bfs2007 sn kfv-1-3-pedestrians
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Ped
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Project co-financed by the European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport 1 / 12
Issued: Feb / 08
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Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2007 Pedestrians
In 20051, 3.683 pedestrians were killed in road traffic accidents in the EU-142 (EU-15 without Germany). This is 14,1% of all fatalities in 2005. In the last decade, pedestrian fatalities have reduced by 36,8%, while the total number of fatalities has reduced by one quarter (25,3%). Road safety measures implemented in the last 10 years may thus have considerably improved pedestrian fatality numbers.
The annual data by country from 1996 to 2005 is presented in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the total1 number of fatalities for the same time period, the line is dashed for years where data up to 2005 are not available for all countries. The slight rise of pedestrian fatalities in 2002 results from the 2002 increase in Italy.
Table 1: Pedestrian fatalities by country by year, 1996-20051
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
BE 154 142 162 154 142 158 127 113 101 108
DK 68 87 73 82 99 49 63 49 43 44
EE - - - - - - - - - 46
EL 422 409 417 399 375 338 279 257 293 234
ES 960 967 996 906 899 846 776 786 683 680
FR 1.043 982 1.044 932 838 822 866 626 581 635
IE** 115 130 114 92 85 89 86 64 - -
IT* 985 893 844 847 897 932 1.163 781 710 -
LU*** 9 8 3 2 11 11 6 - - -
HU - - - - - - - - - 289
MT - - - - - - - - - 6
NL** 109 119 110 111 106 106 97 97 - -
AT 157 156 165 182 140 117 160 132 132 97
PL - - - - - - - - - 1.756
PT 624 549 406 393 384 337 339 280 233 214
FI 70 69 62 67 62 62 40 59 49 45
SE 74 72 69 86 73 87 58 55 67 50
UK 1.039 1.010 946 909 889 858 808 802 694 699
EU-14 1
5.829 5.593 5.411 5.162 5.000 4.812 4.868 4.108 3.753 3.683
Yearly 1
Change- -4,0% -3,3% -4,6% -3,1% -3,8% 1,2% -15,6% -8,6% -1,9%
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
1
Using latest data available, i.e. 2005 for all countries except LU (2002), IE and NL (2003) and IT (2004). The data from EE, HU, MT and PL are not considered.
2 See table “Definition of EU-level and used Country abbreviations” on page 11
Pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents reduced by 37%
between 1996 and 2005.
In 20051, nearly 3.700 pedestrians
died from road traffic accidents in 14
European countries. This corresponds to 14% of road traffic fatalities in these
countries.
Ped
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Figure 1: Number of pedestrian fatalities and proportion on total fatalities in EU-14, 1996-20051
16,7%16,1%
15,7%15,1% 14,9% 14,6%
15,3%
14,0% 13,9% 14,1%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003¹ 2004¹ 2005¹
Ped
estr
ian
fata
liti
es/t
ota
l fa
tali
ties
-
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
Ped
estr
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fata
liti
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Share on total fatalities Pedestrian fatalities
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
To compare the pedestrian fatality numbers of different countries the respective population size has been taken into account (see Table 2). The rate varies from 5,5 pedestrian fatalities per million inhabitants in Sweden to 46,0 pedestrian fatalities by million inhabitants in Poland, a rate which is more than 8 times higher.
Table 2: Pedestrian fatalities per million inhabitants by country, 2005
Pedestrian
fatalities
Population
[million]
Pedestrian fatalities per
million inhabitantsBE 108 10,4 10,4
DK 44 5,4 8,1
EE 46 1,3 34,2
EL 234 11,1 21,1
ES 680 43,4 15,7
FR 635 62,7 10,1
IE** 64 4,1 15,7
IT* 710 58,2 12,2
LU*** 6,00 0,5 13,2
HU 289 10,1 28,7
MT 6 0,4 14,9
NL** 97 16,3 6,0
AT 97 8,2 11,8
PL 1.756 38,2 46,0
PT 214 10,5 20,3
FI 45 5,2 8,6
SE 50 9,0 5,5
UK 699 60,2 11,6
EU-18 5.780 355,3 16,3
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002 Source of population data: EUROSTAT
The proportion of fatalities who were
pedestrians fell slightly between 1996 and 2005.
