bio-based fuel research waste to resource steve safferman dana m kirk wei liao susie liu
TRANSCRIPT
Bio-Based Fuel ResearchWaste to Resource
Steve SaffermanDana M Kirk
Wei LiaoSusie Liu
WASTE TO ENERGYTECHNOLOGIES
DirectCombustion
Thermal Conversion
BiochemicalConversion
Pyrolysis LiquefactionGasification
AnaerobicDigestion
Thermochemical Deploymerization
Thermochemical Conversion
EthanolSynthesis
Algae
Andrew Wedel, McLanahan Corp.
Anaerobic Digestion
East Germany (Swine and Potatoes)
Scenic View Dairy
Minute Maid
Anaerobic Digestion
What does carbon look like in complex waste?
What does carbon look like in energy?
CaHbOc?d?e?f?g?h
CH4
H HC
H
H
Rozdilsky, J. 1997. Farm Based Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan: History, Current Status, and Future Outlook, 1997.
Biogas Energy Systems A Great Lakes Casebook, Great Lakes Regional Energy Program. Cliburn &
Associates, 1994
Anaerobic DigestionMicrobiology
Biogas
CH4 (50 – 60%)CO2 (40 – 50%)Other? (Trace)
HeatElectricityNatural Gas
DigestateFiberWaterNutrients
Scenic View Dairy, MI
Anaerobic DigestionMicrobiology
\
Solid liquid separation
Manure solids as bedding
Manure composite boards
Compost
Digestate
Revenue Sources
Energy Offset and/or Energy SalesCarbon CreditTipping Fees New IndustriesAll of the Above
Odor Control (Nuisance Avoidance) Water Treatment/Stabilization Emission Control
Greenhouse Gas Carbon Credit
Public Perception Liquid/Solid Separation Nutrient Availability Pathogen Reduction
Anaerobic Digestion Benefits
“Back of the Envelop” Energy Prediction
In MI, Avg. Person Requires 313 MBTU/year1 People in MI: 10,100,0001
0.012 MBTU/kg VS Added to Digester2,3
7,100,000 tons of Dry Biosolids Produced each Year4
Biosolids in Country Supports 183,000 People in MI (2%)2,3
Cows in MI: 325,0006
Cows manure in MI Supports 10,400 people (0.1%)2,3,6
1MI Depart. of Economic Development and Labor and Economic Growth, Energy Overview 2Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering3Peavy et al. Environmental Engineering 4WEF, Questions and Answers on Land Application of Biosolids5USDA National Statistics Service6Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste: Factors to Consider, Balsam, ATTRA Pub. IP219
Capital CostDaily Operation and MaintenanceTraining SafetySensitivityDisposal
----- ______ in _____Out -----
Anaerobic Digestion Costs
Revenue Sources
Energy Offset and/or Energy SalesCarbon CreditTipping Fees New IndustriesAll of the Above
Odor Control (Nuisance Avoidance) Water Treatment/Stabilization Emission Control
Greenhouse Gas Carbon Credit
Public Perception Liquid/Solid Separation Nutrient Availability Pathogen Reduction
Anaerobic Digestion Benefits
Anaerobic DigestionSystem Research
NaturalGas
Combined Heat &Power System
MethaneBiogas
AnaerobicDigester
Liquid/FiberSeparator
FiberProduction
LiquidStream
Organic Residues
CO2
Heat
Green HouseVegetableProduction
Algal Culture
Crop BiodieselAnimalFeed
FishMeal
Aquaculture &Hoop Agriculture
H2 & CH4 Production – Psychrotrophic Microbial Consortia
PsychrotrophicHydrogen Producing
Microorganisms
Psychrotrophic Methane Producing
Microorganisms
Animal Manure
Hydrogen Methane
Nutrients (C, N, P etc.)
Enhanced Enzyme Production
Organic AcidsLignocellulose
5 liter bench reactors for AD research 16s rRNA gene technologies
for analysis of microbial consortia
Algal production using AD effluent
Combustion of AD Biogas
AD Liquid
Effluent
Algal Culture System
Ethanol
Fertilizers
CO2
Value-Added Products
Fish Meal
Wastewater with less
N, P
Algal Biomass
Advanced Pond System
Algal Turf Scrubber System
Integrated Small-Scale Animal Manure Management System to Improve Energy Efficiency and Produce High-Value Co-Products
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
Is anaerobic digestion worth further exploration?
1. Determine Objectives2. Profile Facility/Facilities3. Screen Wastewater4. Predict Best Theoretical Potential5. Conduct Laboratory Experimentation6. Interpret Results7. Make Recommendations8. Professional Design
Anaerobic Digestion Feasibility
2. Profile Facility/Facilities
3. Screen Waste
• COD (soluble)• Volatile Solids • pH • Alkalinity• C/N/P• Toxicity
Carbofuran Lindane
Diazinon
PermethrinO
CH3
CH3OO
NHCH3
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
N
N
CH3
O P
O
O
CH3
CH3
SCH3
CH3
CH3CH3
OO
OCl Cl
OOH
Liu, Yan, Miller, S. A., Safferman, S. I. (2008). “Alternative Treatments of Food and Manure for Biogas Production.” Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, In Press (manuscript BIOFPR-08-0017.R1).
4. Predict Best Theoretical Potential
Anaerobic Respirometry
Real Time, Continuous Gas Measurement• Total volume• Rate (ml/hr)
5. Conduct Laboratory Experimentation
6. Interpret Results
Is anaerobic digestion worth further exploration?
1. Determine Objectives2. Profile Facility/Facilities3. Screen Wastewater4. Predict Best Theoretical Potential5. Conduct Laboratory Experimentation6. Interpret Results7. Make Recommendations8. Professional Design
Anaerobic Digestion Feasibility
MSU Anaerobic Digestion Research and Training Center
Comprehensively research, develop, evaluate, and educate on integrated anaerobic digestion systems, with an emphasis on cost effective and efficient technologies for small and medium sized dairy farms.
Theoretical modeling Bioassay evaluation and Lab and Bench scale research Anaerobic digester and algae facility at the MSU Dairy
Farm Pilot and commercial scale research at Green Meadow
Farms and Scenic View Dairy.
Anaerobic DigestionResearch
Dairy Cattle Teaching and Research and Teaching
Center
New Animal Air Quality Research
Center
Future Additions
ADDS
Proposed MSU ADRE Building
East Bay, Expansion Potential
High Bay
Research Bay, Typ.14 ft
15 ft
10 ft
East Bay, Expansion Potential
10 ft
18 ft
Wet Laborator
y
InstrumentLaboratory
Men’s Locker Room
Women’s Locker Room
15 ft
15 ftConference
Room
Stu
d.
Wor
k R
oom
Manager’s Office
Ent
ry 4 ft40 ft
82 ft
