BEYOND SOUP & NUGGETS:BEYOND SOUP & NUGGETS:Poultry production and consumption are growing at an unsustainable rate,

especially as demand increases in places like China. Our collective action canreduce the pressure on Earth's resources and improve public health.

THE GLOBAL EFFECTS OF CHINA'S POULTRY INDUSTRYTHE GLOBAL EFFECTS OF CHINA'S POULTRY INDUSTRY

Beijing University of Agriculture 2011.

Bingsheng, Ke, and Han Yijun. Poultry Sector in China: Structural Changes during the Past Decade and Future Trends.

China Animal Agriculture Association. (n.d.). H7N9.

Gustavsson, Jenny et al. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations, 2011. Print.

Hu, Xiangdong. “Research on Quality Safety and Risk Control of the Chicken Supply Chain in East China

Lan, Hongjie, and Yongbin Tian. “Analysis of the Demand Status and Forecast of Food Cold Chain in Beijing.” Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 6.1 (2013): 346–355. Web.

Liu, Gang, Xiaojie Liu, and Shengkui Cheng. “Food Security: Curb China’s Rising Food Wastage.” Nature 498.7453 (2013): 170–170.

Masudaa, Tadayoshi, and Peter D. Goldsmith. “China’s Meat and Egg Production and Soybean Meal Demand for Feed: An Elasticity Analysis and Long-Term Projections.” International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 15.3 (2012): 35–54

Mulder, Nan-dirk. Crossroads For Growth – The International Poultry Sector Towards 2020. Rabobank. Print.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2015). China Statistical Yearbook.

Patton, Dominique. “More than 40 Percent of China’s Arable Land Degraded: Xinhua.” Reuters 4 Nov. 2014. Web.

Piao, Shilong et al. “The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture in China.” Nature 467.7311 (2010): 43–51. Web.

Sharma, Shefali. The Need for Feed: China’s Demand for Industrialized Meat and Its Impacts. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, 2014.

Skillful Means: The Challenges with China’s Encounter with Factory Farming. Brighter Green, 2008.

Strom, Stephanie. “Chinese Chicken Processors Are Cleared to Ship to U.S.” The New York Times 30 Aug. 2013.

Walsh, Bryan. “Why Meat in China — and the U.S. — Has a Drug Problem.” Time.

Woolsey, Michael, Chanda Beckman, and Jianping Zhang. China Poultry and Products Annual 2011. USDA, 2011. Web.

Yin, Peihong, Xiuqi Fang, and Yaru Yun. “Regional Differences of Vulnerability of Food Security in China.” Journal of Geographical Sciences 19.5 (2009): 532–544.

Zhonggue Xumuye Tongji. (2000 - 2014). Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.

Zhonggue Xumuye Tongji. (2014). Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.

Ziegler, Edward H. China’s Cities, Globalization, and Sustainable Development: Comparative Thoughts on Urban Planning, Energy, and Environmental Policy. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 2007.

Sources

#ChineseChicken

China's poultry industry is the second largest in the world and growing rapidly.

CHINA’S CHICKEN INDUSTRY IS BOOMINGCHINA’S CHICKEN INDUSTRY IS BOOMING

China will consume 24% of all chicken produced in the

next two decades.

% of global consumption

Of total meat consumed in China,poultry comprised 20.4% in 2014,

compared to 8.3% in 1985.

Since the 1980s the amount of chickenconsumed annually in China has risen

from 1kg to 12.8kg per person.

Growing popularityPer capita consumption

1985

2014

CHINA20141985

GLOBAL

Global production growth

Poultry production increased 10 fold from 1985 to 2014and is predicted to reach 20 million tonnes by 2020.

In 2014, China produced 17.5 million tonnes of chicken annually. In 20 years, Asia is predicted to produce 40 million tonnes—

2/3 of global production.

China’s production growth

40M

17.5M

2014

1985

Chicken production consumes resources and contributes to greenhouse gas emissionsand water quality issues.

ONE CHICKEN, MANY RESOURCESONE CHICKEN, MANY RESOURCES

19.39 L WATER

4.052 Kg FEED

1.82 KWH ELECTRICITY

The water to produce one chicken is about a ten-day drinking supply for the average adult.

It takes .87 kg of coal to raise one chicken, enough to watch TV for 18 hours.

The amount of feed to produce onechicken takes 8.35 square meters to grow. That’s about the size of anaverage living room

Simple facility upgrades andhygiene improvements can reduce

greenhouse gas emissionsand water pollution.

China faces limited resources in comparison to their population.

