BIBLIOGRAPHY

GENERAL SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Among the general histories of this period the most useful for Scottish politics remain volumes three and four of the Edinburgh History of Scotland, G. Donaldson, Scotland. James V to James VII (Edinburgh, 1965), and W, Ferguson, Scotland. 1689 to the Present (Edinburgh, 1968). M. Lynch, Scotland. A New History (London, 1991) is a useful read and is more up to date. R. Mitchison, Lordship to Patronage. Scotland 1603-1745 (London, 1983) is less satisfactory on political and religious issues. The specific question of Anglo-Scottish relations is addressed in W. Ferguson, Scotland$ Relations with England. A Survey to 1707 (Edinburgh, 1977), and in B. P. Levack, The Formation of the British State. England, Scotland and the Union 1603-1707 (Oxford, 1987). Still of some value is D. Nobbs, England and Scotland 1560-1707 (London, 1952). A very quick introduction to the subject is D. Stevenson, 'The century of the three kingdoms', in ]. Wormald (ed.), Scotland revisited (London, 1991), 107-18. For an old fashioned Anglocentric world view see H. R. Trevor-Roper, 'The union of Britain in the seventeenth century', in H. R. Trevor Roper, Religion, the Reformation and Social Change (London, 1967), pp. 445-67.

Scottish politics of the seventeenth century cannot be understood without some idea of what was going on in England and Ireland. Easily accessible general histories of England are D. Hirst, Authority and Conflict. England 1603-58 (London, 1986), and ]. R.Jones, Country and Court. England 1658-1714 (London, 1986). On Ireland see M. MacCurtain, Tudor and Stuart Ireland (Dublin, 1972), and

SHR Scottish Historical Review RSCHS Records of the Scottish Church History Society

197

Bibliography

B. Fitzpatrick, Seventeenth-century Ireland. The Wars of Religion (Dublin, 1988).

There are very few successful general British histories for this or any other period, but H. Kearney, The British Isles. A History of Four Nations (Cambridge, 1989) is the best. Also of some interest isM. Hechter, Internal Colonialism: the Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966 (London, 1975), and R. S. Thompson, The Atlantic Archi­pelago. A Political History of the British Isles (Lewiston/Queenston, 1986).

1 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

Most of what is known about Scottish government in the seventeenth century is scattered throughout the political histories of the period, and there is very little in the way of studies of political institutions. One attempt to investigate kingship over the course of the entire period is K. M. Brown, 'The vanishing emperor', in R. Mason (ed.), Scots and Britons. Political Thought and the Union of 1603 (forthcoming, Cambridge, 1993). Other studies of particular kings can be found in the bibliographies for later chapters. Still of some use is]. A. Lovat­Fraser, 'The constitutional position of the Scottish monarch prior to the union', Law Qyarterly Review, 17 (1901), 252-7. The best introduction to the political role of the court is N. Cuddy, 'The revival of the entourage: the bedchamber of James VI in administration and politics 1603-1625', in D. Starkey (ed.), The English Court from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War (Harlow, 1987), pp. 173-225. One interesting aspect of absentee administration is discussed in J. Imrie, 'The royal castles and palaces of Scotland, 1616-1650. An aspect of remote administration', in S. Dyrvik, K. Mykland and]. Oldervoll (eds), The Satellite State (Bergen, 1979), pp. 141-56.

There is no satisfactory study of the Scottish parliament other than C. S. Terry, Scottish Parliaments, 1603-1707 (Glasgow, 1905), and R. S. Rait, The Parliaments of Scotland (Glasgow, 1924). Remarkably there is no study of the privy council. The business of taxation and crown finance has received some uneven attention, and an idea of how government finances were administered can be gleaned from J. Goodare, 'Parliamentary taxation in Scotland, 1560-1603', SHR, 68 (1989), 23-52; A. L. Murray, 'Sir John Skene and the exchequer, 1594-1612', in Miscellany One, Stair Society (Edinburgh, 1971), 125-55; D. Stevenson, 'The king's Scottish revenues and the covenanters, 1625-1651', Historical Journa~ 17 (1974): 17-41;

198

Bibliography

D. Stevenson, 'Financing the cause of the covenants, 1638-51 ', SHR, 51 (1972): 89-123; A. L. Murray, 'The Scottish treasury, 1667-1708', SHR, 45 (1966): 89-104. For the court of session seeR. K Hannay, The College of justice (Glasgow, 1933). Other branches of the system of formal justice are dealt with inS. J. Davies, 'The court and the Scottish legal system 1600-1747: the case of Stirlingshire', in V. A .C. Gatrell, B. Lenman and G. Parker (eds), Crime and the Law. The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (London, 1980), pp. 120-54; and W. R. Foster, 'The operation of presbyteries in Scotland 1600-1638', RSCHS, 15 (1966), 21-33. Some discussion of the changes made to Scottish government by the immediate impact of the treaty of union is found in P. W. J. Riley, The English Ministers and Scotland 1707-1727 (London, 1964).

2 POUTICAL ELITES

For the most useful background to the Scottish aristocracy in the early seventeenth century see J. Wormald, 'Bloodfeud, kindred and government in early modern Scotland', Past and Present, 87 (1980), 54-97; J. M. Wormald, Lords and Men in Scotland. Bonds of Manrent, 1442-1603 (Edinburgh, 1985); K M. Brown, Bloodfeud in Scotland 1573-1625. Violence, Justice and Politics in an Early Modern Society (Edinburgh, 1986); K M. Brown, 'The nobility of jacobean Scotland 1567-1625', in J. Wormald (ed.), Scotland Revisited (London, 1991), 61-72. For the highlands R. A. Dodgshon, 'Pretense of blude' and 'place of thair dwelling': the nature of Scottish clans, 1500-1745', in R. A. Houston and I. D. Whyte (eds), ScoUish Society 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 169-98; R. A. Dodgshon, 'West highland chiefdoms, 1500-1745: a study in redistributive exchange', in R. Mitchison and P. Roebuck (eds), Economy and Society in Scot­land and Ireland 1500-1939 (Edinburgh, 1988), pp. 27-37; and L. Leneman, Living in AthoU 1685-1785 (Edinburgh, 1986). The economics of the nobility in the years before the covenanting revolution are discussed in K M. Brown, 'Aristocratic finances and the origins of the Scottish revolution', English Historical Review, 54 (1989): 46-87, and K M. Brown, 'Noble indebtedness in Scotland between the reformation and the revolution', Historical Research, 62 (1989): 260-75. For the general question of estate management and agricultural developments see I. Whyte, Agriculture and Society in Seventeenth Century Scotland (Edinburgh, 1979). The military dimension to aristocratic power is evident in K M. Brown, 'From

199

Bibliography

Scottish lords to British officers: state building, elite integration, and the army in the seventeenth century', in N. Macdougall (ed.), Scotland and War AD79-1918 (Edinburgh, 1991), pp. 133-69; K. M. Brown, 'Gentlemen and thugs in seventeenth century Britain', History Today, 40 (1990): 27-32; B. P. Lenman, 'Militia, fencible men, and home defence, 1660-1797', in Macdougall (ed.), Scotland and War, pp. 170-92. Aristocratic social mores are the subject ofT. Innes, Scots Heraldry (Edinburgh, 1956), and D. Stevenson, 'The English devill of keeping state', in N. Macdougall and R. A. Mason (eds), People and Power in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1992). J. Macaulay, The Classical Country House of Scotland (London, 1987), and R. K. Marshall, The Days of Duchess Anne. Life in the Household of the Duchess of Hamilton 1656-1716 (London, 1973) describe aristocratic society. The issue of anglicisation is discussed in K. M. Brown, 'Aristocracy, anglicisation and the court, 1603-38', British Historicaljourna~ forthcoming.

Some idea of the social authority of the clergy can be gauged from B. Lenman, 'The limits of godly discipline in the early modern period with particular reference to England and Scotland', in K. von Greyerz (ed.), Religion and Society in Early Modern Europe 1500-1800 (London, 1984), pp. 124-45; W. Makey, The Church of the Covenant 163 7-1651. Revolution and Social Change in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1979); L. M. Smith, 'Sackcloth for the sinner or punishment for the crime? Church and secular courts in Cromwellian Scotland', in J. L. Dwyer, R. A. L. Mason and A. Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives on the Politics and Culture of Early Modern Scotland (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 116-32; R. D. Brackenridge, 'The enforcement of Sunday observance in post­revolution Scotland 1689-1733', RSCHS, 17 (1969), 33-45.

Urban elites have received a fair amount of attention in recent years. M. Lynch, 'Continuity and change in urban society, 1500-1700', in Houston and Whyte ( eds), Scottish Society, pp. 85-117, and M. Lynch, 'Introduction: Scottish towns 1500-1700', in M. Lynch (ed.), The Early Modern Town in Scotland (London, 1987), pp. 1-35 provide the best introduction. More detailed studies are M. Lynch, 'The crown and the burghs 1500-1625 ', in Lynch ( ed.), The Early Modern Town, pp. 55-80; J. J. Brown, 'Merchant princes and mercantile investment in early seventeenth-century Scotland', in Lynch ( ed.), The Early Modern Town, pp. 125-46; D. Stevenson, 'The burghs and the Scottish revolution', in Lynch (ed.), The Early Modern Town, pp. 167-91; W. Coutts, 'Provincial merchants and society: a study of Dumfries based on the registers of testaments 1600-1665', in Lynch (ed.), The Early Modern Town, pp. 167-91; K. M. Brown, 'Burghs, lords and feuds in Jacobean Scotland', in Lynch (ed.), The Early

200

Bibliography

Modern Town, pp. 102-24; A. I. Macinnes, 'Covenanting, revolution and municipal enterprise', in Wormald (ed.), Scotland Revisited, pp. 97-106; T. C. Smout, 'The Glasgow merchant community in the seventeenth century', SHR, 47 (1968), 53-70; T. M. Devine 'The Scottish merchant community, 1680-1740', in R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner ( eds), The Origins and Nature of the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 26-41; T. M. Devine, 'The social composition of the business class in the larger Scottish towns, 1680-1740', in T. M. Devine and D. Dickson (eds), Ireland and Scotland 1600-1850 (Edinburgh, 1983), pp. 163-76.

