bioactivity of marine algae

BIOACTIVITY OF MARINE ALGAE

NAME – ABHINAB DASREGD NO – 11MSM0052

GUIDE- DR. K.SUTHINDHIRANASSISTANT PROFESSORSBST, VIT UNIVERSITY

Marine Algae are a very large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organism ranging from unicellular to multicellular.

USES Agar Fertilizer Nutrition

MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE Antioxidant properties Anticancer activities Antibacterial activities. Anti-diabetic property

ALGAE MICROALGAE MACROALGAE

RED ALGAE GREEN ALGAE BROWN ALGAE

INTRODUCTION

AIM

The aim of our study is to investigate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activity of

marine algae.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this dissertation: Sample collection, Extraction, Phytochemical analysis,

Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, MIC, Recovery, α- amylase activity, α- glucosidase

activity, HDAC activity & GC-MS analysis.

AIM & OBJECTIVE

Sample collection

Extraction

Phytochemical analysis (Hanaa et al., 2009)

Antioxidant activity (DPPH method) (M.A Jayasri et al., 2009)

Antibacterial by well diffusion method

MIC test

Recovery

α- amylase activity (M.A Jayasri et al., 2009)

α- glucosidase activity (M.A Jayasri et al., 2009)

HDAC inhibitory activity (By KIT method)

GC-MS analysis

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

SAMPLE COLLECTION

Cladophora rupestris

Chaetomorpha antennina

Ulva linza

METHANOL ETHANOL E.ACETATE METHANOL ETHANOL E.ACETATE METHANOL

ALKALOIDS MAYERS TEST + + + + + + +

WAGNERS TEST + + + + + + +

CARBOHYDRATE

MOLISHES TEST + + + + + + +

FELINGS TEST + + + + + + +

AMINO ACID & PROTEIN

NINHYDRIN TEST + + + + + + +

BIURET TEST - - - - - - -

PHENOLIC COMPOUND

FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST

+ + + + + + +

LEAD ACETATE TEST + + + + + + +

SAPONINS FOAM TEST - - - - - - -

GLYCOSIDES SULPHURIC ACID TEST

- - - - - - -

TANNINS FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST

+ + + + + + +

OILS & FATS SPOT TEST - - - - - - -

SAPONIFICATION TEST

- - - - - - -

FLAVONOIDS ALKALINE REAGENT TEST

+ + + + + + +

LEAD ACETATE TEST + + + + + + +

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Cladophora rupestris Chaetomorpha antennina Ulva linza

1 2 3 4 50

102030405060708090

Positive controlMethanolEthanolEthyl acetate

Concentration (mg/ml)

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

PPH

Sc

aven

ging

Your Text Here

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

1 2 3 4 501020304050607080

Positive controlMethanolEthanolEthyl acetate


Perc

enta

ge o

f DPP

H

Scav

engi

ng

1 2 3 4 501020304050607080

Positive controlMethanol


Perc

enta

ge o

f DPP

H

Scav

engi

ng

Cladophora rupestris Chaetomorpha antennina

Ulva linza

SL.NO SAMPLE NO EXTRACT INHIBITION % IC50 (mg/ml)

1 Cladophora rupestris Methanol 78 1.20

Ethanol 64 2.75

Ethyl acetate 72 2.25

2 Chaetomorpha antennina Methanol 70 2.30

Ethanol 61 2.55

Ethyl acetate 65 2.35

3 Ulva linza Methanol 72 2.20

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS

S.aureus

E.coli

V.parahaemolyticus

V.harveyii

S.aureus

V.alginolyticus

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8

E.coli

S.aureus

P.auregenosa

V.harveyii

V.para-haemolyticus

V.alginolyticus

Concentration (µg/ml)

Opt

ical

den

sity

at 5

20 n

mMINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC)

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.60.7 E.coli

S.aureus

P.auregenosa

V.harveyii

V.para-haemolyticus

V.alginolyticus


Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 10000

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.7 E.coli

S.aureus

P.auregenosa

V.harveyii

V.para-haemolyticus

V.alginolyticusConcentration (µg/ml)

Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

Cladophora rupestris (methanol) Cladophora rupestris (ethanol)

Cladophora rupestris (Ethyl acetate)

PATHOGENIC MIC 50 (µg/ml)

