big sun – solar power from nord africa

Tripoli, January 2006Tripoli, January 2006 11P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord AfricaNord Africa

BIG SUN – solar power BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africafrom Nord Africa

PROF. DR. PETER NOVAKPROF. DR. PETER NOVAK

ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANAENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA

SLOVENIASLOVENIA

Tripoli, January 2006Tripoli, January 2006 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord AfricaNord Africa

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ROLE OF ELECTRICITY IN SOCIETIESROLE OF ELECTRICITY IN SOCIETIES

• ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY is a basic final energy need for present and future is a basic final energy need for present and future societiessocieties

• ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY production/ consumptionproduction/ consumption GROWTH GROWTH in the world in in the world in last 30 yearslast 30 years (1972 -2002) was almost linear with yearly additions of(1972 -2002) was almost linear with yearly additions of 33443 TWh/y or 5,3 TWh/y or 5,66%% reaching in 2002 production of reaching in 2002 production of 16.054 TWh/y16.054 TWh/y

• ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PRO CAPITA ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PRO CAPITA in 2002 in the world in 2002 in the world varies extremely and lies between varies extremely and lies between 27 kWh/cap27 kWh/cap in Etiopia and in Etiopia and 27.764 kWh/cap27.764 kWh/cap on Iceland (1: 1000) on Iceland (1: 1000)

• World fossil fuel consumption for the electricity production grew from World fossil fuel consumption for the electricity production grew from 20,9% to 34,3% of TPES20,9% to 34,3% of TPES

• COCO22 EMISSONS are growing at the same rate as production of EMISSONS are growing at the same rate as production of

electricityelectricity


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ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION INGENERATION IN EU EU

Predicted installed capacity of differentPredicted installed capacity of different generatinggenerating capacities in capacities in 15 15 EU states (EU states (GGW)W)**

2000 2010 2020 2030 growth %• Nuclear 136.4 135.1 117.2 45.6 - 66,5 ??• Coal and Lignite 166.1 101.1 36.9 9.5 - 94,3 ??• Open Cycle multi-fired 68.7 60.2 122.3 244.6 256• Open Cycle IPP 33.1 25 20.5 15.1 - 54,4• GTCC 59 208.7 305 354.3 500,5 ??• Small GT 25.2 45.2 79.2 96.6 283,3 ??• Clean Coal and Lignite 0.5 3.4 26.6 37 7300 !!!• Biomass-Waste 4.4 4.7 6 6.5 47,7• Fuel Cells 0 0 0 1.3 ---• Hydro-Renewables 119.2 133.7 158 170.7 43,2• TOTALS 612.6 717.1 871.7 981.2 60,2*The Liberalisation of Europe's Electricity Markets –pg.12, 2000


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EU RE TARGETEU RE TARGETRenewable Electricity Targets In the EU White PaperRenewable Electricity Targets In the EU White Paper[1]..

Actual in 1995Actual in 1995 Projection for 2010Projection for 2010

Type of EnergyType of Energy TWhTWh %Total%Total TWhTWh %% Total Total

TotalTotal 2,3662,366 2,8702,870Pre -KyotoPre -Kyoto

WindWind 44 0.20.2 8080 2.82.8

Total HydroTotal Hydro 307307 1313 355355 12.412.4

Photovoltaic’sPhotovoltaic’s 0.030.03 -- 33 0.10.1

BiomassBiomass 22.522.5 0.950.95 230230 8.08.0

GeothermalGeothermal 3.53.5 0.150.15 77 0.20.2

Total Renewable EnergiesTotal Renewable EnergiesInstaled power (Cf~0,44) Instaled power (Cf~0,44)

GWGW

337337

87,387,3

14.314.3 675675 23.523.5

174,8174,8

[1] White Paper, table 3, page 50 White Paper, table 3, page 50

New generating capacity: fossil fuel to 2010 104,5 GW* New generating capacity: fossil fuel to 2010 104,5 GW* to 2030to 2030 368,6 GW* 368,6 GW*

* 50 % new, 50 % replacement* 50 % new, 50 % replacement

+87,5


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CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESCONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES Solar chimneySolar chimney

For medium power, simple design, reliable (?)For medium power, simple design, reliable (?)

