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    Biolinguistics is the study of thebiology and evolution oflanguage. It is a highly

    interdisciplinary field, including linguists, biologists, neuroscientists, psychologists,

    mathematicians, and others.

    Origins

    The biolinguistic perspective began to take shape half a century ago, among the linguists

    influenced by the developments in biology and mathematics (1). Eric LennebergsBiological Foundations of Language remains a basic document of the field (3). In 1974,

    the first Biolinguistic conference was organized byMassimo Piattelli-Palmarini, bringing

    togetherevolutionary biologists, neuroscientists, linguists, and others interested in thedevelopment of language in the individual, its origins, and evolution (4). Biolinguistics,

    shifting the focus of investigation in linguistics to a comprehensive scheme that embraces

    natural sciences, promises to yield a framework by which we can understand thefundamentals of the faculty of language.

    Developments

    Recent work in theoretical linguisticsandcognitive studies at MITconstrues human

    language as a highly non-redundant species-specific system.Noam Chomskys latestcontribution to the study of the mind in general and language in particular is his

    minimalist approach to syntactic representations. This effort to understand how much of

    language can be given a principled explanation has resulted in the Minimalist Program

    (2). In syntax, lexical items are merged externally, building argument representations;next, the internal merge induces movement and creates constituent structures where each

    is part of a larger unit. This mechanism allows people to combine words into infinitestrings. If this is true, then the objective of biolinguists is to find out as much as we canabout the principles underlying mental recursion.

    Hypothesis

    It is possible that the core principles of the language faculty can be correlated to natural

    laws (such as for example, the Fibonacci sequence an array of numbers where eachconsecutive number is a sum of the two that precede it, see for example the discussion

    Urigereka 1997 and Carnie and Medeiros 2005) (5). According to the hypothesis being

    developed, the essential properties of language arise from nature itself: the efficient

    growth requirement appears everywhere, from the pattern of petals in flowers, leafarrangements in trees and the spirals of a seashell to the structure of DNA and

    proportions of human head and body. If this law applies to existing systems of cognition,both in humans and non-humans, then what allows our mind to create language? Could it

    be that a single cycle exists, a unique component of which gives rise to our ability to

    construct sentences, refer to ourselves and other persons, group objects and establish

    relations between them, and eventually understand each other? The answer to this

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lenneberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Piattelli-Palmarini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Piattelli-Palmarini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lenneberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Piattelli-Palmarini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
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    question will be a landmark breakthrough, not only within linguistics but in our

    understanding of cognition in general.

    Critics

    David Poeppel, a neuroscientist and linguist, has noted that if neuroscience andlinguistics are done wrong, there is a risk of "inter-disciplinary cross-sterilization",

    arguing that there is a Granularity Mismatch Problem, as different levels of

    representations used in linguistics and neural science lead to vague metaphors linkingbrain structures to linguistic components. Poeppel and Embick also introduce

    Ontological Incommensurability Problem, where computational processes described in

    linguistic theory cannot be restored to neural computational processes. He suggests thatneurolinguistic research should try to have theories of how brain encodes linguistic

    information and what could be cognitively realistic computation. [1]

    People in biolinguistics Noam Chomsky,MIT

    Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, University of Arizona

    David Poeppel, University of Maryland

    Karin Stromswold,Rutgers University

    W. Tecumseh Fitch,University of St. Andrews

    Marc D. Hauser, Harvard University

    Philip Lieberman, Brown University

    Derek Bickerton, University of Hawaii Lyle Jenkins, Biolinguistics Institute

    Kenneth Wexler, MIT Ray C. Dougherty,New York University (NYU)

    Alec Marantz, NYU/MIT

    Alona Soschen,

    Andrew Carnie University of Arizona

    Juan Uriagereka, University of Maryland

    David Medeiros, University of Arizona

    Charles Reiss, Concordia University

    See also

    Neurolinguistics

    References

    1. ^ Poeppel, David; Embick, David (2005). "Defining the Relation Between

    Linguistics and Neuroscience". in Anne Cutler. Twenty-First Century

    Psycholinguistics: Four Cornerstones. Lawrence Erlbaum.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolinguistics#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Piattelli-Palmarini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Poeppel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karin_Stromswold&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Tecumseh_Fitchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Tecumseh_Fitchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St._Andrewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_D._Hauserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Liebermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Bickertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyle_Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Wexler&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_C._Doughertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Marantzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alona_Soschen&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alona_Soschen&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carniehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Uriagereka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Uriagereka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Medeiros&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reisshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolinguistics#cite_ref-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolinguistics#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Piattelli-Palmarini&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Poeppel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karin_Stromswold&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Tecumseh_Fitchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St._Andrewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_D._Hauserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Liebermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Bickertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyle_Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Wexler&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_C._Doughertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Marantzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alona_Soschen&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carniehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Uriagereka&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Medeiros&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reisshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolinguistics#cite_ref-0
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    Conferences

    Biolinguistic Investigations Conference, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic,

    February 2007. http://www.biolinguistics.net

    Conference on Biolinguistics: Language Evolution and Variation, Universit di

    Venezia, June 2007. http://www.biolinguistics.uqam.ca

    The Journal of Biolinguistics. http://www.biolinguistics.eu

    http://www.biolinguistics.net/http://www.biolinguistics.uqam.ca/http://www.biolinguistics.eu/http://www.biolinguistics.net/http://www.biolinguistics.uqam.ca/http://www.biolinguistics.eu/
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    Biolinguistics adalah studi tentangbiologi dan evolusibahasa.It is a highly

    interdisciplinary field, including linguists , biologists, neuroscientists , psychologists,

    mathematicians, and others. Ini adalah sangat interdisipliner bidang, termasukahlibahasa, ahli biologi, ahli syaraf, psikolog, ahli matematika, dan lain-lain.