For the legal profession G. Donaldson, 'The legal profession in Scottish society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries', Juridical Review, n.s. 21 (1976): 1-19 is the best introduction. For more specific topics see D. Stevenson, 'The covenanters and the court of session, 1637-1650', juridical Review, n.s. 17 (1972): 227-47; A. Murdoch, 'The advocates, the law and the nation in early modern Scotland', in W. Prest ( ed.), Lawyers in early modern Europe and America (London, 1981), pp. 147-63; B. P. Levack, 'The proposed union of English law and Scots law in the seventeenth century', Juridical Review, n.s. 20 (1975): 97-115; R. Feenstra, 'Scottish-Dutch legal relations in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries', in T. C. Smout (ed.), Scotland and Europe 1200-1850 (Edinburgh, 1986), pp. 128-42; and N. Phillipson, 'The social structure of the faculty of advocates in Scotland, 1661-1840', in A. Harding (ed.), Law Making and Law Makers in British History (London, 1980), pp. 146-56.

3 POLITICAL IDEAS

A rare study of the sophisticated media employed by royal patrons in seventeenth-century Scotland is S. Bruce and S. Yearly, 'The social construction of tradition: the restoration portraits and the kings of Scotland', in D. McCrone, S. Kendrick and P. Straw (eds), The Making of Scotland: Nation, Culture and Social Change (Edinburgh, 1989), pp. 175-88. A sketchy account of royalist iconography can be found in M. G. H. Pittock, The Invention of Tradition. The Stewart Myth and the Scottish Identity, 1638 to the Present (London, 1991). For the court see G. Parry, The Golden Age Restor'd. The Culture of the Stuart Court, 1603-42 (Manchester, 1981), pp. 1-63, and R. M. Smuts, Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England (Philadelphia, 1987). Masonic lodges are the subject of D. Stevenson, The First Freemasons. Scotland s Early Lodges and their Members (Aberdeen,

201

Bibliography

1988). What little is known of the theatre is found in A. Cameron, 'Theatre in Scotland 1660-1800', in A. Hook (ed.), The History of Scottish Literature, Vol. 2 (Aberdeen, 1989}, pp. 191-5. For the political ballad and song, W. Donaldson, The Jacobite Song: Political Myth and National Identity (Aberdeen, 1988); W. Gillies, 'Gaelic: the classical tradition', in R. D.Jack (ed.), The History of Scottish Literature, Vol. 1, Origins to 1660 (Aberdeen, 1988), pp. 245-60. The growth of printing and of literacy is chronicled in H. C. Aldis, A List of Books Printed in Scotland before 1700 (Edinburgh, 1970), and R. Houston, Scottish Literacy and the Scottish Identity 1600-1800 (Cambridge, 1985). For censorship see D. Stevenson, 'A revolutionary regime and the press: the covenanters and their printers', The Library, 6th series, 7 (1985): 315-37; J. Buckroyd, 'Mercurius Caledonius and its immediate successors, 1661', SHR, 54 (1975): 11-21, and M. Steele, 'Anti-jacobite pamphleteering, 1701-1720', SHR, 60 (1981): 140-55.

The underlying conservatism of Scottish political thought before George Buchanan is demonstrated in R. A. Mason, 'Kingship, tyr­anny and the right to resist in fifteenth century Scotland', SHR, 66 (1987): 125-51, and R. A. Mason, 'Covenant and commonweal: the language of politics in Reformation Scotland', inN. Macdougall (ed.), Church, Politics and Society: Scotland 1408-1929 (Edinburgh, 1983}, pp. 97-126. The same author effectively describes the essence of the debate between Buchanan and James VI in R. A. Mason, 'A king by divine right: George Buchanan, James VI and the presbyterians', in Mason (ed.), Scots and Britons, forthcoming. James's own political ideas are outlined inJ. Wormald, James VI and I, Basilikon doron and The trew law of free monarchies. the Scottish context and the English tradition', in L. L. Peck (ed.), The Mental World of the Jacobean Court (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 36-54. The literature on later royalist ideas is very thin, but see D. Reid, 'Royalty and self-absorption in Drummond's poetry', Studies in Scottish Literature, 22 (1987): 115-31; I. M. Smart, 'Monarchy and toleration in Drummond of Hawthornden's works', Scotia, 4 (1980): 44-50; T.l. Rae, 'The political attitudes of William Drummond of Hawthornden', in G. W. S. Barrow (ed.), The Scottish Tradition. Essays in Honour of Ronald Cant (Edinburgh, 1974), pp. 132-46. D. Stevenson, 'The 'Letter on sovereign power' and the influence of Jean Bodin on political thought in Scotland', Scottish Historical Review, 61 (1982): 25-43 analyses the royalist reaction to the covenanters. Of some use in describing royalist ideas for this period, albeit from an English perspective is J.P. Sommerville, Politics and Ideology in England 1603-1640 (Harlow, 1986), pp. 9-56. For the restoration revival of royalist ideas see

202

Bibliography

H. Ouston, 'York in Edinburgh: James VII and the patronage of learning', in Dwyer, Mason and Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives, pp. 133-55, and H. Ouston, 'Cultural life from the restoration to the union', in Hook (ed.), The History of Scottish Literature, Vol. 2, pp. 11-32.

Turning to the alternative tradition, George Buchanan's funda­mental importance is underlined in J. H. Burns, 'The political ideas of George Buchanan', SHR. 30 (1951): 60-8, and R. A. Mason, 'Rex stoicus: George Buchanan,James VI and the Scottish polity', in Dwyer, Mason and Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives, pp. 9-33. The ideas of the covenanters still require comprehensive treatment, but a clear introduction is I. M. Smart, 'The political ideas of the Scottish covenanters, 1638-88', History of Political Thought, 1 (1980): 167-93; S. A. Burrell, 'The covenant idea as a revolutionary symbol: Scotland, 1596-1637', Church History, 27 (1958): 338-50; S. A. Burrell, 'The apocalyptic vision of the early covenanters', SHR. 63 (1964): 1-24. More detail on the national covenant can be found in M. Steele, 'The 'Politick Christian': the theological background to the national covenant', in J. Morrill ( ed.), The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context 1638-1651 (Edinburgh, 1990), pp. 31-67, and E.J. Cowan, 'The making of the national covenant', in]. Morrill (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 68-89. On Rutherford see W. M. Campbell, 'Lex rex and its author', RSCHS, 7 (1941): 204-28, and]. D. Ford, 'Lex rex justo posita: Samuel Rutherford on the origins of government', in Mason (ed.), Scots and Britons, forthcoming. For the later covenanters see the idiosyncratic V. G. Kiernan, 'A banner with a strange device: the later covenanters', in T. Brotherstone (ed.), Covenant, Charter and Party. Traditions of Revolt and Protest in Modern Scottish History (Aber­deen, 1989), pp. 25-49. Very little indeed is known about the political thoughts of the 1688-9 revolutionaries, but a good background to the subject is J. Kenyon, Revolution Principles. The Politics of Party 1689-1720 (Cambridge, 1977). The one recent attempt to engage the issue has been dismissive of ideology, B. P. Lenman, 'The poverty of political theory in the Scottish revolution 1689-90', in L. Schwoerer (ed.), The Glorious Revolution 1688-89: Changing Perspectives (Cambridge, 1992). For some insights into Fletcher,]. Robertson, The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 1-59 is useful.

Questions about the ideology surrounding the church-state argu­ment again have attracted more interest among historians of the later sixteenth century. Some idea of the religious temperament of the age can be gleaned from G. Donaldson, 'The emergence of schism in seventeenth century Scotland', in G. Donaldson, Scottish Church

203

Bibliography

History (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 204-19. A good starting point for presbyterian ideas is M. Lynch, 'Calvinism in Scotland, 1559-1638', in M. Prestwich (ed.), International Calvinism 1541-1715 (Oxford, 1985), pp. 225-55. There is little presbyterian literature distinctly dealing with this issue which is not already cited above. On the whole episcopal ideas have been more thoroughly researched in recent years. See D. G. Mullan, Episcopacy in Scotland. The History of an Idea 1560-1638 (Edinburgh, 1986); D. Stewart, 'The "Aberdeen Doctors" and the covenanters', RSCHS, 22 (1984): 35-44; and B. P. Lenman, 'The Scottish episcopal clergy and the ideology of jacobitism', in E. Cruickshanks ( ed.), Ideology and Conspiracy: Aspects of jacobitism 1689-1759 (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 36-48.

On the sixteenth century background to the British debate R. A. Mason, 'Scotching the Brut: politics, history and national myth in sixteenth century Britain', in R. A. Mason (ed.), Scotland and England 1286-1815 (Edinburgh, 1987), pp. 60-84 is the best introduction. The early seventeenth century is well covered by A. H. Williamson, Scottish National Consciousness in the Age of james VI (Edinburgh, 1979), and B. Galloway, The Union of England and Scotland 1603-1608 (Edinburgh, 1986). Also of use is A. H. Williamson, 'Scotland, antichrist and the invention of Great Britain', in Dwyer, Mason and Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives (Edinburgh, 1980), pp. 34-58. On the early unionist propagandists see B. Macgregor, 'The propagandists and the union of 1603 ', Scottish Tradition, 15 (1989): 24-30, and B. R. Galloway and B. P. Levack (eds), The jacobean Union. Six Tracts of 1604 (Scottish History Society, Edinburgh, 1985). For the later seventeenth century see W. Ferguson, 'Imperial crowns: a neglected facet of the background to the treaty of union of1707', SHR, 53 (1974): 22-44, andJ. Robertson, 'Andrew Fletcher's vision of union', in Mason (ed.), Scotland and England, pp. 203-25. More generally B. P. Levack, 'Toward a more perfect union: England, Scotland and the constitution', in B. C. Malament ( ed.), After the Reformation: Essays in Honor of J H. Hexter (Manchester, 1980), pp. 57-74 lays out some of the main arguments throughout the century. Royalist propaganda encouraging British ideas can be detected from S. T. Bindoff, 'The Stuarts and their style', English Historical Review, 40 (1945): 192-216; J. W. Bennet, 'Britain among the fortunate isles', Studies in Philology, 3 (1956): 114-40; G. Parry, The Seventeenth Century. The Intellectual and Cultural Context of English Literature, 1603-1700 (Harlow, 1989), pp. 9-27; R. Strong, Britannia Triumphans: Inigo jones, Rubens and Whitehall Palace (London, 1980); D. J. Gordon, Hymenai; Ben johnson$ Masque of Union (Berkley and Los

204

Bibliography

Angeles, 1980); M.J. Enright, 'King James and his island: an archaic kingship belief, SHR, 55 (1976): 29-40. The English reaction to the idea of Britain can be uncovered in H. A. Macdougall, Racial Myth in English History. Trojans, Teutons and Anglo Saxons (Monreal, 1982); S.J. Piggott, Ancient Britons and the Antiquarian Tradition. Ideas from the Renaissance to the Regency (London, 1989).

