![Page 6: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Environmental Impacts of Biodiesel
http://www.tecpar.br/cerbio/imagens/Marca%20Biodiesel.gif
http://www.intertekcb.com/newsitetest/news/images/biodieselfueling.jpg
www.msenergy.ms/images/ Biodiesel%20bus.png
![Page 7: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biodiesel and Sustainability
http://www.mikeska.com/graphics/Fries.jpg
http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/beef/facts/info_maincattf3.jpg
www.discoveryfarms.org/.../harrison/pig.jpg
http://www.envisionag.com/Soybean%20Field.jpg
Biodiesel
Fats, Lard and Tallow
Soybean, Corn, and other Vegetable Oils
Recycled Cooking Grease
Biodiesel is made from natural, renewable resources
![Page 8: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biodiesel and Global Warming
www.vibesproject.ca/ whatis_enviro.shtml
www.energea.at/ images/raps.jpg
Biodiesel does NOT contribute to the problem of Global Warming
The net carbon balance is zero
Carbon dioxide released after burning biodiesel is captured again by plants or animals.
![Page 9: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Biodiesel and Environmental Safety
Biodiesel is an all natural, environmentally safe product
Table salt is ten times more toxic than biodiesel!!!!!
Biodiesel biodegrades almost completely in the environment in one month
Biodiesel produces much fewer emissions than petroleum based diesel
Biodiesel is safe to transport and store
![Page 10: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Emissions Reductions as a result of using Biodiesel
http://www.gobiodiesel.org/tiki-index.php?page=BiodieselBasics
![Page 11: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biodiesel in the United States
Source: http://www.jeffandcarol.com/images1/toweb/biodiesel_bus.JPG
![Page 12: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biodiesel Distributors in
U.S.
Source: http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/retailfuelingsites/
Source: http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/distributors/
Biodiesel Retailers in U.S.
![Page 13: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Price Differential
Curren t Pric es fo r Pure Bi od ies el
$2. 50
$2. 55
$2. 60
$2. 65
$2. 70
$2. 75
$2. 80
Brooklyn, N Y N . H ills, C A Cincinnati, OH D e Moine, IA
D ist ribu tor Loca tion
Pric
e pe
r ga
llon
Source: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp
Current Prices for Pure Biodiesel
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
Brooklyn, NY Cincinnati, OH De Moines, IA N. Hills, CA
Distributor Location
Cen
ts p
er G
allo
n
![Page 14: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Government Regulations
• ASTM D 6751
• Biodiesel Fuels Credit (Form 8864)
• Clean Air Act Amendments (1990)
• Energy Policy Act (1992) and Amendments (1998)
![Page 15: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Navy
•World’s largest consumer of biodiesel
•June 1, 2005 deadline:
“These goals are intended to reduce the Nation’s dependence on foreign oil, to improve the nation’s air quality, and to exercise federal leadership in the use and development of alternative fuels.”(Department of the Navy memo)
Source: http://www.military.cz/usa/navy/uss/carriers/stennis/jcs_battlegroup.jpg
![Page 16: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Biodiesel in Europe
http://www.irsuggestions.org/asplistthread1.asp?pgid=2&Id=76222
![Page 17: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EU Directives-2003
• tax treatment of biofuels
• alternative fuels provide up to 20% of automotive fuel by 2020.
http://www.biodiesel.org.au/Documents.htm
![Page 18: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Case Study: Graz, Austria
http://www.trendsetter-europe.org/index.php?ID=714
![Page 19: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0102030405060708090
100
1994 1997 1999 2002 2005
Percent
Percent of Biodiesel-powered Buses in Graz Fleet
![Page 20: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Emissions
– 1460 kg less of CO – 1,250,000 kg less of CO2
•Biodiesel emit less CO, CO2, SO2, and soot
–1380 kg less of SO2–510 kg less of soot
www.hasekamp.net/thailand.htm
![Page 21: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Results• Reduced harmful exhaust
emissions • Established frying oil as a
renewable resource • Created jobs • Raised public opinion of Graz’s
public transportation system
• Need to change engine oil and oil filters twice as often
• Uses 6% more fuel
http://www.trendsetter-europe.org/index.php?ID=1055
http://www.trendsetter-europe.org/index.php?ID=1053
![Page 22: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Future of Bio Diesel
Where We Can and Can’t Go
How We Can Get There
Bioxcorp.com
Bioxcorp.com
![Page 23: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The BIOX Process
Dr. David Boocock, Inventor of the BIOX processwww.bioxcorp.com
![Page 24: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Public Transportation
• Major US Cities
• Public Busses– 559 Million
Gallons of Diesel
• Increased Demand for BD
http://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/presentations/polzin/Transit23B.jpg
![Page 25: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Cleaner World
http://www.acme.com/jef/photos/08feb2003_sunny_day_2/mvc-3885.jpg
![Page 26: Biodiesel - Cornell University 2005... · What is Biodiesel?-Feedstocks:soybeans, canola, peanut, corn, and cottonseed and animal fats such as tallow, yellow grease, and lard-Transesterification:](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5c043c3b09d3f29b388b61e9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
QUESTIONS?
http://www.uintah.lib.ut.us/images/Question.jpg