BACTERIA Methanol Ethanol E.acetate

•E. coli 375 625 325

•S. aureus 425 537 287

•P. auregenosa 437 544 294

•V.harveyii 745 732 475

•V.parahaemolyticus 718 600 473

•V.alginolyticus 763 638 316

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.60.7

E.coli

S.aureus

P.auregenosa

V.harveyii

V.para-haemolyticus

V.alginolyticusConcentration (µg/ml)

Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.6

E.coliS.aureusP.auregenosaV.harveyiiV.parahaemolyticusV.alginolyticus


Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.60.7

E.coliS.aureusP.auregenosaV.harveyiiV.para-haemolyticusV.alginolyticus


Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

Chaetomorpha antennina (Methanol) Chaetomorpha antennina (ethanol)

Chaetomorpha antennina (Ethyl acetate)


BACTERIA Methanol Ethanol E.acetate

•E. coli 396 618 378

•S. aureus 437 546 312

•P. auregenosa 456 498 301

•V.harveyii 712 719 468

•V.parahaemolyticus 738 595 437

•V.alginolyticus 801 618 339

250 500 750 10000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.40.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

E.coliS.aureusP.auregenosaV.harveyiiV.para-haemolyticusV.alginolyticus


Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

Ulva linza (Methanol)


BACTERIA Methanol

• E. coli 378

• S. aureus 433

• P. auregenosa 448

• V.harveyii 747

• V.parahaemolyticus 727

• V.alginolyticus 771

250 500 750 10000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6



Opt

ical

den

sity

at 5

20 n

mRECOVERY ACTIVITY

250 500 750 100000.050.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

0.450.5



Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 10000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6



Opt

ical

den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

Cladophora rupestris (methanol) Cladophora rupestris (ethanol)

Cladophora rupestris (Ethyl acetate)

250 500 750 100000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8



Opt

ical

den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 10000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7



Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

250 500 750 10000

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.7



Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m

Chaetomorpha antennina (Methanol)Chaetomorpha antennina (ethanol)

Chaetomorpha antennina (Ethyl acetate)

250 500 750 100000.10.2

0.30.4

0.50.6



Opt

ical

Den

sity

at 5

20 n

m


250 500 750 100001020304050607080

MethanolEthanolEthyl acetate


α-A

myl

ase

inhi

bitio

n pe

r-ce

ntag

eα-AMYLASE ACTIVITY

250 500 750 10000

20

40

60

80



α-A

myl

ase

inhi

bitio

n pe

rcen

tage

250 500 750 1000020406080

Methanol


α-A

myl

ase

inhi

bi-tio

n pe

rcen

tage



SL.NO

SAMPLE EXTRACT INHIBITION %

IC50 (µg/ml)

1 C.rupestris Methanol 72 475

Ethanol 65 520

E. acetate 69 491

2 C.antennina Methanol 67 575

Ethanol 59 700

E. acetate 65 650

3 Ulva linza Methanol 71 600

250 500 750 10000

1020304050607080



α-G

luco

sida

se in

hibi

tion

perc

enta

geα-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

250 500 750 1000010203040506070



α-G

luco

sida

se in

hibi

tion

perc

enta

ge

250 500 750 1000010203040506070

U.linzaSeries2


α-G

luco

sida

se in

hibi

tion

perc

enta

ge



SL.NO

SAMPLE EXTRACT INHIBITION %

IC50 (µg/ml)

1 C.rupestris Methanol 64 478

Ethanol 59 512

E. acetate 62 445

2 C.antennina Methanol 60 650

Ethanol 57 725

E. acetate 61 643

3 Ulva linza Methanol 64 750

Sl. No Inhibitor Samples HDAC activity (OD/h/ml) HDAC Inhibition %

1 Cladophora rupestris 161 22.3

2 Chaetomorpha antennina 182.5 12.9

3 Ulva linza 172 17.1

4 Trichostatin A 130 58.9

HDAC ACTIVITY

C.rupestrisC.antennina U.linza Trichostatin A0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Inhibition %

Inhibitor samples

Inhi

bitio

n at

450

nm

HDAC activity of marine seaweeds

HDAC inhibition % of marine seaweeds Change of colouration during HDAC activity

GC-MS ANALYSIS

Cladophora rupestris

SL.N

O

RETENTI

ON TIME

COMPO

UND

NAME

MOL.W

EIGHT

FORMU

LA

1 6.16 Chloroac

etic acid

290 C16H31O2

2 9.84 Dichloroa

cetic acid

352 C18H34O2

3 14.30 Butyric

acid

140 C15H28O2

4 18.74 Trimecai

ne

248 C15H24ON

2

5 2.41 Benzami

de

263 C14H21O2

N3

6 27.14 Cyclohex

anol

124 C15H24ON

2

SL.