    Asal-usul

    The biolinguistic perspective began to take shape half a century ago, among the linguists

    influenced by the developments in biology and mathematics (1). Eric Lenneberg'sBiological Foundations of Language remains a basic document of the field (3). Perspektif

    yang biolinguistic mulai berbentuk setengah abad yang lalu, di antara para ahli bahasa

    dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan di bidang biologi dan matematika (1). Lenneberg Eric'sBiologis Foundations of Bahasa tetap menjadi dasar dari bidang dokumen (3). In 1974,

    the first Biolinguistic conference was organized by Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini ,

    bringing togetherevolutionary biologists, neuroscientists, linguists, and others interestedin the development of language in the individual, its origins, and evolution (4). Pada

    tahun 1974, Biolinguistic pertama konferensi ini diselenggarakan oleh Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, menyatukan evolusi biologi, ahli syaraf, ahli bahasa, dan orang lain yang

    tertarik dalam pengembangan bahasa dalam individu, asal-usulnya, dan evolusi (4).Biolinguistics, shifting the focus of investigation in linguistics to a comprehensive

    scheme that embraces natural sciences , promises to yield a framework by which we can

    understand the fundamentals of the faculty of language. Biolinguistics, mengalihkanfokus penyelidikan dalam linguistik untuk skema yang komprehensif yang mencakup

    ilmu-ilmu alam,menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan suatu kerangka dengan mana kita dapat

    memahami dasar-dasar kemampuan bahasa.

    PerkembanganRecent work in theoretical linguisticsandcognitive studies at MITconstrues human

    language as a highly non-redundant species-specific system.Noam Chomsky 's latest

    contribution to the study of the mind in general and language in particular is hisminimalist approach to syntactic representations. Baru-baru ini bekerja di teoretis

    linguistikdan kognitif studi diMIT menafsirkan bahasa manusia sebagai non-redundant

    yang sangat spesies-sistem tertentu.Noam Chomsky 's kontribusi terbaru terhadap kajianpikiran pada umumnya dan khususnya bahasa adalah pendekatan minimalis sintaksis

    representasi. This effort to understand how much of language can be given a principled

    explanation has resulted in the Minimalist Program (2). Upaya ini untuk mengerti berapa

    banyak bahasa dapat diberikan penjelasan berprinsip telah mengakibatkanProgramMinimalis (2). In syntax, lexical items are merged externally, building argument

    representations; next, the internal merge induces movement and creates constituent

    structures where each is part of a larger unit. Dalam sintaksis, leksikal digabungeksternal, membangun argumen representasi; berikutnya, menggabungkan internal

    gerakan mendorong dan menciptakan struktur konstituen di mana masing-masing adalah

    bagian dari unit yang lebih besar. This mechanism allows people to combine words intoinfinite strings. Mekanisme ini memungkinkan masyarakat untuk menggabungkan string

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  • 8/6/2019 Bio Lin Gui Tic

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    kata menjadi tak terbatas. If this is true, then the objective of biolinguists is to find out as

    much as we can about the principles underlying mentalrecursion. Jika ini benar, maka

    tujuan biolinguists adalah untuk mencari tahu sebanyak yang kita dapat tentang prinsip-prinsip mental yang mendasarirekursi.

    Hipotesis

    It is possible that the core principles of the language faculty can be correlated to natural

    laws (such as for example, the Fibonacci sequence an array of numbers where eachconsecutive number is a sum of the two that precede it, see for example the discussion

    Urigereka 1997 and Carnie and Medeiros 2005) (5). Ada kemungkinan bahwa prinsip-

    prinsip inti dari fakultas bahasa dapat dikorelasikan dengan hukum-hukum alam (sepertimisalnya, deret Fibonacci - sebuah array dari angka-angka di mana masing-masing

    nomor berturut-turut adalah jumlah kedua yang mendahului itu, lihat misalnya diskusi