4 THE IMPERIAL EXPERIMENT, 1603-37

A good introduction to the politics of James VI's reign isJ. M. Brown, 'Scottish politics 1567-1625', in A. G. R. Smith (ed.), The Reign of James VI and I (London, 1973). The best political narrative for the latter half of the reign is M. Lee, Government by Pen. Scotland under James VI and I (Urbana, 1980). However, essential reading for understanding how James operated after 1603 is]. Wormald, james VI and I: two kings or one?', History 68 (1983): 187-209. Also useful isM. Lee, Great Britain$ Solomon. James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms (Urbana, 1990). An interesting, if uncritical, discussion of James's privy council is M. Lee, james VI's government of Scodand after 1603', SHR, 55 (1976): 41-53. The same author also argues that James sought to undercut aristocratic power in government, M. Lee, james VI and the aristocracy', Scotia, 1 (1977): 18-23. For the union there is, in addition to what is cited above, D. H. Willson, james I and Anglo-Scottish unity', in W. A. Aiken and B. D. Hennings (eds), Conflict in Stuart England (London, 1960), 41-55. A useful study of a Jacobean unionist is M. Perceval-Maxwell, 'Sir William Alexander of Menstrie, 1567-1640', Scottish Tradition 11 (1981): 14-25. Union and colonisation is the subject of M. Perceval-Maxwell, The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James I (London, 1973). The economic context is found in S. G. E. Lythe, The Economy of Scotland in its European Setting 1550-1625 (Edinburgh, 1960); S. G. E. Lythe, 'The union of the crowns in 1603 and the debate on economic integration', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 5 (1958): 219-28; T. M. Devine and S. G. E. Lythe, 'The economy of Scodand under James VI: a revision article', SHR, 50 (1971): 91-106.

For Charles I the best political narrative is M. Lee, The Road to Revolution. Scotland under Charles I 1625-37 (Urbana, 1985). See too Professor Lee's provocative 'Scodand and the 'General Crisis' of the seventeenth century', SHR, 63 (1984): 136-54, and his 'Charles I and the end of conciliar government in Scodand', Albion 12 (1980): 315-36. However, for a different interpretation see

205

Bibliography

A. I. Macinnes, Charles I and the Making of the Covenanting Movement 1625-1641 (Edinburgh, 1991). Of limited use is C. Carleton, Charles I. The Personal Monarch (London, 1983), and D. Mathew, Scotland under Charles I (London, 1955).

On the development of church administration see W. R. Foster, The Church Before the Covenants. The Church of Scotland 1596-1638 (Edinburgh, 1975), and G. I. R. McMahon, 'The Scottish courts of high commission 1610-1638', RSCHS, 15 (1966): 193-209. The important career of John Spottiswoode is the subject of]. Kirk, Archbishop Spottiswoode and the See of Glasgow (Glasgow, 1988), and A. B. Bircher, 'Archbishop John Spottiswoode, chancellor of Scotland, 1635-1638', Church History 39 (1970): 317-26. A useful insight into James's developing religious ideas is K. Fincham and P. Lake, 'The ecclesiastical policy of James I' ,Journal of British Studies, 24 (1985), 169-207. English influences in Scotland are discussed in G. Donaldson, 'The attitude of Whitgift and Bancroft to the Scottish church', TRHS, 4th series, 24 (1942): 95-115; H. Watt, 'William Laud and Scotland', RSCHS, 7 (1941): 171-90; and C. Carlton, Archbishop Laud (London and New York, 1987), pp. 154-61. On the liturgical reforms see I. B. Cowan, 'The five articles of Perth', in D. Shaw (ed.), Reformation and Revolution (Edinburgh, 1967), pp. 160-77; P. H. R. Mackay, 'The reception given to the five articles of Perth', RSCHS, 19 (1977): 185-201; G. Donaldson, The Making of the Scottish Prayer Book (Edinburgh, 1954). For early dissent D. Stevenson, 'Con­venticles in the kirk, 1619-37', RSCHS, 18 (1972-4): 99-114. The existence of a catholic plot at court is the subject of C. M. Hibbard, Charles I and the Popish Plot (Chapel Hill, 1983), pp. 3-89.

5 REVOLUTION, WAR AND CONQUEST, 1637-60

D. Stevenson, The Scottish Revolution 1637-44. The Triumph of the Covenanters (Newton Abbot, 1973), and D. Stevenson, Revolution and Counter Revolution in Scotland 1644-1651 (London, 1977) provide the best narrative framework to the covenanting era. A very useful summary is found in D. Stevenson, The Covenanters. The National Covenant and Scotland (The Saltire Society, 1988).

The constitutional crisis of the early seventeenth century is outlined in E.]. Cowan, 'The union of the crowns and the crisis of the consti­tution in 17th century Scotland', in Dysvik, Mykland and Oldervoll (eds), The Satellite State, pp. 121-40. The British dimension to the covenanting era is dealt with more fully in P. Donald, An Uncounselled King. Charles I and the Scottish Troubles 1637-1641 (Cambridge, 1990),

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Bibliography

and C. Russell, The Fall of the British Monarchies 1637-1642 (Oxford 1991). Further elucidation of the covenanters concern with British issues can be found in P. Donald, 'The Scottish national covenant and British politics, 1638-1640', in Morrill ( ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 90-105; P. H. Donald, 'New light on the Anglo-Scottish contacts of 1640', Historical Research, 62 (1989): 221-31; D. Stevenson, 'The early covenanters and the federal union of Britain', in Mason (ed.), Scotland and England, pp. 163-81; L. Kaplan, 'Steps to war: the Scots and the parliament, 1642-1643', Journal of British Studies, 9 (1970): 50-70; C. V. Wedgewood, 'The covenanters and the first civil war', SHR, 39 (1960): 1-15; C. Russell, 'The British problem and the English civil war', History, 72 (1987): 395-415. On the solemn league and covenant period see L. Kaplan, Politics and Religion During the English Revolution. The Scots and the Long Parliament, 1643-1645 (New York, 1976); E.J. Cowan, 'The solemn league and covenant', in Mason (ed.), ScotlandandEngland,pp. 182-202;andL. Mulligan, 'The Scottish alliance and the committee of both kingdoms, 1644-46', His­torical Studies, 14 (1970): 173-88. For the older interpretation which stressed the covenanters' obsession with religion see Trevor-Roper, 'Scotland and the puritan revolution', in Trevor-Roper, Religion, the Reformation and Social Change, pp. 392-444. The best introduction to Ireland's position in the constitutional tangle is M. Perceval-Maxwell, 'Ireland and the monarchy in the early Stuart multiple kingdom', in Historicaljoumal, 34 (1991): 279-95. The connection with events in Britain is explored in C. Russell, 'The British background to the Irish rebellion of 1641', Historical Research, 61 (1988): 166-82; M. Perceval-Maxwell, 'Ireland and Scotland 1638-1648', in Morrill (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 193-211; and D. Stevenson, Scottish Covenanters and Irish Confederates (Belfast, 1981) . More specific topics are discussed in M. Perceval-Maxwell, 'Strafford, the Ulster Scots and the covenanters', Irish Historical Studies, 18 (1973): 524-51; M. Perceval-Maxwell, 'The adoption of the solemn league and covenant by the Scots in Ulster', Scotia, 2 (1978): 3-18; and R. Gillespie, 'An army sent from God: Scots at war in Ireland, 1642-9', in Macdougall (ed.), Scotland and War, pp. 113-32.

On the government of the covenanters see A. I. Macinnes, 'The Scottish constitution 1638-51: the rise and fall of oligarchic cen­tralism', in Morrill (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 106-33, and D. Stevenson (ed.), Government under the Covenanters 1637-1651 (Scottish History Society, Edinburgh, 1982), pp. vii-I. The covenanting army is the subject of E. Furgol, 'Scotland turned Sweden, 1638-1651 ', in Morrill (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 134-54, and

207

Bibliography

E. M. Furgol, 'The military and ministers as agents of presbyterian imperialism in England and Ireland, 1640-1648', in Dwyer, Mason and Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives, pp. 95-115. Religious topics are the subject of D. Stevenson, 'The radical party in the kirk, 1637-45', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 25 (1974): 135-65; D. Stevenson, 'The general assembly and the commisssion of the kirk, 1638-51 ', RSCHS, 19 (1977): 59-80; W. Makey, 'Presbyterians and canterburians in the Scottish revolution', in Macdougall ( ed.), Church, Politics and Society, pp. 151-66; and R. A. Mason, The Glasgow Assembly, 1638 (Glasgow, 1988). Some explanations for support are offered in R. Mason, 'The aristocracy, episcopacy and the revolution of 1638', in Brotherstone ( ed.), Covenant, Charter and Party, pp. 7-24. Prominent royalists are the subjects of E.J. Cowan, Montrose. For Covenant and King (London, 1977); H. L. Rubinstein, Captain Luckless. James, First Duke of Hamilton (New Jersey, 1976); and D. Stevenson, Alasdair MacColla and the Highland Problem of the Seventeenth Century (Edinburgh, 1980). A more general analysis of royalist support is K. M. Brown, 'Courtiers and cavaliers: service, Anglicisation and loyalty among the royalist nobility', in Morrill (ed.), The Scottish National Covenant, pp. 155-92. For the wider highland attitude to the covenants see A. I. Macinnes, 'Scottish Gaeldom, 1638-1651: the vernacular response to the covenanting dynamic', in Dwyer, Mason and Murdoch (eds), New Perspectives, pp. 59-94; A. I. Macinnes, 'The first Scottish tories', SHR, 67 (1988): 56-66; A. I. Macinnes, 'The impact of the civil wars and interregnum: political disruption and social change within Scottish Gaeldom', in Mitchison and Roebuck (eds), Economy and Society in Scotland and Ireland, pp. 58-69.