Low efficency, integrated storage, Low efficency, integrated storage,

aproppriate for hybridization with CSP, aproppriate for hybridization with CSP,

little experiencelittle experience


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DESIGN CONCEPTDESIGN CONCEPT

• ESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITYESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITY• EU 25 ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN 2010: EU 25 ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN 2010: > 3000 > 3000

TWh (2711 TWh in 2002)TWh (2711 TWh in 2002)• INVESTMENT PLAN TO 2030: INVESTMENT PLAN TO 2030: 184, 3 GW184, 3 GW FOR REPLACEMENT FOR REPLACEMENT

AND AND 184,3 GW184,3 GW NEW PP NEW PP• RENEWABLE ENERGY SHEAR: RENEWABLE ENERGY SHEAR: 87,5 GW87,5 GW

• In 25 years In 25 years 14 744 MW14 744 MW PP to be build per year ! PP to be build per year !• 50 % of them can be build in SAHARA as 50 % of them can be build in SAHARA as

SUSTAINABLE, POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITYSUSTAINABLE, POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITY


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SOLAR THERMAL POWER and PV PLANT AREASOLAR THERMAL POWER and PV PLANT AREA• 1000 MW unit, consisting of: 1 x 200 MW solar chimney: 5000 x 5000 m1000 MW unit, consisting of: 1 x 200 MW solar chimney: 5000 x 5000 m

3 x 200 MW ISCCS: 3 x 6100 x 700 m 3 x 200 MW ISCCS: 3 x 6100 x 700 m

1 x 200 MW PV 1 x 200 MW PV 1 x 5000 x 1 x 5000 x 500 m500 m

Total land use for 1 GW plant: 6800 x 6400 m = 43, 52 kmTotal land use for 1 GW plant: 6800 x 6400 m = 43, 52 km22

Total efficiency: solar chimney: 3,0 %Total efficiency: solar chimney: 3,0 %

ISCCS: 12,5%ISCCS: 12,5%

PV: 10,5%PV: 10,5%

Capacity factor: Capacity factor: 0,5 0,5

Yearly electricity production: 3,862 TWhYearly electricity production: 3,862 TWh

Number of units build per year: 7Number of units build per year: 7


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6 x 100 MW ISCCS

2 x 100 PV

1 x 200 MW

SOLAR POWER STATION 1 GW+ ~ 200 WIND TURBINE (~ 7X7 KM)

2 x 100 MW PV

6 x 100 MW ISCCS

SOLAR POWER PLANT 1 GW + ~200 WG

Location: 31°N;23°E; Land use:~ 7 x 7 kmP. Novak, Energotech, SI

Solar chimney 200 MW


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CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER ECONOMICS CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER ECONOMICS

Peak capacity factor on 6h basis: 90 -95% with fossil hybrid or thermal storage

Annual capacity factor: Cf ~ 40-50 %

Debt Interest Rate: 9,5%

Equity IRR: 15%

Performans waranty: 1-5 y

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY


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CPS ECONOMICSCPS ECONOMICS

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT - ISCCS(www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/overview.htlm)


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How to start ?How to start ?

1. With donation of the land to the one of international organization (UNESCO; UNDP; UNEP) – 99 year contrac

2. Organizing the international activities to build the first unit from donation and privat/public partnership

3. Seling the green electricity to the Europe and other interested countrie4. Clean income should be used for activities of UN org. (e.g. UNESCO tc.)5. Benefits:

1. UN organization become finantial les depended to help the African countries2. Europe will be supplied with sustainable electricity from independent

organization3. Expirence will be collected for the next units4. The next units can be commercial

6. Questions?1. Can we find the donor?2. Will the UNO accept the proposal and will be in position to realize the job


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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• The question of solar electricity production on The question of solar electricity production on large scale in Nord Africa is not: large scale in Nord Africa is not:

““can we do, but, whay we not do”can we do, but, whay we not do”

THANK THANK YOUYOU

big sun – solar power from nord africa

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