The rate of pedestrian fatalities
per million population is highest
in Poland and Estonia.
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Figure 2: Pedestrian fatalities per million inhabitants by country, 2005
46,0
34,2
28,7
21,1
12,2 11,8 11,610,3 10,1
8,6 8,16,0 5,5
14,913,2
15,7
20,3
15,7
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
PL EE HU EL PT ES IE** MT LU*** IT* AT UK BE FR FI DK NL** SE
Pe
de
str
ian
fa
taliti
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by
millio
n in
ha
bit
an
ts
EU-18 average = 16,3
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002 Source of population data: EUROSTAT
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities in the total number of road traffic fatalities in each country is shown in Table 3. The proportion is lowest in The Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden, compared to 35,3% in Malta, 32,3% in Poland, and 27,2% in Estonia (see Figure 3). The EU-18 average is 17,5%.
Table 3: Pedestrian fatalities as a percentage of total fatalities, 2005
Pedestrian fatalities Total fatalities Ratio
BE 108 1.089 9,9%
DK 44 331 13,3%
EE 46 169 27,2%
EL 234 1.658 14,1%
ES 680 4.442 15,3%
FR 635 5.318 11,9%
IE** 64 337 19,0%
IT* 710 5.625 12,6%
LU*** 6 62 9,7%
HU 289 1.278 22,6%
MT 6 17 35,3%
NL** 97 1.028 9,4%
AT 97 768 12,6%
PL 1.756 5.444 32,3%
PT 214 1.247 17,2%
FI 45 379 11,9%
SE 50 440 11,4%
UK 699 3.336 21,0%
EU-18 5.780 32.968 17,5%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
The proportion of fatalities who were
pedestrians is lowest in Belgium
and The Netherlands.
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Figure 3: Pedestrian fatalities as a percentage of total fatalities, 2005
35,3%
32,3%
27,2%
22,6%
13,3% 12,6% 12,6%11,9% 11,9% 11,4%
9,9% 9,7% 9,4%
19,0%
21,0%
17,2%
14,1%15,3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
MT PL EE HU UK IE** PT ES EL DK AT IT* FR FI SE BE LU*** NL**
Pe
de
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ian
fa
taliti
es
/to
tal fa
taliti
es
EU-18 average = 17,5%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
Age and gender
The elderly are still the largest group in pedestrian fatalities. The very high number of the elderly (aged >64) pedestrian fatalities decreased in the last 10 years from 2.476 to 1.450 people (-41,4%), while all pedestrian fatalities were reduced by 36,8% in the same time period. The elderly are still the largest group in pedestrian fatalities. The change in pedestrian fatalities from 1996 to 20051 by age groups is presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4: EU-14 evolution of pedestrian fatalities by age group, 1996-20051
125
180 181
245218
246218
234 225254
238
291
413
458
585
543 533
357
166
73 6187
144175
151 163 150178 193 192 186 179
234
334
400 399
83 78
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0-4
5-9
10
-14
15
-19
20
-24
25
-29
30
-34
35
-39
40
-44
45
-49
50
-54
55
-59
60
-64
65
-69
70
-74
75
-79
80
-84
85
+
un
kn
ow
n
Age group
Pedestrian fatalities 1996 EU-14 Pedestrian fatalities 2005¹EU-14
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
In Malta and Poland about one in three
road accident fatalities is a pedestrian.
The pedestrian fatality rate peaks
about the age of 75.