The 1650s is very exhaustively detailed in F. Dow, Cromwellian Scotland 1651-1660 (Edinburgh, 1979). Much more accessible is D:Stevenson, 'Cromwell, Scotland and Ireland', in J. Morrill (ed.), Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (Harlow, 1990), pp. 149-80. R. Hutton, The British Republic 1649-1660 (Basingstoke, 1990) does not really live up to its title. More specialised topics are dealt with in P.J. Pinckney, 'The Scottish representation in the Cromwellian parliament of 1656', SHR, 46 (1967): 95-114; J. A. Casada, 'The Scottish representation in Richard Cromwell's parliament', SHR, 51 (1972): 124-47; R. Gillespie, 'Landed society and the interregnum in Ireland and Scotland', in Mitchison and Roebuck (eds), Economy and Society in Scotland and Ireland, pp. 38-57; T. M. Devine, 'The Cromwellian union and the Scottish burghs: the case of Aberdeen and Glasgow, 1652-60', in]. Butt and]. T. Ward (eds), Scottish Themes. Essays in Honour of ProfessorS. G. E. Lythe (Edinburgh, 1976), pp. 1-16;

208

Bibliography

]. Buckroyd, 'Lord Broghill and the Scottish church 1655-1656', SHR, 27 (1976): 359-68.

6 RESTORING THE KINGDOM, 1660-88

The restoration period still awaits a good political history. However, R. Hutton, Charles II King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Oxford, 1989) is a fine example of British history. Less impressive, but worth a look is ]. Miller, James II A Study in Kingship (London, 1978), pp. 210-16. Also on high politics, specifically on Lauderdale, is M. Lee, The Cabal (Urbana, 1965), pp. 28-69. Lauderdale's more domestic affairs are the subject of]. Patrick, 'The origins of opposition to Lauderdale in the Scottish parliament of 1673', SHR, 53 (1974): 1-21. Useful narratives of the religious problem in Scotland are ]. Buckroyd, Church and State in Scotland 1660-1681 (Edinburgh, 1980); I. B. Cowan, The Scottish Covenanters, 1660-88 (London, 1976); ]. M. Buckroyd, The Life of James Sharp Archbishop of St Andrews 1618-1679 (Edinburgh, 1987). See too ]. M. Buckroyd, 'Bridging the gap: Scotland 1659-1660', SHR, 46 (1987): 1-25; ]. M. Buckroyd, 'Anti-clericalism in Scotland during the restoration', in Macdougall (ed.), Church and Society, pp. 167-85; ]. A. Lamb, 'Archbishop Alexander Burnet: 1614-1684', RSCHS, 11 (1951-3): 133-48; ]. M. Buckroyd, 'The dismissal of Archbishop Alexander Burnet, 1669', RSCHS, 18 (1973): 149-55. The govern­ment of the highlands is refreshingly analysed in A. I. Macinnes, 'Repression and conciliation: the highland dimension 1660-1688', SHR, 66 (1986): 153-74. For the union and economic relations see ]. Patrick, 'A union broken? Restoration politics in Scotland', in Wormald (ed.), Scotland Revisited, pp. 119-28; D. Woodward, 'Anglo-Scottish trade and English commercial policy during the 1660s', SHR, 56 (1977): 153-74, and E. Hughes, 'The negotiations for a commercial union between England and Scotland in 1668', SHR, 24 (1926-7): 30-47.

7 SCOTLAND AND THE BRITISH REVOLUTION, 1688-1715

The history of the revolution of 1688-9 in Scotland has yet to be written. A useful starting point for the events which made up the revolution is H. B. Van der Zee, Revolution in the Family (London, 1988). W. A. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries. Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688 (Oxford, 1988) is not only helpful for the

209

Bibliography

English background, but shares a common theme with I. B. Cowan, 'The reluctant revolutionaries: Scotland in 1688', in E. Cruickshanks (ed.), By force or Default? The Revolution of 1688-1689 (Edinburgh, 1989), pp. 65-81. On the revolution settlement, I. B. Cown, 'Church and State Reformed? The Revolution of 1688-9 in Scotland' in J.l. Israel (ed.), The Anglo-Dutch Moment (Cambridge University Press, 1991), 163-84. A solid political history of Scotland during William's reign is provided by P. W.J. Riley, King William and the Scottish Politicians (Edinburgh, 1979). More detail on the revolutionary settlement can be found in B. P. Lenman, 'The Scottish nobility and the revolution of 1688-1690', in R. Beddard (ed.), The Revolutions of 1688 (Oxford, 1991), 137-62; and]. Halliday, 'The Club and the revolution in Scotland 1689-90', SHR, 45 (1966): 143-59. For the military dimension to the revolt in Scotland and the origins of jacobitism see P. Hopkins, Glencoe and the End of the Highland War (Edinburgh, 1986); B. P. Lenman, The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689-1746 (London, 1980); and B. Lenman, Thejacobite Clans of the Great Glen 1650-1784 (London, 1984). A concise survey ofjacobitism is B. Lenman, The Jacobite Cause (Glasgow, 1986). Claverhouse's inflated career is examined in A. M. Scott, Bonnie Dundee. john Grahame of Claverhouse Viscount Dundee (Edinburgh, 1989), and M. Linklater and C. Hesketh, For King and Conscience. john Graham ofClaverhouse, Viscount Dundee (London, 1990), but both biographies are disappointing on wider issues. Later jacobite issues are discussed in]. Gibson, Playing the Scottish Card. The Franco-jacobite Invasion of 1708 (Edinburgh, 1988); E. K. Carmichael, Jacobitism in the Scottish commission of the peace, 1707-1760', SHR, (1978): 58-69; E. Gregg, 'Was Queen Anne a jacobite?', History 57 (1972): 358-75.

The on-going religious dispute of the post-revolutionary years is surveyed in A. L. Drummond and ]. Bulloch, The Scottish Church 1688-1843 (Edinburgh, 1973). More detailed studies are L. K. Glassey, 'William II and the settlement of religion in Scotland 1688-1690', RSCHS, 23 (1989): 317-29; T. Clarke, 'The Williamite episcopalians and the glorious revolution in Scotland', RSCHS, 24 (1990): 35-51; R. B. Knox, 'Establishment and tolera­tion during the reigns of William, Mary and Anne', RSCHS, 23 (1989): 330-47, and D. Szechi, 'The politics of 'persecution': Scots episcopalian toleration and the Harley ministry, 1710-12', Studies in Church History, 21 (1984): 275-87. Of more limited interest are T. Maxwell, 'William III and the Scots presbyterians. Part I - The crisis in Whitehall' RSCHS, 15 (1966): 117-40: T. Maxwell, 'William III and the Scots presbyterians. Part II', RSCHS, 15 (1966): 169-91;

210

Bibliography

D. H. Whiteford, Jacobitism as a factor in presbyterian episcopalian relationships in Scotland 1689-90. I- James by divine right', RSCHS, 16 (1967): 129-49; and D. H. Whiteford, Jacobitism as a factor in presbyterian episcopalian relationships in Scotland 1689-1714. II -The afflicted church', RSCHS, 16 (1967): 185-201.

For the economic background to the treaty of union see T. C. Smout, Scottish Trade on the Eve of Union (Edinburgh, 1963); T. C. Smout, 'The road to union?' in J. Holmes (ed.), Britain after the Glorious Revolution 1689-1714 (London, 1969), pp. 176-96; T. C. Smout, 'The Anglo-Scottish union of 1707 I. The economic background', Economic History Review, 16 (1963-4): 455-67; T. C. Smout, 'Scotland in the seventeenth century: a satellite economy?', in Dyrvik, Mykland and Oldervoll (eds), The Satellite State, pp. 9-35; C. A. Whatley, 'Salt, coal and the union of 1707: a revision article', SHR. 66 (1987): 26-45; C. A. Whatley, 'Economic causes and consequencies of the union of 1707. A survey', SHR. 68 (1989): 150-81. The Darien issue is in need of revision, but still of use is G. P. Insh, The Company of Scotland trading to Africa and the Indies (London, 1932), and for some colour see J. Prebble, The Darien Disaster (London, 1968).

The politics of Queen Anne's reign and the treaty of union is well covered by P. W.J. Riley, The Union of Scotland and England (Manchester, 1978). There is also some value in reading separately P. W.J. Riley, 'The formation of the Scottishministryofl703', SHR. 44 (1965): 112-34; P. W.J. Riley, 'The Scottish parliamentofl703', SHR. 47 (1968): 129-50; P. W.J. Riley, 'The making of the treaty ofunion of 1706', SHR. 43 (1964): 89-110. Something of the queen's attitude to the Scots can be picked up in E. Gregg, Queen Anne (London, 1980). Post-union politics is surveyed in P. W.J. Riley, 'The structure of Scottish politics and the union of 1707', in T. I. Rae (ed.), The Union of 1707. Its impact on Scotland (Glasgow, 1974). Details of the Scots at Westminster can be found in G. Holmes, British Politics in the Age of Anne (London, 1987), pp. 337-9, 393-5; C. Jones, 'Godolphin, the whig junto and the Scots: a new Lords division list from 1709', SHR. 58 (1979): 158-74; C. Jones, 'The scheme lords, the necessityous lords, and the Scots lords': the earl of Oxford's management and the 'party of the crown', in the house oflords, 1711-14', in C. Jones (ed.), Party and Management in Parliament 1660-1784 (Leicester, 1984), pp. 123-51; D. Szechi, 'Some insights on the Scottish MPs and peers returned in the 1710 election', SHR. 40 (1981): 61-75; G. S. Holmes, 'The Hamilton affair of 1711-12: a crisis in Anglo-Scottish relations', English Historical Review, 77 (1962): 257-82.

