Bilinguism andMultilinguism

Defintion

Bilingualism (Multilingualism)

Individual Bilingualism – the

use of two languages by an

individual

E.g., an individual who

speaks both English and

Spanish as described by

many of the informants in

the Hinton article

Societal Bilingualism – the use of

two (or more) languages within a

given community

E.g., the bilingual setting in

India, Canada, Switzerland,

Malaysia, etc.

Bilingualism

Bilingualism start from

dominate the first language

and then can dominate the

second language and make

the second language as

well as with the first

language in

communication.

Bloomfield (1933:56),

“Bilingualism is speaker’

ability use two languages as

well as.”

Bilingualism

Bilingualism is the use of two

languages by the speakers in

the interaction with other

people. Mackey (in Chaer and

Agustina 2004:84).

According to Mackey there are four aspects to facilitate discussions

about bilingual

Level of Ability

Function

Substitution between languages (alternation)

InterferenceShifting language (Language shift)

Convergence (convergence)

Level of Ability

The language ability will appear on the four skills, namely listening, reading, speaking, and writing.

Function

Internal factors External factors

Internal usage

AptitudeContacts Variable

Substitution between language fluency and also

depends on the external and internal functions.

Conditions speakers switch languages invented

by at least three things: topic of conversation,

people involved, and tension.

Interference is an error that caused

entrainment habits of speech or language

into the language of maternal dialect.

When a new group comes to other

places and mingled with the local group

then it will pass the language shift

(language shift).

Meet activities and mainly move

towards unity and uniformity.

When Sumpah Pemuda

Language - the language of the area has a natural addition to coaching and development of the language and culture of Indonesia.

A mixed marriage between tribes

Transfer of population from one region to another

Interaction between ethnic groups

the profession and the interests of life.

Multilingualism

Multilingualism is a society that has several languages. Such communities occur because some ethnic communities that helped shape an ethnically plural society can be regarded as (plural society). (Sumarsonoand Paina Partana, 2002: 76).

Societal Bilingualism – the

use of two (or more)

languages within a given

community

E.g., the bilingual

setting in India,

Canada, Switzerland,

Malaysia, etc.

The Formation

Multi-language

ColonizationMigration

Federation

The Various Language in the Border

Region