China's large population and relatively limited arable land resources make food security a serious concern. The effects of climate change will heighten these challenges.

FOOD SECURITY IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGEFOOD SECURITY IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE

China feeds 20% of the world's population.

Climate change is predicted to decrease crop productivity in China in the coming years, possibly leading to substantial decreases in staple crop harvests.

China has only 8% of the world's arable landand 40% of that is degraded.

China has access to only 6.5%of the world's fresh water.

RICEWHEAT CORN

—22% —18%—30%These are also used

in chicken feed,implying more grain

must be importedto meet projected

growth.

20%8% 6.5%

These issues are too big to solve on our own. Collective action can reduce the pressureon Earth's resources and improve public health.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Spread the facts about #ChineseChicken by sharing this graphicon social media.

Raise awareness

Be an advocate for regulatory and policy changes that will helpensure you’re serving a safe and responsibly-made product.

Be an advocate

SHARE TWEET

Learn more about where and how your suppliers produce the foodyou sell. Demand transparency, sustainability, and accountability.

Educate yourself

Let your consumers know that food safety is a top priority—and explainwhy it should be a priority for them, too.

Educate your consumers

SHARE SHARE

Food waste and loss exacerbates resource scarcity issues and environmental impact.

WASTE OCCURS AT EVERY STAGEWASTE OCCURS AT EVERY STAGE

START

Animal raising: –2.9%(chicken farm)

END

Consumption : –8%

Slaughtering: –0.6%

Processing: –5%

Distribution & Retail: –6%

—20.27

Overall, about 20.3%of meat in Asia does

not get eaten

China's rising chicken production impacts the whole world.

THE REACH IS GLOBALTHE REACH IS GLOBAL

Countries exporting grains and soy for poultry feed to China

Countries where Chinese companies have invested in land to grow soybeans for livestock feed

Countries where Chinese companies have invested in land to grow corn for livestock feed

Use of soy mealwill increase 30% by2030, driving more

land investmentoutside of China.

China will import22 million tonnesof corn by 2023.

The US now allowsChina to ship fullycooked, frozen and

refrigerated chickento the United States,not requiring country

of origin labeling.

Industry changes are happening too rapidly for producers and regulators to keep up.

THE INDUSTRY IS SHIFTINGTHE INDUSTRY IS SHIFTING

The share of chicken sold in quick servicerestaurants is predicted to increase from

3% in 2010 to 7% in 2020.

Fast food

The share of chicken sold in grocery storesis predicted to increase from 8% in 2010 to

33% in 2020.

Retail

The share of chicken sold in wet marketsis predicted to decline from 77% in 2010 to

45% in 2020.

Wet market

20202020

20102010

2010

2020

From 2000 to 2014, the number of birds produced on small farms(less than 50k birds) decreased from 92% to 55%.

Small farms

From 2000 to 2014, the number of birds produced on large,industrial farms (50k to 1m birds) increased from 8% to 45%.

Industrial farms

2000 2005

20102014

20002005

2010

2014

% BIRDS PRODUCED

% B

IRDS

PRO

DUCE

D

Food safety concerns arise at every point in the supply chain. In 2016, President Xi Jinpingunderscored the need to implement the "strictest" measures to ensure food safety.

He said the strongest measures were needed, featuring rigorous standards, strict supervision,serious punishments and an authoritative accountability system.

THE ROAD TO THE CONSUMERTHE ROAD TO THE CONSUMER

Unhygienic processing conditions includeimproper disposal of animal fluids, lack of

heavy metal testing, water-injected chickenmeat and chemical residue.

Producers independently transport chickenas third-party logistics partners are unable toreliably maintain refrigeration and hygiene.

Retail stores sell unpackaged raw poultryproducts that can lead to increased spoilage

and cross contamination to other foods.

In July 2011, retail corn on average topped $0.43per kg compared to $0.33 in July 2010.

Feed costs account for 67.7% of productioncosts for some farmers.

Volatile prices

In 2011, shortages of chicken feedstocksin China, such as corn and soybeans, were

estimated at around 60 million tons.

Increased feed imports

Rural and farm labor is becoming increasingly scarce due to opportunities in urban areas.

Urbanization

Higher demand for poultry causes higher demand for feed. This need-for-feedcauses environmental impacts elsewhere—like expansion of agriculture into natural

habitat, an increase in global land conversion and additional water use.

RISING DEMAND DRIVES GLOBALIZATIONRISING DEMAND DRIVES GLOBALIZATION

$0.33/kg

$0.43/kg