211

INDEX

Abbot, George, archbishop of Canterbury 91, 93, 95

Abercromby, Patrick 184 Aberdeen 52,53, 104,111,115,

117 Aberdeen Doctors 62, 115 Aberdeen, earl of, see Gordon,

George Aberdeenshire 44 accommodation, see comprehension Achallader 175 act anent peace and war 7, 186 act anent religion 149 act for preventing wrongous

imprisonment 27 act for securing the protestant

religion 191 act of classes 133 act of grace and pardon 138 act of indemnity 146-7, 148 act of security

1696 180 1703 20, 186, 187

act of supremacy 67, 156, 177 act of settlement 183 act recissory 20, 22, 144, 149 Adamson, Patrick, archbishop of St

Andrews 74 Airds Moss, battle of 162 Aitkenhead, Thomas 73 Alexander, Sir William, first earl of

Stirling 10, 65, 79, 99, 101, 107

alien act 187, 188 Ancram, earl of, see Ker, Charles,

Robert Anderson,James 84 anglicisation

and the aristocracy 45-7 and the church 75 and the law, legal profes­

sion 58-9, 80-1 and the monarchy 7-9

Angus 178 Annandale, earl of, see Murray,

John Anne 9, 11, 12,67,68, 171,183,

184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191, 193, 195

Antrim, first marquis of, see Macdonnell, Ranald

Argyll 139 Argyll, earl, marquis, duke of

see Campbell, Archibald, John aristocracy, also nobility, mag­

nates 3, 32, 33-47, 51, 55, 56-7,66,67,86,97, 107,108, 112, 113,' 118, 131, 132, 133, 138, 140, 141, 144, 148, 151, 159, 160, 161, 166, 167, 169, 172, 177, 178, 184, 190

and anglicisation 36, 45-7, 87, 89,93

and education 46-7 and finances 37-9, 54, 93,

101-2, 147, 163-4 and franchise courts 3, 24,

30-1,36-7,103-4,140,145 and parliament 14, 15, 18, 19,

44-5, 133 and patronage 39-41, 53-4 and government 25, 26, 42-4,

100 and the royal court 10, 41-2,

163 size of 33-6

212

Index

anmmans 74, 96, 98, 109, 110 army, also the military 7, 23, 25,

29,31-2,40,43-4,72,99 covenanting army 117-18, 120,

123, 127, 130, 132 restoration army 145, 150,

152-3, 156, 158, 159, 160, 162-3, 167, 168

army plots 123 Arthur, King 80 articles of grievance 27, 72, 176 assassination plot 174 Atholl, earl, marquis, duke of,

see Murray, John Atwood, William 84, 187 Augsburg, War of the League

of 170-2, 174, 176, 179 'awakening' Ill Ayr 137 Ayrshire 18

Bacon, Sir Francis 80 Balcanquall, Walter 66 Balfour of Denmilne, Sir James 66 Balmerino, Lord, see Elphinstone,

James, John Baltic 105 Bank of England 182 Bank of Scotland 181, 182 Barbados 153 Barclay, Robert 74 barrier act 78, 1 77 bedchamber 9-11,89,93,95 Belhaven, Lord, see Hamilton,John Benburb, battle of 130 Bentinck, William, first earl of

Portland 12, 179 Berwick, pacification of 118 billeting affair 14 7 Binning, Hugh 70 bishops, episcopate 5, 7, 14, 16,

18,25, 33,45,47-9,66, 74-6, 77,87,90,91,96, 101,108, 109, 114, 116, 117, 118, 148, 149, 150, 156, 158, 163, 168, 176

Bishops Wars 40, 118, 120-1 Blenheim, battle of 180, 186 Bohemia 1, 97, 105

bonds of friendship, manrent 39, 40

bookofcanons 110,111,114,115, 116

border commission 22, 88, 91, 104 borders 39, 87, 104, 115, Bothwell, Brig 160 Boyle, Richard, Lord Broghill 138,

139, 141. 145 Boyne, battle of 174 Breadalbane, see Campbell of

Glenorchy, John Braemar 195 Breda, declaration of 141 Britain, Great 5, 7, 123, 128, 129,

130,131,133,134,170,171, 172,174,195

Britain, idea of 4, 79-85 Broghill, Lord, see Boyle, Richard Brown,John 70, 152 Bruce, Alexander, second earl of

Kincardine 39 Bruce, Sir Edward, first Lord

Kinloss 22 Bruce, Sir William 164 Brut 80 Buccleuch, earl of, see Scott, Walter Buchanan, George 63,68, 71,77 Buckingham, duke of, see Villiers,

Sir George burghs 17,33,45,51-5,102 Bumet, Alexander, archbishop of

Glasg9w 48, 49, 50, 76, 151, 152, 156, 158

Bumet, Gilbert 71, 164, 171 Butler, James, first duke of

Ormonde 146

Cabal 153 cabinet 26 Caimcross, Alexander, archbishop

of Glasgow 166 Calderwood, David 70, 77 calvinism, calvinists 68, 74, 91, 95,

109 Calvin's case 88 Cambridge 46 Camden,John 81 Cameron of Lochiel, Sir Ewen 137

213

Index

Cameron, Richard 71, 161-2 cameronians 71, 73, 78, 162, 163,

174 Campbell, Archibald, first marquis

of Argyll 27, 66, 116, 118, 122, 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 148

Campbell, Archibald, ninth earl of Argyll 145, 159, 163, 165, 167, 170

Campbell, Archibald, seventh earl of Argyll 92, 104

Campbell, Archibald, tenth earl of Argyll 173, 180

Campbell, John, first earl of Loudon 108, 113, 131

Campbell, John, second duke of Argyll 37, 43, 46, 47, 187-8, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195,

Campbell of Glenorchy, John first earl of Breadalbane 38, 46,

159, 166, 175 Campbells 40 Carbisdale, battle of 135 Carlisle 127 Carlisle, earl of, see Hay, Sir James Carstairs, William 12, 171, 179 Cassillis, earl of, see Kennedy, John catholicism, catholics 67, 73, 74,

86,90,91,96, 110,112,113, 114, 115, 123, 124, 128, 129, 141, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 195

cattle trade 39, 154, 181, 187, 189 Cavendish, William, first earl of

Newcastle 126 censorship 63-4 Chamberlen, Hugh 83 Charles I 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,

12,13, 14, 16,8, 19,21,22,23, 28,29,31,35,36,37,40,42, 43,45,48,61,63,67, 70,80, 94,97,99

administration 100-1 dissent 107-8 ecclesiastical policy 108-11 economic policy 105-7 foreign policy 99-100

local government 103-5 personal rule 99-111 revocation 101-3 revolution 1637-41 112-23 war of the three kingdoms 123-

33 Charles II 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 23, 29,

36,43,48,49,61,62,64,69, 70, 71, 72, 82

administration 145-7, 153-4, 157-8, 165

ecclesiastical policy 148-52, 155-6, 158-9,

economic policy 152, 164 exile 140, 142 foreign policy 152, 155, 157 propaganda 163 rebellions 152-3, 160-3 restoration settlement 143-50 union 154-5 war of the three kingdoms

134-6 Charles II of Spain 180 church, also see arminians,

calvinists, clergy, episcopalians, presby­

terians 7, 26, 29, 33, 39, 40, 47-51,96,

courts 3,30,31,50,91, 119, 140, 178

and state 3, 48-9, 50-1, 61-2, 73-9,95-7,101-3,108-11, 113-14, 115-16, 119-20, 126, 129, 132, 133-4, 140-1, 148-52, 155-6, 157-8, 158-60, 162-3,167-8,176-9,190,194

Church of England, see England Churchill, John, first duke of

Marlborough 180, 184, 186, 192, 193,

Chiesley, Sir John 148 Claim of Right 72, 176 clanking act 156 Clarendon, earl of, see Hyde,

Edward, Henry clergy, also see church 33, 42,

47-51,61-2,73-9,96,101, 102, 103, 109, 110, 112, 118, 119, 126, 132, 133-4, 135,

214

Index

140-1, 148, 151, 156, 157, 162, 168, 172, 177, 178, 190

club 20, 72, 176, 179, 183 Clydesdale 159 coinage 7, 25,88,97,107 colonisation 89, 92, 164 Colyear, Sir David, first earl of

Portmore 44 commission for

securing the peace of the highlands 31, 165

surrender and teinds 102, 105 the administration of justice 138 the general assembly 51, 119,

132, 133, 134, 135, 177, 178 commissioner to parliament 44 commissioners of

supply 30 the peace, also justices of the

peace 31,40, 103,104,134, 140

commissions for justice 140 committee for public affairs 26 committee of

both kingdoms 23, 127 grievance 25, 99 the estates 17, 24, 119, 122, 136,

173 Scottish affairs 119 trade 164 war 25, 100

commonwealth 135, 137, 141 Company of Scotland, also see

Darien 181-2, 185, 187, 188, 189

comprehension policy, also accommodation 156, 158, 178

Constantine 80 contractual monarchy 58, 68-73 conventicles 24, 50, 73, 96, 105,

114, 132, 149, 152, 154, 158, 194

convention of the estates 16, 17 1599 17 1600 17 1616 17 1625 19, 108 1630 19, 108 1643 126

1689 20,72, 172,175,176,177, 179

convention of the clergy 109 heritors 102 nobility 16 royal burghs 15, 16, 17, 54, 189

Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first earl of Shaftesbury 154,

