bioc/dent/phcy 230 lecture 1
DESCRIPTION
BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1. Overview of Metabolism. Metabolism: sum total of reactions Catabolism: breakdown of polymers and macromolecules Anabolism: synthesis of macromolecules and polymers. Energy homeostasis: Extraction Storage Regulation. PEPTIDE STEROID - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230
LECTURE 1
![Page 2: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview of MetabolismMetabolism: sum total of reactions
Catabolism:breakdown of polymers and
macromolecules
Anabolism: synthesis of macromolecules and polymers
![Page 4: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Energy homeostasis:
Extraction
Storage
Regulation
![Page 5: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hormonal regulation of metabolism
Insulin
Glucagon
Growth Hormone
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Thyroid hormone
PEPTIDE
STEROID
AMINO ACID DERIVED
![Page 6: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
T3 T4
Thyroid Hormones
Increase metabolic rate
Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis & hormone sensitive lipase activity
Synthesised in thyroid gland
Requires protein (thyroglobulin) and iodide
75% of thyroid protein is thyroglobulin
Gland epithelia have Na/I symporter
II
I III
I
IH2O2
![Page 7: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CHOLESTEROL
CORTISOL
Glucocorticoid
gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, liver protein and RNA synthesis
cortisol
aldosterone
![Page 8: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Glucocorticoid Receptor
![Page 9: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Both cortisol and T3 affect transcription
transcortin
cortisol
T4 binding globulin
T3T4
PLASMA TARGET CELL
CORTISOL CR
T3ITBP
THR
![Page 11: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Carbohydrate metabolism:
![Page 12: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Glucose as a fuel
Tissue usage: all tissues, brain and RBC are obligate users
Dietary forms: mono- and disaccharides, glycogen, starch,
cellulose
Stored as : glycogen
Processed by: glycolysis, CAC, ETC
![Page 13: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSEMANNOSE
GLYCEROL
![Page 14: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Strategy of glycolysis
Splitting reaction
![Page 15: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Energy investment
6 carbon
3 carbon
Cost = 2ATP
![Page 16: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Energy generation
x2
Yield = 4 ATP
Net = 2 ATP
![Page 17: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fates of pyruvate
pyruvate
+O2
-O2
CAC,ETC fermentation
![Page 20: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
animals
lactate
![Page 21: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
yeast
ethanol
![Page 22: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
O
COO-
CH3
C + NADH + H+ OH
COO-
CH3
CH + NAD+
pyruvate lactate
LDH
oxidised reduced
oxidisedreduced
![Page 23: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56814609550346895db31816/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
THE TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Metabolism can be hormonally regulated
Glucose is a major fuel
Glucose can yield energy via glycolysis
The end products of glycolysis can be
metabolised either anaerobically or aerobically