    Urigereka 1997 dan Carnie dan Medeiros 2005) (5). According to the hypothesis beingdeveloped, the essential properties of language arise from nature itself: the efficient

    growth requirement appears everywhere, from the pattern of petals in flowers, leafarrangements in trees and the spirals of a seashell to the structure of DNA and

    proportions of human head and body. Menurut hipotesis yang dikembangkan, sifat-sifatesensial bahasa muncul dari alam itu sendiri: syarat pertumbuhan yang efisien muncul di

    mana-mana, mulai dari pola di kelopak bunga, daun pohon pengaturan dan spiral dari

    kulit kerang dengan struktur DNA dan proporsi kepala dan tubuh manusia. If this lawapplies to existing systems of cognition, both in humans and non-humans, then what

    allows our mind to create language? Jika hukum ini berlaku untuk sistem yang ada

    kognisi, baik pada manusia dan non-manusia, lalu apa yang memungkinkan pikiran kitauntuk menciptakan bahasa? Could it be that a single cycle exists, a unique component of

    which gives rise to our ability to construct sentences, refer to ourselves and other persons,

    group objects and establish relations between them, and eventually understand eachother? Mungkinkah siklus satu ada, komponen unik yang menimbulkan kemampuan kitauntuk membangun kalimat, merujuk kepada diri kita sendiri dan orang lain, kelompok

    benda-benda dan membangun hubungan di antara mereka, dan akhirnya mengerti satu

    sama lain? The answer to this question will be a landmark breakthrough, not only withinlinguistics but in our understanding of cognition in general. Jawaban atas pertanyaan ini

    akan menjadi landmark terobosan, tidak hanya dalam bahasa tetapi dalam pemahaman

    kita tentang kesadaran pada umumnya.

    Kritik

    David Poeppel, a neuroscientist and linguist, has noted that if neuroscience and

    linguistics are done wrong, there is a risk of "inter-disciplinary cross-sterilization",

    arguing that there is a Granularity Mismatch Problem , as different levels ofrepresentations used in linguistics and neural science lead to vague metaphors linking

    brain structures to linguistic components. David Poeppel, seorang ahli syaraf dan ahli

    bahasa, telah mencatat bahwa jika ilmu syaraf dan linguistik yang melakukan kesalahan,ada risiko "lintas disiplin antar-sterilisasi", dengan alasan bahwa ada suatu Granularity

    http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgyL_c0I7qWnuF_RkbkIkcnjNdH9whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgyL_c0I7qWnuF_RkbkIkcnjNdH9whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhijMWoSUjdsM7jpo8E7ChpaCHU9IQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgyL_c0I7qWnuF_RkbkIkcnjNdH9whttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj8DmQ_4zs-srv3b1lVq4t0AhhMGAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbiolinguistic%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26channel%3Ds%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DF7s%26sa%3DG&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgyL_c0I7qWnuF_RkbkIkcnjNdH9w
  • 8/6/2019 Bio Lin Gui Tic

    6/7

    Mismatch Soal, sebagai representasi tingkat yang berbeda yang digunakan dalam

    linguistik dan ilmu saraf menyebabkan metafora samar struktur otak untuk

    menghubungkan komponen linguistik. Poeppel and Embick also introduce Ontological

    Incommensurability Problem , where computational processes described in linguistic

    theory cannot be restored to neural computational processes. Poeppel dan juga

    memperkenalkan Ontologis Embickketakterbandingan Soal, di mana proses komputasiyang dijelaskan dalam teori linguistik tidak dapat dikembalikan ke proses komputasi

    saraf. He suggests that neurolinguistic research should try to have theories of how brain

    encodes linguistic information and what could be cognitively realistic computation.[ 1 ]

    Dia menunjukkan bahwa penelitian neurolinguistic harus mencoba untuk memiliki teori

    tentang bagaimana otak mengkodekan informasi linguistik dan apa yang bisa secara

    kognitif perhitungan realistis. [1]

    Orang-orang di biolinguistics

    Noam Chomsky ,MITNoam Chomsky,MIT

    Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini , University of ArizonaMassimo Piattelli-Palmarini,University of Arizona

    David Poeppel , University of MarylandDavid Poeppel,University of Maryland Karin Stromswold ,Rutgers UniversityKarin Stromswold,Rutgers University

    W. Tecumseh Fitch , University of St. AndrewsW. Tecumseh Fitch,University

    of St Andrews

    Marc D. Hauser, Harvard UniversityMarc D. Hauser,Harvard University

    Philip Lieberman , Brown UniversityPhilip Lieberman,Brown University

    Derek Bickerton , University of HawaiiDerek Bickerton,University of Hawaii

    Lyle Jenkins , Biolinguistics Institute Lyle Jenkins, Biolinguistics Institute

    Kenneth Wexler, MITKenneth Wexler,MIT

    Ray C. Dougherty ,New York University (NYU) Ray C. Dougherty,New YorkUniversity (NYU)

    Alec Marantz , NYU/MIT Alec Marantz, NYU / MIT

    Alona Soschen , Alona Soschen,

    Andrew Carnie University of Arizona Andrew Carnie University of Arizona

    Juan Uriagereka , University of MarylandJuan Uriagereka, University of

    Maryland

    David Medeiros , University of Arizona David Medeiros, University of Arizona

    Charles Reiss , Concordia University Charles Reiss, Concordia University

    Lihat pula

    Neurolinguistics Neurolinguistics

    Referensi

    1. ^ Poeppel, David; Embick, David (2005). ^ Poeppel, David; Embick, David(2005). "Defining the Relation Between Linguistics and Neuroscience".

    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