158, 160, 161, 162 Corbert, Henry 66 coronations 8, 36, 61, no

coronation oath 9, 176 council

for Scottish affairs at White­hall 23, 24, 143, 14 7

of state 138, 139 of Scotland 138, 139

councillors, see privy council country party 72, 183, 184, 185,

188, court, royal, also see monarchy 3,

9-13, 22, 40-1, 60-1, 65, 79-80,82,89,90,93,94,95, 97,98, 101,107,110,113,114, 115, 119, 121, 145, 152, 153, 165, 184, 187, 188, 190, 185, 192, 193

courtiers, court party 9-13, 22, 23,26,93, 113,166,176,180, 185, 186, 191

court of high commission 48, 90, 97,

109, 115, 116 judiciary 24, 27, 29 session 24, 26-8, 38, 43, 48, 56,

57, 100, 122 covenanters 16, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31,

53,42,66, 137,144,177 andideas 68-71,72,81-2 and government 119-20, 131,

133-4 and revolution (1637-41) 113-

23 and the war of the three

kingdoms 123-36

215

Index

post-restoration 146, 150-3, 156, 157, 158-9, 160, 161-2, 163, 169

covenan~ 70,78,83, 134,135, 136, 146, 149,

Cowper, William, bishop of Galloway 75

Craig, Sir Thomas 59, 79, 80, 85 Crawford, earl of, see Lindsay,

John, William Croft, Herbert 150 Cromartie, earl of, see Mackenzie,

George Cromdale, battle of 174 Cromwell, Oliver 10, 127, 129,

132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141

Cross Petition 125 crown, see monarchy Cumbemauld bond 122, 124 Cunningham, William, ninth earl of

Glencaim 48, 136, 141, 146, 147

Cunningham, John, eleventh earl of Glencaim 172

customs 28, 97-8, 105, 145, 154, 163,

customs and excise officers 21, 140

tariffs, duties, excise 7, 25, 29, 88, 106, 107, 131, 152, 157, 163

Dalrymple, James, first Viscount Stair 27,28,58, 71,83,163

Dalrymple, Sir John, master of Stair 20, 56, 58, 166, 175, 180

Danby, earl of, see Osborne, Thomas

Darien scheme, also see Company of Scotland 24, 182,

183, 184, 185 Defoe, Daniel 84 deprivations

presbyterian 151, 156, 157 episcopalians 177, 178

Dick of Braid, William 52, 53 divine right monarchy 3, 48, 62,

64-7 Douglas, George, first earl of

Dumbarton 170 Douglas, Robert 70, 149 Douglas, William, sixth earl of

Morton 99, 101 Douglas, William, third earl of

~eensberry 30, 165, 166 Douglas, William, second duke of

~eensberry 11, 12, 16, 26, 183-4,185,186,188,190,191

Drake, James 84 Drumclog, battle of 160 Drummond,James, fourth earl of

Perth 165, 166 Drummond, John, first earl of

Melfort 11, 12, 165, 166, 174 Drummond of Hawthomden,

William 65, 66, 74 Dublin 66, 150 Dumbarton 31 Dumbarton, earl of, see Douglas,

George Dumfries 52, 55, 190 Dunbar, battle of 135, 136 Dunbar, earl of, see Hume, Sir

George Dunfermline 1, 9 Dunfermline, earl of, see Seton,

Alexander Dundee 53, 55, 136, 139, 168 Dundee, Viscount, see Graham,

James Dunkeld 62 Dunkeld, battle of 174 Durham 127

East India Company 182, 187 economy 93,97,98, 139,152,164,

181-2, 187, 189 Edgehill, battle of 125 Edinburgh 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21,

22,31,41,47,50,52,53,55, 56,61,62,63, 73,84,88,90, 92,94, 100,106,109,112,113, 117, 124, 144, 147, 152, 160, 161, 163,165, 166, 168, 172, 173, 177, 183, 190, 194

education 46-7, 102, Elibank, Lord, see Murray, Gideon Elizabeth, Princess 94

216

Index

Elphinstone,James, first lord Balmerino 93

Elphinstone,John, second lord Balmerino 27, 63, 108, 113

emigration 105 engagement, engagers 5, 51, 63,

69,94,95,131-2,133,134, 135, 141

England, English 1, 5, 7, 24, 26, 39,45,51, 65,68,69,81,86, 97, 105, 108, 115, 120, 123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 139, 140, 141-2, 143, 145, 147, 150, 152, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, 169, 170, 173, 175, 179, 180, 193, 196

church 75, 76, 78,90,91,95, 96, 109, 110, 118, 121, 122, 124, 127, 148, 149, 151, 156, 157, 159, 166, 167, 168, 172, 193

crown 23,28,87, 109,120,144, 167, 172,

law 23,26,58-9,80-1,87,88 parliament 13, 19, 29, 88, 94,

98,100,117,119,121,123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 134, 137, 138, 141, 144, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 179, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 189, 191

privy council 22, 23, 26, 154, 172

English civil war 124-5 enclosures 39 episcopacy, episcopalians 3, 5, 67,

73, 74, 75-7, 114, 118, 141, 146, 148-9, 165, 173, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, 185

episcopate, see bishops equivalent 189, 194, 195, Erskine, John, Lord Erskine 107 Erskine, John, second earl of

~ar 95,97,99,100 Erskine,John, sixth earl of

~ar 195 Erskine, Sir Thomas, first earl of

Kellie 22, 95 exchequer 28

exclusion crisis 160, 161-2 excise 29 faculty of advocates 43, 56, 57, 58 Fairfax, Sir Thomas 132 famine, dearth 25, 86, 97, 105,

134, 136, 181 Fawkes, Guy 91 Ferguson, Robert 71 feuing 37, 38 feuding 25,39,40, 86,91,92,104 Fife 112, 158 Filmer, Sir Robert 67 Finch, Daniel, second earl of

Nottingham 185 five articles of Perth 19, 24, 48,

55,96,97,98, 107,110,114, 115, 116

five members 124 Fleming, Robert 71 Fletcher of Saltoun, Andrew 19,

84,85, 186,191 Forbes,John 90 Forbes of Corse, John 75, 77 Forbes, Patrick, bishop of

Aberdeen 75 Forbes, William, bishop of

Edinburgh 74 Fort William 175 Forth, earl of, see Ruthven, Patrick France, French 7,35,67, 77,99,

100, 105, 154, 155, 160, 167, 171, 174, 180, 184, 186, 192, 193, 194, 195

Galloway 151 general assembly 17, 51, 90, 96,

217

114, 125, 141, 149, 177, 184 1605 22, 27,90, 107,120 1612 90-1 1616 96 1617 96 1618 96, 107 1638 77, 115-16, 1639 118 1640 119 1643 126 1648 132, 133 1649 134 1648 69

Index

1650 78 1689 177 1690 178

general band 31 Gentlemen Adventurors of Fife 92 George I 1, 6, 195 Germany 100, 105 Gibson, William 164 Gillespie, George 73, 132, 147 Glasgow 52, 53, 55, 73, 77, 112,

116, 139, 164, 190 Gledstanes, George, archbishop of

St Andrews 95 Glencaim, earl of,

see Cunningham,John, William Glencoe, massacre 20, 22, 179,

182, 185 Gloucester, William Henry, duke

of 183 Godolphin, Sidney, first earl of

Godolphin 11, 24, 184, 185, 191

Gordon, duke of, see Gordon, George

Gordon, George, first duke of Gordon 166

Gordon, George, first marquis of Huntly 95, 104

Gordon, George, second marquis ofHuntly 118, 122, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134

Gordon of Haddo, George, first earl of Aberdeen 22, 165

Graham, James, first marquis of Montrose 63, 66, 67, 118, 122, 125, 128-9, 131, 134-5

Gordon,John 79 Graham of Claverhouse, John,

Viscount Dundee 55, 160, 168, 173, 174,

Graham, William, seventh earl of Menteith 100-1

grand remonstrance 124 great contract 97 Greyfriars kirk 113 Guthrie,James 70, 147

Haddington, earl of, see Hamilton, Sir Thomas

Haig, William 108 Hall, Joseph 76 Hamilton, James, first duke of

Hamilton 10, 12, 29, 66, 100, 101, 115-16, 118, 119, 123, 125, 126, 131, 132.

Hamilton, James, fourth duke of Hamilton 39, 47, 184, 185, 188, 190, 191, 192, 194

Hamilton, James, second marquis of Hamilton 99

Hamilton, John, second Lord Belhaven 190

Hamilton, Sir Thomas, first earl of Haddington 12, 57, 58, 93, 95,99,100

Hamilton, William, third duke of Hamilton 20, 29, 149, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 168, 172, 173, 180

Hamilton, William, first earl of Lanark 123

Hampton Court conference 90 Hanover, Hanoverian succes­

sion 73, 183, 186, 187, 188, 192, 194, 195, 196

Hare,John 82 Harley, Robert, first earl of

Oxford 185, 193, 195 Hawkins, Richard 82 Hay, Sir George 99, 100, 101 Hay, Sir James, first earl of

Carlisle 45 Hay, John, second earl of

Tweedale 16, 154, 157, Hay, John, second marquis of

Tweedale 186 heads of proposals 130, 131 Henderson, Alexander 50, 69, 70,

113, 116, 132 Henrietta Maria 61, 99, 110, 113 Henry, Prince 94 highlands and islands 7, 32,

39-40,87,88,91-2,94,95, 104, 136, 137, 140, 145, 152, 159, 165, 167, 172, 173-4, 175,

highland committee 25 highland host 32, 159 Hodges,James 84, 85

218

Index

Holinshed, Ralph 80 Holyrood palace 9, 11, 13, 61, 67,

163 Hope, Sir Thomas 58 Hume, David 79, 81 Hume of Spott, Sir George,

first earl of Dunbar 10, 12, 22, 89-93,94

Huntly, marquis of, see Gordon, George

Hyde, Edward, first earl of Clarendon 23, 143, 144, 146, 148, 150, 151, 153

Hyde, Henry, second earl of Clarendon 165, 166

Hyde, Lawrence, first earl of Rochester 162, 165, 166

Incident 123 incendiaries 123 independents 78, 129, 130, 132,

133, 134, 141 indulgences 154, 156, 157, 161 industry 92, 152, 194

coal 39, 97, 107, 181, 190 fishing 107 linen, textiles 97, 164, 181, 187 salt 39, 97, 107, 164, 181, 190 woollens 98