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The proportion of fatalities who are pedestrians is high for children as well as the elderly (see Figure 5). A reason for this could be the lower level of motorization in these age groups. Table 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6 show that the elderly are a very important group when dealing with pedestrian road safety.
Figure 5: Pedestrian fatalities as a percentage of total fatalities by age group in EU-18, 20053
34% 35%
28%
8% 7% 7%9%
10%
14%
19%21% 20%
25%
28%
33%
39%
44%
54%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0-4
5-9
10
-14
15
-19
20
-24
25
-29
30
-34
35
-39
40
-44
45
-49
50
-54
55
-59
60
-64
65
-69
70
-74
75
-79
80
-84
85
+
Age group
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
Although children have a high proportion on pedestrian fatalities, they have a lower fatality rate as the average population (16,3 pedestrian fatalities by million inhabitants). The pedestrian fatality rate of the elderly is much higher than the average, increasing up from the age of 70 (see Figure 6). For total numbers of child and senior pedestrian fatalities see Table 4.
3
Using last data available, i.e. 2005 for all countries except LU (2002), IE and NL (2003) and IT (2004).
The proportion of fatalities who are
pedestrians is higher for children
and the elderly than for other age groups
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Table 4: Child (age 0-15) and elderly (age >64) pedestrian fatalities, 2005
Child pedestrian
fatalities (age 0-15)
Elderly pedestrian
fatalities (age >64)
Total pedestrian
fatalitiesBE 9 54 108
DK 3 18 44
EE 4 10 46
EL 11 126 234
ES 29 285 680
FR 40 325 635
IE** 8 22 64
IT* 23 381 710
LU*** 1 3 6
HU 9 90 289
MT 2 2 6
NL** 17 39 97
AT 11 43 97
PL 78 512 1.756
PT 10 87 214
FI 7 20 45
SE 3 22 50
UK 69 250 699
EU-18 334 2.288 5.780
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
Figure 6: Pedestrian fatalities per million inhabitants by age group, 20053 EU-18
4,4 4,9 6,1
10,0
16,117,8
15,418,0
22,0
33,0
46,0
56,8
60,9
9,0
12,79,8
11,69,2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0-4
5-9
10-1
4
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65-6
9
70-7
4
75-7
9
80-8
4
85+
Age group
Pe
de
str
ian
fa
taliti
es
pe
r m
illio
n in
ha
bit
an
ts p
er
ag
e g
rou
p
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007 Source of population data: EUROSTAT
Pedestrian fatalities of elderly people as a percentage of total pedestrian fatalities vary between countries (see Figure 7). In Greece, Italy, and France more than half of all pedestrian fatalities are the elderly, while elderly people account only for about one third of fatalities in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the new member states Malta, Poland and Hungary. Estonia has the lowest rate with only 21,7% senior pedestrian fatalities to total pedestrian fatalities. The European average lies at 39,6%.
The fatality rate of pedestrians at least 80 years old is ten times the rate for
children
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Figure 7: Senior pedestrian fatalities (age >64) as a percentage of total pedestrian fatalities, 2005
53,8% 53,7%51,2%
40,9% 40,4% 40,2%
34,4% 33,3%31,1%
29,2%
21,7%
35,8%
50,0%
44,4%
50,0%
44,3%41,9%
44,0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
EL IT* FR BE LU*** FI AT SE ES DK PT NL** UK IE** MT HU PL EE
Sen
ior
ped
estr
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fata
liti
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ota
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ed
estr
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fata
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EU-18 average = 39,6%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities who are children varies widely among the EU-18 countries. 18% of pedestrian fatalities in the Netherlands are children, compared with 3% of Italy and Hungary (see Figure 8)
Figure 8: Child pedestrian fatalities (age 0-15) as a percentage of total pedestrian fatalities, 2005
17,5%16,7%
15,6%
6,8% 6,3% 6,0%
3,1%3,2%4,3%4,4%
4,7%4,8%
33,3%
8,7% 8,3%
9,9%
12,5%11,3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
MT NL** LU*** FI IE** AT UK EE BE DK FR SE PT EL PL ES IT* HU
Ch
ild
ped
estr
ian
fata
liti
es/t
ota
l p
ed
estr
ian
fata
liti
es
EU-18 average = 5,8%
* Data from 2003 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2002 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
The different gender patterns of the mode of transport are reflected in the high proportion of female pedestrian fatalities, which is more than one third for pedestrian fatalities, while only being less than one quarter of all fatalities (see Figure 9). Figure 10 shows the details of gender distribution of pedestrian fatalities in the different Member States.
