Bio-NanoElectronics Nanobots to fight against cancer..

BYVoruganti. Anupama

ECE department

Aim• The aim of this presentation is to present the way in which we engineers, could fabricate nano robots to cure the cancer with out any side effects.• we will also deal with the advantages of these Nanobots over the conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

CancerMutation in DNA• Due to many reasons like smoking,

alcohol consumption, overstress, radioactive exposure..

Uncontrolled cell division• Due to mutations in DNA, cell division

loses control and lumps are formed.

Benign Cancer• Lump on advancement leads to

development of cancer in a part of body.

Problem to be solved..(1)

CancerMalignant tumor& Metastasis• Malignant tumor spreads to other

tissues through blood vessels.

Lumps in blood vessels• Small lumps of malignant tumor move

to other body parts.

Secondary Cancer• Secondary cancer due to metastasis

Problem to be solved..(2)

• Conventional drugs doesn’t know the difference between cancer cells and normal cells.• As the drugs are taken in multiple dosages, these effects all the healthy tissues all the time and causes many side effects like nausea, hair loss, decrease in blood cells count, allergy, kidney damage etc.

Chemotherapy &Radiation therapy ..Conventional therapies

Initial Stage: Drug is given to initial cancer tumor which is lump of genetically un identical cells.

Drug resistance: Drugs initially suppress tumors but genetically resistant cells again develops in to advanced stage of tumor

Advanced stage: Again we have to use another dose of different drug to suppress and process goes on.

Conventional therapiesDisadvantages ..

Chemotherapy & NanobotsDifferences..

Not targetedMany side effects

Multiple drugs in multiple dosages

Cannot suppress malignant tumors in blood.

Targeted (sensor)No side effects (programmed)

Single nanobot with multi drug delivery system.

Can take care of lumps of cancer cells in blood vessels.

Conventional drug

Bio-Nanobots

Medical NanobotRequirements..• The hardware architecture for

a medical nanorobot must include the necessary devices for monitoring the most important aspects of its operational workspace i.e., human body.• nanobot should be fabricated to sizes of 0.5 to 3 micro meters as it is maximum size for capillary passage requirement.

Medical NanobotArchitecture..

Molecular switch

Bio-Nano sensorNano

generator

ActuatorGears & rotorMulti walled

Carbon nanotube with multiple

drugs

Nano controller with Embedded programming

Flash memory(32 nm technology)

ElectronicsMechanicalProgramming

1.Molecular switchDesign..

Molecular switch is an molecule that can exist in two different states and can be converted reversibly between two states by external chemical or photo stimuli.• The two states are thermally

stable and are reversible i.e., can be switched from one state to another state easily and faster.

Architecture

2.Nano sensorDesign..

We Use advanced chemical assembly of clusters of nano tube electrodes to form an a single chip nano-biosensor .• This chip includes sensing

transistors in close proximity to high density clusters of nanotube electrodes so sensitive and low noise detection of activities of network of cells is possible.

• Size: 50x50nm2

Architecture

3.Nano GeneratorDesign..

In order to run nanobot we should power it and they usually operate at very low power We Use the phenomena of piezoelectricity. • The flow of blood is taken as

vibration energy and given to ZnO nano metal crystals to harvest energy.

• Specifications: individual ZnO nanowire 200 to 500 nm with diameter 50 nm.Avg spacing:100 nm

Architecture

4.Actuator Design..

Actuators are devices that convert electrical to mechanical energy or

vice versa.

Architecture

5.Gears and rotorsDesign..

For smooth running of the nanobot, we use different gear systems

according to the requirement and flexibility.

These are molecular gear system constructed with CNTs.

Architecture

6.Multi walled CNTsDesign..

In order to deliver different drugs according to the type of cancer and

In order to provide different dosages of drug according to concentration of tumor tissues we use fictionalization of Multiwall CNTs to adsorb different

drugs in each layer.

Architecture

7.Nano controllerDesign..

A nano controller is developed with supra molecular switches and are

with embedded programming.

Architecture

Nanofactory and molecular millsTo design and manipulate..

A single nanobot can’t solve the problem of whole cancer. So, we

should be in a position to fabricate millions of nanobots as per our

requirementsSo, we use nano factory in which

thousands of molecular mills fabricate individual parts of nanobot at molecular level and are finally

assembled together to get final product i.e., nanobot.

Architecture

Working of nanorobotsAfter drug delivery..

Sensing of Cancer tumor

by Nanosensor

Switches molecular

switch

Activates Nano controller and

robot runs according to embedded

programmingActuator converts Electrical energy to

mechanical energy

Rotors and electromechanical system gets

activated

Delivers drug according to

type and stage of cancer

Actions of nanorobotsAfter drug delivery..

Actions of nanorobotsAfter drug delivery..

Actions of nanorobotsAfter drug delivery..

Actions of nanorobotsAfter drug delivery..

Points to stress..(1)

Our body doesn’t produce antibodies for

known structure.

The outer case of nanobot is made with

known biological

molecules.

CNTs are well known for its

unique electrical and mechanical

properties.The bond

strengths are stronger and there wont be

any problem with carbon atoms.

The robots are delivered using encapsulated

capsules and can be used

according to our flexibility and requirement.

Can be flushed out through

urine.

Body compatible

?

CNTs? Dosage and removal?

Points to stress..(2)

Cost? Research? Investment?

CancerStatistics..

2008 2009 2015 203002468

101214161820

Column1sufferingdied

By National Cancer research institute, USA

Conclusion• From times immemorial man had been striving hard to uplift the technological capabilities and striving hard to develop innovative techniques.. • Still common man is suffering with basic fundamental problems like health.. So, we engineers should take it as responsibility to develop cost effective & common man friendly technologies.

Dedication•To the people struggled with Cancer and who are suffering now..

Lets Hope for a change

Reference

Cancer•http://www.cancerquest.org•Wiley: Drug Delivery: Principles and Applications

Nanorobots and parts

•Nano robotics by Robert A. Freitas Jr.•Molecular manufacturing by E Drexler.•A frame work for Bio-Electronics: Discovery and Innovation.•A frame work for Bio-Electronics: Discovery and Innovation.•Papers on Bio-Nano Electronics from Technology review by MIT and Scientific American INDIAN.

Nanotechnology

•Nanotechnology, A gentle Introduction to the Next Big Idea by Ratner and Ratner.2007•Introduction to Nanotechnology by Charles P.Poole, Frank J.Owens,2008•Articles from NanoDigest magazine. Nov 2009,Feb 2010

Queries..