Inverlochy 137 lnverlochy, battle of 128 Inverness 25, 104, 137 Iona, statutes 31, 92 Ireland, Irish 1, 5, 7, 22, 40, 47,

59,65, 78,87,88-9,92, 109, 111, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 131, 135, 139, 145, 146, 147, 148, 154, 159, 161, 165, 167, 171, 173, 174, 175, 185

confederacy government, confed­erates 126, 128, 130, 138

rebellion 123-4 remonstrance 121

Islay 92,93 Isle of Wight 131

jacobite,jacobites 62, 63, 64, 67, 72, 76, 173, 175, 178, 181, 183,

184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 192 193, 195

1708 plot 22, 192 1715 rebellion 4, 32, 40, 76,

170, 179, 195-6 James VI 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 18,

21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 31, 35, 36, 41,42,43,45,46,47,48,49, 55,56,57,61,63,65,67,68, 74,79,80,86-99,103,104, 108, 109

and administration 89-90, 93-5,98-9

and ecclesiastical policy 86-7, 90-1,95-7

and finances 87, 89, 92-3, 94, 97-8

and foreign policy 89, 94, 98 and law and order 87, 88-9,

91-2,94 and regal union 86-9

James VII, also duke of York 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 29, 40, 45, 48, 55, 61, 67, 71, 72, 74, 76, 143, 157, 160, 161, 162, 163-4

and administration 165-6 and ecclesiastical policy 166-8,

177 and economic policy 164-5 and rebellion 167 and revolution 168-9, 170, 171,

172, 173, 174, 192 in exile 179, 180

Jamesone, George 61 Jonson,Ben 60,79 Johnston ofWarriston, Archibald

58, 113, 116, 148 Jones, Inigo 60 judges 27, 28, 33, 43, 56, 57, 100,

122, 144 junto, see whigs

Kennedy, John, sixth earl of Cassillis 146, 149

Kellie, earl of, see Erskine, Sir Thomas

Ker, Charles, second earl of Ancram 45

219

Ker, Sir Robert, first earl of Ancram 45, 99

Ker, Sir Robert, first earl of Roxburgh 104

Index

Leslie, George, first earl of Melville 177, 179

Ker, Sir Robert, first earl of Somer-

Leslie, John, sixth earl of Rothes 108, l13, 122

Leslie, John, first duke of Rothes 43, 146, 147, 149, 152-3, 153, 158, 165

set 12, 45, 93, 94 Killiecrankie, battle of 173 Killing Times 162 Kilsyth, battle of 129 Kilwinning 62 Kincardine, earl of, see Bruce,

Alexander king's covenant 66, 115 kingship, see monarchy, court Kinloss, Lord, see Bruce, Sir

Edward Kinross 164 Kintyre 92 Kneller, Geoffrey 61 Knox, Andrew, bishop of the

Isles 92 Knox,John 68,77

La Hogue, battle of 174 Laud, William, archbishop of

Canterbury 23, 74, 96, 109, llO, l15, l19, 121

Lauderdale, duke of, see Maitland, John

lairds 34-5 Lanarkshire 116 law 26,27,36,40,56,57,58-9,

102, 114, 175, 176, 193 and local justice 30-31, 36-7,

103-4, 140 and political ideas 66, 69, 71 and union 80-1, 88 and the courts 3, 26-8, 43, 140

law, English, see England lawyers 25, 36, 43, 55-9, 71, 87 Leighton, Alexander 108 Leighton, Robert, archbishop of

Glasgow 74, 76, 156 Leith 194 Leslie, Alexander, first earl of

Leven 43, 117, 127, Leslie, Charles, second earl of

Newburgh 45 Leslie, David 129, 135

Leven, earl of, see Leslie, Alexander Lewis 92 Lindsay, John, seventeenth earl of

Crawford 146, 148, 151 Lindsay, William, eighteenth earl of

Crawford 172 Linlithgow, earl of, see Livingston,

George literacy 63 Livingston, George, third earl of

Linlithgow 43 local government 30-1, 36-7,

103-4, l13, 138 Lochaber 145 Locke,John 71 Lockhart of Carnwath, George 72 Lorn, lain 63 London 4,8,9, 11,22,34,41,45,

60,66, 71, 79,87,88,90,94, 102, 114, 115, 120, 124, 130, 136, 139, 161, 165, 172, 173

Londonderry 174 London, treaty of 122, 159, 160 Long Parliament 142 lord lyon 34 lords of the articles 18, 19, 20, 48,

109, 118, 120, 145, 168, 176, lords of erection 35, 93, 102 lordship 39-40 Lome, Lord, see Campbell,

Archibald first marquis of Argyll

Lothian 162 Loudon, earl of, see Campbell,

John Louis XIII 99 Louis XIV 155, 162, 167, 170, 171,

174, 180, 183, 193, 195

MacColla, Alastair 128, 129, 129

Macdonalds 25, 94

220

Index

Macdonnell, Ranald, first marquis of Antrim 115, 118, 125

MacGill, Sir James of Cranstoun­riddell 57

Mackay, Hugh 173 Mackenzie, George, Viscount

Tar bat, first earl of Cromartie 83, 84,

166 Mackenzie, Kenneth, fourth earl of

Seaforth 145, 166 Mackenzie, Kenneth, first Lord

Kintail 92 Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, Sir

George 56,58,59, 67, 74, 76, 83,85, 163,166

Macward, Robert 71 Magregors 91 Mair, John 68 Maitland, John, first duke of

Lauderdale 11, 12, 15, 20, 22,23, 28, 49,62, 131,143-4, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153-60, 161, 165

Malplaquet, battle of 193 malt tax 30, 194 malignants 122 Mar, earl of, see Erskine,John Marlborough, duke of, see

Churchill, John Marston Moor, battle of 127, 128 Mary I 64,68 Mary II 9, 155, 170, 171, 172, 173,

176 masonic lodges 62 Mauchline Moor, battle of 132 Maule, James, fourth earl of

Panmure 178 Maule, Patrick, first earl of

Panmure 47 Maxwell, James 79 Maxwell, John, bishop of Ross 64,

66, 69, 76, 109, 110 Maxwell, John, tenth Lord

Maxwell 92 Maxwell, Robert, first earl of

Nithsdale 99, 100, 104, 110, 113

Mclan of Glencoe, Alastair 175

Melfort, earl of, see Drummond, John

Melville, Andrew 68, 77, 90 Melville, earl of, see Leslie, George Menteith, earl of, see Graham,

William mercantilism 83, 105, 107, 143 merchant guilds 52 merchants, see urban elites Middleton, Charles, second earl of

Middleton 11, 23 Middleton, John, first earl of

Middleton 12, 42, 136 militia 32, 40, 145, 156, 158, 159,

167, 195 Milton, John 83 ministers, see clergy monarchy, also crown 6-9

absentee monarchy 1, 8-9 and administration 3, 20-32 and the army, see also

army 31-2, 115 and the church, see also church

and state 73-9 and patronage, pensions 41-2,

97 and powers, prerogatives 6-7,

16-20,86,88,114,122,144-5, 149-50

and propaganda 60-2 and revenue 28-30, 97-8,

105-7, 145 and the royal court 3, 9-13, 22,

40-1,60-1,65,79-80,82 ideology of 64-73, 79-80, 82 multiple monarchy 7-8, 87, 108 rituals and ceremonial of 9

Monck, George 137, 139, 140, 141-2, 145

monopolies 25, 98 Montrose 189 Montrose, marquis of, see Graham,

James Montgomery of Skelmorlie, Sir

James 172, 176, 179 Morton, earl of, see Douglas,

William Murray, Gideon, first Lord

Elibank 93

221

Index

Murray, John 75 Murray, John, first duke of

Athol! 46, 180, 190 Murray, John, first earl of

Annandale 104 Murray, John, first marquis of

Athol! 38,145,172,173,180

Namur 174 Napier, Sir Archibald, first lord

Napier 66 Naseby, battle of 129 national covenant 4, 66, 69,

113-14, 115, 116, 117, 118 navigation acts 143, 152, 154 negative confession 114 Netherlands, also Dutch 11, 58,

71, 77,81, 105,162,163,164, 170, 171, 173, 184

first Dutch war 133, 135-7, 139, 140

second Dutch war 145, 152, 153 third Dutch war 154, 155, 157

new model army 127, 129, 130, 131, 132

new party, also squadrone 186, 187, 191, 192, 195

Newark 129 Newburgh, earl of, see Leslie,

Charles Newburn 120, 121 Newcastle 120, 127, 130 Newcastle, earl of, see Cavendish,

William nineteen propositions 125 Nisbet, Sir John 59 Nithsdale, earl of, see Maxwell,

Robert nobility, see aristocracy Nottingham 125 Nottingham, earl of, see Finch,

Daniel Nova Scotia 107

Octavians 11 occupation, English 5, 29, 31, 37,

40, 50, 62, 74, 78, and administration 137-40 and conquest 135-7

and the church 140-1 and the restoration 141-2, 145

officers of state 7, 9, 14, 16, 18, 22,23,27,28,42-3, 122,144, 172

officials, crown 25, 26, 33, 57-8, 61, 103

Ogilvie,John 73 Ogilvy,James, first earl of

Seafield 19, 183, 185, 191, 194

Order of the Thistle 67, 163 Orkney and Shetlands 58, 94 Ormonde, earl of, see Butler, James Osborne, Thomas, first earl of

Danby 155, 158, 159, 160 Oudenarde, battle of 193 Oxford 46, 68

Palatine, Frederick V, Elector 94, 98

Palatinate 97, 98 Panmure, earl of, see Maule, James,

Patrick parliament 3, 6, 9, 13-20, 24, 26,

48,56, 75,81,83,84,87, 107, composition of 14-16, 44-5,

222

53,54 duration of 13-14 elections for 15, 40, 185 management of 17-19, 144-5,

176, 179 opposition 19-20 powers 16-17, 175-6 union of parliaments 184-92 1604 19, 87 1606 13,90 1608 16 1612 18 1621 15, 19, 28,54,96,97,98,