In Greece, Italy and France more than
half of all pedestrian fatalities are the
elderly.
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities
who are children varies widely among the EU-18 countries.
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Figure 9: Share of gender for pedestrians and for total fatalities in EU-18, 20053
Pedestrian fatalities by gender
female; 34%
male; 66%
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
Figure 10: Pedestrian fatalities by gender by country, 2005
60%68% 72%
59%64%
58%65%
69% 67% 67%
33%
59% 57%
71% 71%64% 62% 63% 66%
40%32% 28%
41%36%
42%35%
31% 33% 33%
67%
41% 43%
29% 29%36% 38% 37% 34%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
BE DK EE EL ES FR IE** IT* LU*** HU MT NL** AT PL PT FI SE UK EU-18
male female
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC
** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007 *** Data from 2002
Light conditions
The distribution of fatalities by light conditions (see Table 5) shows that pedestrians are in most danger during darkness with an average of 45,5%. This varies between the respective countries, from 85% in Estonia to 35% in The Netherlands, as presented in Figure 11. Luxemburg and Italy are excluded due to a high proportion of fatalities with unknown light conditions.
The proportion of pedestrian fatalities who are female is
higher than the overall proportion.
In every country, except Malta, are more male than female fatalities.
Total fatalities by gender
female; 23%
male; 77%
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Table 5: Pedestrian fatalities by light conditions by country, 2005
Darkness Daylight Daylight
or twilight
Twilight Unknown Total
BE 55 47 - 6 - 108
DK 20 17 - 6 1 44
EE 39 7 - - - 46
EL 97 115 - 22 - 234
ES 327 321 - 31 - 680
FR 253 344 - 38 - 635
IE** 36 - 28 - - 64
IT* - - - - 710 710
LU*** 1 - - - 5 6
HU 169 108 - 12 - 289
MT 4 2 - - - 6
NL** 34 57 - 6 - 97
AT 57 36 - 4 - 97
PL 1.038 541 - 177 - 1.756
PT 108 93 - 13 - 214
FI 23 22 - - - 45
SE 22 26 - 1 1 50
UK 348 10 334 - 7 699
EU-18 2.631 1.747 362 316 724 5.780
Share 45,5% 30,2% 6,3% 5,5% 12,5% 100,0%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
Figure 11: Pedestrian fatalities during darkness as a proportion of all pedestrian fatalities by country 2005 (excluding Italy and Luxembourg)
85%
67%
50%48%
40%
35%
59% 59%
41%
51% 51%51%58% 56%
47%45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
EE MT PL AT HU IE** FI BE PT UK ES DK SE EL FR NL** IT* LU***
Sh
are
of
pe
de
str
ian
fa
tali
tie
s d
uri
ng
da
rkn
es
s
(lig
ht
co
nd
itio
n k
no
wn
)
EU-18 average = 52,7%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
Seasonality
Table 6 shows the proportion of pedestrian fatalities in each quarter of 20051. Generally pedestrian fatalities are most frequent from October to December and least frequent from April to June. The proportion of the months October to December is especially high in northern countries like Finland Sweden. Only The Netherlands have less than a fifth of their pedestrian fatalities occurring between October and December.
Nearly half of all pedestrian fatalities
(45%) die in darkness.