NO

RETEN

TION

TIME

COMPOUND

NAME

MOL.WEI

GHT

FORM

ULA

1 3.57 Diphenic

anhydride

224 C14H8O3

2 3.67 Eicosyne 278 C20H3O8

3 16.22 Menthol 156 C10H20O

4 17.02 Benzocinnoline 180 C12H8N2

5 17.47 Butyric acid 140 C15H28O2

6 19.62 Anthracenedio

ne

208 C14H8O2

7 28.70 Phenanthrenedi

one

206 C14H10O2

8 30.01 Trichosenyl

formate

366 C24H46O2

Chaetomorpha antennina

SL.NO RETENTION

TIME

COMPOUND NAME M

OL

.W

EI

GH

T

FORMULA

1 5.58 8-Heptadecene 238 C17H34

2 7.55 Isoneptadecanol 256 C17H34O

3 14.96 5-Eicosene 280 C20H40

4 15.32 Acetic acid 318 C18H35O2

5 15.51 1-Decanetheiol 174 C10H22S

6 17.02 Ethanol 312 C20H40O2

7 17.46 1-Oleylalcohol 268 C18HH36O

8 17.93 Butyric acid 140 C15H28O2

9 21.91 1,16-Hexadecanediol 258 C16H34O2

10 22.75 1,14-Docosanediol 342 C22H46O2

11 26.41 1-Pentadecane-

2,Methyl

224 C16H32

12 27.20 Menthol 156 C10H20O

13 29.27 Cyclohexanol 142 C9H18O

14 31.23 Trimecaine 24

8

C14H21O2N3

Ulva linza

Cladophora rupestris, Chaetomorpha antennina & Ulva linza had showed good

inhibitory results in antioxidant and antidiabetic inhibition assays. Therefore it

can be used in dietry supplements and in therapeutic use for the treatment of

diabetes. Though Butyric acid has good antioxidant property, It also inhibits

colonic tumor cells. The most important property of Butyric acid is that, it can

act as a HDAC inhibitor, inhibiting the function of Histone Deacetylase

enzymes. Due to present of Butyric acid in these three marine seaweeds we

can say that marine seaweeds have anti-cancer properties. Therefore it can be

used as antidiabetic properties and in therapeautic use for the treatment of

cancer.

CONCLUSION

Hanna VA, Abou-Elela, Gehan M. Hanan Abd-Elnaby, Hassan A.H. Ibrahim and M.A. Okbah., 2009. Marine natural products and their potential applications as anti-infective agents. World Appl. Sci. J., 7(7): pp. 872-880.

Duarte, M.E.R., J.P. Cauduro, G.D. Noseda, M.D. Noseda, A.G. Goncalves, C.A. Pujol, E.B. Damonte andA.S. Cerezo, 2004. The structure of the agaran sulfate from Acanthophoraspicifera (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) and its antiviral activity. Relation between structure and antiviral activity in agarans, Carbohydrate Res., 339: 335-347.

Fujiwara- Arasaki T., Mino N., Kuroda M. The value of protein in human nutrition of edible marine algae in Japan. Hydrobiol. 1984; 116/117: 513–516

Gupta, M. P., N. E. Gomez, A. I. Santana, P. N. Solis and G. Palacios, 1991. Antimicrobial activity of various algae of the Panamian Atlantic coast.Review in Medical Panama, 16: 64-8.

Hasenah Ali, P.J. Houghton and Amala Soumyanath., 2006. α-amylase inhibitory activity of some Malaysian plants used to treat diabetes; with particular reference to Phyllanthus amarus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology., 107: 449-455.

Lahaye M. Marine algae as a source of dietary fibers: Determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents in some 'sea vegetable'. Journal of Science Food Agric. 1991; 54: 587 -594.

MA Jayasri, Lazar Mathew, A Radha. 2009. A report on the Antioxidant Activity of leaves and rhizomes of Costus pictus D. Don. International Journal of Integrated Biology, Vol 5: No 1, 20-26.

MA Jayasri, Lazar Mathew, A Radha. 2009. α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of Costus pictus D.DON in the management of Diabetes. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 3(1), 91-94.

REFERENCE

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bioactivity of marine algae

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