Bioanalytical Techniques

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Bioanalytical Techniques

Sekhar TalluriProfessor

Department of BiotechnologyGITAM University

I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.NEW DELHI • BANGALORE

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Published byI.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.S-25, Green Park Extension, Uphaar Cinema MarketNew Delhi–110 016 (India)E-mail: info@ikinternational.comWebsite: www.ikbooks.com

ISBN 978-93-81141-70-0

© 2012 I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means: electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission from the publisher.

Published by Krishan Makhijani for I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.Ltd., S-25, Green Park Extension, Uphaar Cinema Market, New Delhi–110 016and Printed by Rekha Printers Pvt. Ltd., Okhla Industrial Area, Phase II,New Delhi–110 020.

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Dedicated tomy father

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Bioanalytical techniques are used for qualitative and quantitative studiesof a wide variety of biological systems. Choice of the right analyticaltechnique requires considerable knowledge, experience and insightregarding the range of available techniques as well as the biologicalsystem. The aim of this book is to introduce the student to a widevariety of bioanalytical techniques and provide sufficient informationregarding the principles, applicability and limitations associated witheach method in the hope that this knowledge will enable the studentto understand why a specific technique is used for a particularapplication.

This book attempts to fill a void between books that explain theapplications in detail but do not provide adequate description of theunderlying principles; and books that cover the physical principlesunderlying analytical techniques in great detail, but do not cover theextensions that form the basis of the standard applications in biologicalcontexts.

This book provides only a minimal description of the experimentalprotocols–this is because specific protocols are subject to change dueto rapid advances in technology, and are best obtained from therelevant recent publications. In addition, there is substantial variationin the standard protocols for instrumental techniques–in many cases itis best to obtain the relevant protocol from the manufacturer of theinstrument.

I have not attempted an encyclopedic coverage of all bioanalyticaltechniques–instead I have chosen to cover those techniques that thestudent is most likely to encounter now, and in the near future. Somespecialized techniques have been introduced, either to emphasize aparticular principle, or because of their current or potential importance.I have not attempted to cover all topics at equal length. Topics suchas flame emission spectrometry that are covered in great depth instandard analytical chemistry books have been covered briefly, oromitted. Similarly, topics such as enzyme assays and immunoassays,covered well by standard books dealing with biochemical and molecularbiological methods have also been covered very briefly.

Preface

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viii Contents

Modern methods, such as biosensors, biomicrofluidics andnanobioanalytical techniques, that have not yet appeared in standardintroductory textbooks, have been introduced in this book. Althoughmany specialized textbooks deal with these topics, most of these booksare at an advanced level and assume a far greater knowledge of physicsthan that expected from a student interested primarily in bioanalyticaltechniques. This book only assumes a knowledge of biology, chemistry,physics and mathematics at the first year college level.

Modern bioanalytical instrumentation is possible due to advancesin materials, electronics, optics, genetic engineering, immunology andsynthetic chemistry. The application of these sophisticated bioanalyticaltechniques often results in the production of vast amount of highlycomplex data. Therefore, familiarity with the increasingly complex andspecific methods of data analysis associated with each technique isalso important. Fortunately, the software for data analysis often shieldsthe user of bioanalytical techniques from direct exposure to the rawdata. A detailed coverage of the instrumentation and software isbeyond the scope of this textbook. However, several introductorytextbooks on analytical instrumentation and data analysis are available;monographs and reviews that cover specific techniques in greater detailare also available. These books, reviews and journal articles are citedfor further reading.

A major decision in the organization of the content of this bookinvolved deciding whether the applications or the techniques shouldbe the basis for the organization. The preferred technique for a givenapplication is often subject to change with the availability of newtechnologies. In view of the above, and also because many differentapplications are based on the same principles, I decided that theorganization would be technique based.

Sekhar Talluri

Preface

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I would like to acknowledge the following:• GITAM University for the time to write this book.• Developers of the following open OS: Debian, Ubuntu.• Developers of the following open software: Openoffice, Tex, Latex.• Springer-Verlag for the document class SVMono and associated

TEX files.• Web resources: Google, Pubmed.• Wiley: Data from Table 2.1 and Table 2.2 of “Spectrometric

Identification of Organic Compounds” by Silverstein and Webster.• Wikipedia: The following images, available in the public domain

or licensed under CCSA (Creative Commons-Attribution-ShareAlike) or GNU Free Documentation or equivalent licence,were used in some of the figures. The contributors of these figuresare gratefully acknowledged: Chromatography-of-chlorophyll.jpg(Bernd Kastenholz), Ant-SEM.jpg (USGS), Bragg-diffraction.png(Michael Hadmack), DTI-sagittal-fibers.jpg (Thomas Schultz),ELISA-sandwich.jpg (Jeffrey M. Vinocur), EPR-lines.png (MikhailRyazanov), FluorescentCells.jpg (US Gov.), FTIR-Interferometer.png (Peter Gans), Hyperchromicity.svg (F. Dardel),IR-summary-version-2.gif (David R. Kelly), Mass-spectrometer-schematics.png (US Gov.), Microtiter-plate.jpg (Jeffrey M. Vinocur),Mra1.jpg (Ofir Glazer and Dr. Hayit Greenspan, Bio-MedicalEngineering Department, Tel Aviv University, Israel.), MRS-localiser-image.jpg (DJ Manton, University of Hull),MRS-spectrum.jpg (DJ Manton, University of Hull),ObwiedniaPeptydu.jpg (Florian H Turk), Paul-Trap.svg (ArianKriesch), Picoplancton-cytometrie.jpg (Daniel Vaulot, CNRS,Station Biologique de Roscoff), Single-Molecule-Under-Water-AFM-Tapping-Mode.jpg (Y. Roiter and S. Minko, AFM SingleMolecule Experiments at the Solid-Liquid Interface: In SituConformation of Adsorbed Flexible Polyelectrolyte Chains,Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, iss. 45, pp.15688-15689 (2005). Size-exclusion-standardisation.png (TimVickers), SNP-Molecularprobe-2.png (Daniel Horspool), X-ray-diffraction-pattern-3clpro.jpg (Jeff Dahl), X-ray-diffraction.png

Acknowledgements

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Bioanalytical Tecniques

Publisher : IK International ISBN : 9789381141700 Author : Sekhar Talluri

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/7212

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