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Table 6: Pedestrian fatalities by quarter of year by country, 2005
January -
March
April -
June
July -
September
October -
December
Total
BE 38 20 22 28 108
DK 14 10 8 12 44
EE 12 6 7 21 46
EL 60 53 49 72 234
ES 192 154 157 177 680
FR 162 125 149 199 635
IE** 20 15 9 20 64
IT* 178 145 152 235 710
LU*** - 1 1 4 6
HU 77 53 65 94 289
MT 2 1 3 - 6
NL** 32 22 26 17 97
AT 23 22 23 29 97
PL 430 296 430 600 1.756
PT 55 51 44 64 214
FI 16 5 7 17 45
SE 17 8 6 19 50
UK 184 166 138 211 699
EU-18 1.512 1.154 1.296 1.819 5.780
Share 26,2% 20,0% 22,4% 31,5% 100,0%
* Data from 2004 Source: CARE Database / EC ** Data from 2003 Date of query: October 2007
*** Data from 2002
Pedestrian fatalities show large differences in their seasonality compared to total fatalities (see Figure 12). They increase in autumn and decrease in spring with highest fatality numbers from November to January, while the peak season for total fatalities is in summer. The increased pedestrian fatalities during the winter compared to other seasons, are probably caused by the higher danger for pedestrians in darkness. The time of darkness/twilight is longer than in other seasons and compared to vehicles that use lights, pedestrians are much less visible. The months with the lowest numbers of killed pedestrians are April and May.
Figure 12: Pedestrian fatalities and total fatalities by month in EU-18, 20053
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
de
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ian
fa
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es
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
Nu
mb
er
of
tota
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es
Pedestrian fatalities 2005² Total fatalities 2005²
Source: CARE Database / EC Date of query: October 2007
April to June is the period of the year
with the lowest number of
pedestrian fatalities.
The number of pedestrian fatalities per month peaks in the winter, whereas the overall number of fatalities peaks in
the summer
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Disclaimer
The information in this document is provided as it is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. Therefore, the reader uses the information at their own risk and liability.
For more information
Further statistical information about fatalities is available from the CARE database at the Directorate-General for Energy and Transport of the European Commission, 28 Rue de Mot, B-1040 Brussels (see ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafety/road_safety_observatory/care_reports_en.htm). Traffic Safety Basic Fact Sheets available from the European Commission concern:
• Main Figures
• Children (Aged <16)
• Young People (Aged 16-24)
• The Elderly (Aged >64)
• Pedestrians
• Bicycles
• Motorcycle and Mopeds
• Car-Occupants
• Heavy Goods Vehicles
• Motorways
• Junctions
• Urban Areas
Definition of used Country abbreviations
BE Belgium EE Estonia
DK Denmark HU Hungary
EL Greece MT Malta
ES Spain PL Poland
FR France
IE Ireland
IT Italy BG Bulgaria
LU Luxembourg CZ Czech Republic
NL Netherlands DE Germany
AT Austria CY Cyprus
PT Portugal LV Latvia
FI Finland LT Lithuania
SE Sweden RO Romania
UK United Kingdom SI Slovenia
SK Slovakia
EU 14 EU 18 = EU 14 +
EU 27 = EU 18 +
Detailed data on traffic accidents are published annually by the European Commission in the Annual Statistical Report. This includes a glossary of definitions on all variables used.
Ped
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All these reports and more information on the Integrated Project SafetyNet, co-financed by the European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport are also available at the SafetyNet Website: www.erso.eu/.
Authors
Stefan Hoeglinger, Thomas Leitner KfV, Austria
George Yannis and Petros Evgenikos NTUA, Greece
Niels Bos and Martine Reurings SWOV, The Netherlands
Jeremy Broughton, Brian Lawton and Louise Walter
TRL, United Kingdom
Manuel Andreu, Jean-François Pace and Jaime Sanmartín
INTRAS-UVEG, Spain