BHASMA – AN ANCIENT INDIAN NANO MEDICINE

By,Dr. Bhagyalakshmi. B. R

Final year PG Scholar

Under the guidance of,

Dr. Shobha. G. Hiremath,Professor & HOD

Dept Of PG Studies in Rasa ShastraGovt. Ayurvedic Medical College,

Bangalore-09

INTRODUCTION

Concept of reduction in particle size Charaka

Samhita(1500 B.C) Louhadi rasayana.

Concept of Bhasma preparation 7th

century.

Bhasmas the unique Ayurvedic metallic/mineral

preparations metals or minerals are treated with

herbal juices or decoctions make them into pellets exposed to certain quantum of heat as per Puta.

Bhasmas the most ancient application of Nano

medicine.2

BHASMA

Shodhana

Bhavana

Marana

Influence of Shodhana on Bhasma preparation:

Shodhana procedures: help either in the disintegration of molecules or particles to divide into finest divisions

To expose their maximum surface area for further chemical or physical reaction

To help these in making organo metallic compounds make them more acceptable by the body tissues and organs.

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Nirvapa

Heating

Linear expansion

Immediate cooling

Decrease in tension & increase in compression force

Repetition of heating & cooling

Disruption in compression tension equilibrium

Increased brittleness, reduction in hardness & particle size4

Bhavana Wet grinding shodhita metals/minerals with specific liquid media for specific period convert them into more finer form.

Helps in conversion of coarse powder to finer state.

Impregnation of properties of media to the material which lead to unique and suitable physicochemical changes.

Facilitate further processing Marana.

INFLUENCE OF BHAVANA (WET LEVIGATION) ON BHASMA

PREPARATION

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JARANA

Jarana is the intermediate procedure for the metals having low melting point, between Shodhana and Marana.

Metals are melted mixed with particular plant drug powders are rubbed by iron ladle until metals become complete powder form.

Oxidation of metals occurs during heating at open air , which increases the melting point of the metal.

Facilitates reduction of particle size.6

CONCEPT OF MARANA

The process which converts purified metals and minerals into Bhasma after subjecting them to levigation and incineration is called Marana

Role of Marana

Marana responsible for feasible changes converts these industrial materials

magnificent medicine.

Increase in no of puta Decease in size of particle

Conjugation of trace elements

Elimination of impurities.

Formation of desirable compounds which are biologically favorable to the body. 7

Ashodita Shodhita Powder of Metal Bhavana

Chakrika

s

Sharava samputa Puta Bhasma

STAGES OF BHASMA PREPARATION

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CHARACTERISTICS OF BHASMA

Physical -

Varitara, Rekhapoorna, Unama, Slakshnatwa, Sookshmatwa, Anjana sannibha, Varna, Nishchandra

Chemical

–

Apunarbhava , Niruttha

Credentials of BhasmaRasayanaYogavahiAlpa matraShighra vyaptiAgni deepana 9

NANO MEDICINE (0.1-100NM)

Monitoring, repairing, construction and control of human biological systems at the cellular level by using material and structures engineered at the atomic or molecular level.

Importance

Target specificity

Encapsulation efficiency

Carry high concentration drug

Efficient drug release

Ability to cross blood brain barrier

Reduction in peripheral side effects of drugs by decreasing over all dose of drugs 10

SYNTHESIS OF NANO PARTICLES

PHYSICAL METHODS

CHEMICAL METHODS

BIOLOGICAL METHODS

Detection of Nano particles in Bhasma

Environmental Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)

Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)

Cryo TEM

Fast Freeze Fracture

Confocal Laser Scanning

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis(EDAX)

AAS

X-Ray induced Photo Electron Spectroscopy(XPS)11

BHASMA AS NANO PARTICLE

Swarna bhasma –

Through TEM, SEM-EDS, AFM – 56-57nm

The Swarna bhasma was analyzed qualitatively through XRD,FTIR (Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy) results showed that the final product is almost pure Au in zero valency state.

Yashada Bhasma

–

Oxygen deficient state and are in nano meter in size.

Naga Bhasma, it was found that drug contains lead in nano crystalline (60nm), lead sulphide form with organic contents. It was found to be safe in histo pathological study on rats at dose of 6mg/100g/day.

Vanga bhasma –

Particle study in our department. 12

DISCUSSION

Preparation

Shodhana, Jarana, Bhavana, Marana, which includes grinding, milling, heating.

Characteristics

Sookshmatwa, Slakshnatva, Anjana sannibha, varitara.

Properties

Yoga vahi, Rasayana, Shighravyapti, Agni deepana, Alpa matra

Physical(vapor deposition, solid state process –

grinding

milling), Chemical, Biological.

Particle size 0.1-

100nm

Targeted drug delivery, efficient drug release, ability to cross blood brain barrier, minimal dose.

BHASMA NANO MEDICINE

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CONCLUSION

Bhasma preparations and Bhasmas are the best example of Nano technology & Nano medicine practiced during the ancient period.

Shata puta, Sahasra puta Bhasmas are the indirect reference for the concept of conversion of drug to Nano medicine.

Ancient knowledge of Bhasmeekarana may cover the currrent scientific validation of Nano Technology.

Bhasma -

Safe, Quick, Effective Remedial Measure.

More researches are essential in this direction to establish ancient Nano Technology = BHASMA 14

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REFERENCES

Journal of Scientific & Industrial ResearchSARKAR & CHAUDHARY:: APPLICATION OF NANOMEDICINE

Journel

of scientific and industrial research vol.69, december

2010,pp901-905

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