107 1633 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 103, 108 1639 118 1640 119-20 1641 14, 18, 19, 20, 122 1643 125, 126 1648 132 1649 133, 134 1661 20, 144, 146, 149

1662 20 1669 157 1672 157 1673 20, 155, 157 1674 158 1681 162 1685 163 1686 164, 167-8 1689 176, 179 1690 20, 176, 177, 179 1692 20 1695 179, 182 1696 180 1698 184 1700 183, 184 1701 183 1703 20, 186 1704 20 1705 14, 19,20,188 1706-7 14, 191-2

parliament, English, see England parliament of Great Britain 81,

83,188,192,194,195 1707 election 192 1708 election 193 1710 election 193 1713 election 195 1715 election 195

Parliament House 13, 55 Paterson, William 182 patronage 39-42, 89, 92-3, 94,

97,98, 157,176,180,191 patronage act, church patron-

age 78, 134, 178, 194 Peacham, Henry 66 peerage, also see aristocracy 35-6 Penruddock's rising 137 Pentland rising 5, 153, 156 Perth 13, 137 Perth, earl of, see Drummond,

James Perthshire 38, 50 petition of right 100 Petrie, Fr. Edward 166 Philip III of Spain 94 Philiphaugh, battle of 129 Piggot, Sir Christopher 80, 88 Pitcairn, Archibald 64 plague, disease 25, 129, 131, 136

Index

Pont, Robert 79 popery, see catholics popish plots 110, 123, 124, 157,

160 Portland, earl of, see Bentinck,

William Portmore, earl of, see Colyear,

David prayer book 21, 110, ll1, l12,

l13, l15, l16 presbyterians, presbyterianism 3,

5, 73, 75, 77-9,82,90,91,96, 97, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, l16, l19, 129, 133, 146, 147, 148, 149-50, 151-2, 152-3, 153, 156, 158-9, 162, 163, 167, 168, 172, 173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 194, 196

in England 126, 130, 135, 148 in Ireland 124, 126, 131, 135 political ideas of 68-71, 81-2,

l13-14, 175 Preston, battle of 132, 133 prices 39, 86, 120, 181 Pride's purge 133 privy chamber 10 privy council 6, 16, 17, 21-6, 30,

40,55,88,89,96,98,99, 101, 102, 104, 107, 112, 116, 119, 122, 125, 151, 158, 159, 161, 162, 165, 178, 180, 192

and relations with Eng­land 22-4

cabinet 26 composition of 25-6, 43-4, 57,

100, 109 councillors 7, 18, 21, 24, 28,

30,87,93,95,96,98, 100,109, 114, 115, 144, 165, 168, 172

political role of 21-2 powers of 24-5, 27,54

privy council, English, see England privy council of Great Britain 24,

26 propaganda 60-4, l16-17 protectorate 10, 137, 138, 139,

141, 143, 148, 152 protestors 140-1, 143, 147, 149,

151,

223

Index

Putney army debates 131 Prm,John 121, 123

Queensberry, duke of, see Douglas, William

Queensberry plot 186

rebellion 1653-4 136-7 1666 5,86,152-3 1679 5,22, 31,40,160-1 1685 5,24,40,167 1715 4,5,32,40, 76,170,179,

195-6 register of sasines 110 remonstrants 70, 78, 135, 14-1 Renwick,James 64, 71, 73, 163,

168 representative peers 188, 194, 195 resolutioner 78, 140, 147, 148, 149 restoration 4, 5, 23, 25, 55, 70, 82,

142, 143-53 revocation 23, 24, 37, 101-3, 109,

111 revolution

1637-41 4,25,55, 64,112-23 1688-90 5, 11, 16, 20, 21, 26,

42,55,64, 76,170-80,189 Ridpath, George 72, 85 Rijswijk, treaty of 174, 180 Ripon, treaty of 121 Roman law 27 root and branch petition 121 Rothes, earl and duke, see Leslie,

John Row,John 77 Roxburghshire 19 Roxburgh, earl of, see Ker, Sir

Robert royal supremacy 7, 74-5, 90, 110,

114, 116, 149, 150, 154, 156, 163,177

royalists 118, 122, 124, 125, 129, 134, 135, 136, 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 165

Rubens, Peter Paul 80 Ruddiman, Thomas 68 ruling elders 116, 119

Rullion Green, battle of 153 Rump Parliament 134, 137, 141 Russell, John 80 Rutherford, Samuel 64, 69, 70, 81,

82, 111, 147 Ruthven, Patrick, first earl of

Forth 125 Rye House plot 162, 163

Sacheverell, Dr Henry 193 St Andrews 160 St Giles 109, 112 Sage, John 76 Sandys, Sir Edward 80 Schomberg, Frederick Hermann

von 173 Scott, James, first duke of Mon­

mouth 71, 159, 160, 161, 167, 170

Scott, Walter, first earl of Buccleuch 104

Scott, William 77 Seafield, earl of, see Ogilvy,James secret committee 26, 165 Seton, Alexander, first earl of

Dunfermline 12, 19, 22, 89-99

Seton of Pitmedden, William 84 seven bishops 168 Shaftesbury, earl of,

see Cooper Anthony Ashley Sharp, James, archbishop of St

Andrews 49, 147, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160

Sheldon, Gilbert, archbishop of Canterbury 149, 150, 151, 156, 158,

Sheriffmuir, battle of 43, 195, 196 Shield, Alexander 71 ship money 103 shire commissioners 14-15, 40,

44, 118, 125-6, 132 shire committees of war 29, 120 Short Parliament 119 Sibbald, Sir Robert 67 Sidney, Algeron 71 solemn league and covenant 4,

78,81-2,126-7,128,130,131, 132, 135, 136, 141, 150

224

Index

Somerset, earl of, seeKer, Sir Robert

Sommerville, Hugh, sixth Lord Sommerville 35

sovereign power 3, 64-73 Sprun 89,94,98,99, 100,105,182 Spanish Succession, War of 21, 30,

180-1,185,186,192,193,194 Spencer, Robert, second earl of

Sunderland 165, 166 Speed,John 81 squadrone, see new party Sophia, electress of Hanover 183 Spottiswoode,John, archbishop of

Glasgow 48, 49, 76, 95, 99, 101, 108, 110

Spreull, John 83 Strur, Viscount, see Dalrymple,

James Stewart, Andrew, third Lord

Ochiltree 92 Stewart,James, the Pretender 171,

183, 192, 195, 196 Stewart, James, of Goodtrees 70 Stewart, John, first earl of

Traqurur 101, 106, 108, 113, 114, 118, 123

Stewart, Ludovick, second duke of Lennox 99

Stirling 31, 53, 113 Stirling, John 70 Stirling, earl of, see Alexander, Sir

William Stirlingshire 30 Sunderland, earl of, see Spencer,

Robert supplication 112, 113 succession crisis 183, 184, 187, 188

tables 113 Talbot, Richard, first earl of

Tyrconnel 165, 166, 167, 173 taxation 3, 7, 13, 16, 17,25,

28-30,54,92-3,94,97,98, 105, 106, 107, 114, 120, 131, 136, 139, 141, 145, 152, 175, 181, 184, 188, 189, 194

teind commission, see commission for surrenders

and teinds test act, oath 26, 28, 55, 73, 157,

162, 163, 172 England 157

theatre 62 thirty-nine articles 109 Thomborough,John 80 tobacco trade 194 toleration 3, 50, 73-4, 77, 78, 155,

156, 157, 160, 164, 166, 168, 166, 167, 168, 172, 176, 177, 178, 194

Tong plot 150 Torbay landing 171 tories 132

in England 72, 78, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 171, 172, 178, 182, 185, 193, 194, 195

in Scotland 191, 193, 194, 195 trade 25, 30, 87, 97, 98, 100, 105,

107, 122, 131, 139, 140, 143, 152, 154, 155, 164, 175, 181-2, 187, 189, 194

Traquair, earl of, see Stewart, John treason laws 193 Tweedale, earl, marquis of, see Hay,

John Tyrconnel, earl of, see Talbot,

Richard

Ulster 77, 89, 105, 117, 121, 124, 126, 128, 130, 139, 159

union by conquest 136-42 federal 81-2, 121-2, 126-7,

131-2, 134 of parliaments 184-92 regal 1-2, 7-8, 79-85, 181, 186, 1603-04 86-9 1660 143 1668-70 83, 154-5 1689 175 1707 1,5,32,37,41,51,55,62,

83-5, 188-92 post-1707 192-6

universities 48, 62, 115, 141 urban elites, merchants 51-5, 98,

164

225

Index

and the crown 54-5 composition of 51-2 in parliament 14, 15, 18, 33, 53,

54, 118, 126, 132, 189, 190 Urquhart, Sir Thomas 82 Uxbridge 130 Utrecht, treaty of 194, 195

Venner's rising 150 Verstegen, Richard 81 Villiers, Sir George,

first duke of Buckingham 12, 23,94,96,99, 100,102

Wales 125, 132 Wallace, Robert, bishop of the

Isles 48 War of the Three Kingdoms 123-

36 Wentworth, Sir Thomas,

first earl of Strafford 23, 82, 101, 111, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121

West Lothian 39 Westminster 5, 45, 72, 83, 159,

184, 187, 191, 192, 193, 194 western association 133 western remonstrance 135 Westminster assembly 78, 82, 127,

129

Westminster Confession of Faith 78, 177

Wet, Jacob de 61 whiggamore raid 133 whigs 132

in England 11, 160, 161, 162, 168, 182, 184, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196

in Scotland 173, 175, 179, 185, 192, 194, 195, 196

Whitehall council, see council for Scottish affairs

William II 8, 9, 11, 21, 51, 61, 71, 72, 76, 155, 169, 181

and administration 179-80, 183-4

and ecclesiastical policy 176-9 and economic policy 181-2 and foreign policy 170-1, 174,

180-1 and the revolution 170-80 and union 183

wine act 186, witchcraft 21, 73, 86, 134 Worcester, battle of 136, 187 Worcester affair 21

York 120, 127

226