beyond handles: the digital object architecture james m. erwin defense technical information center...
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Beyond Handles: The Digital Beyond Handles: The Digital Object ArchitectureObject Architecture
James M. ErwinJames M. Erwin
Defense Technical Information CenterDefense Technical Information Center
29 January 200329 January 2003
“The two truly transforming things, conceivably, might be in information technology and information operation and networking and connecting things in ways that they function totally differently than they had previously. And if that's possible, what I just said, that possibly the single-most transforming thing in our force will not be a weapon system, but a set of interconnections and a substantially enhanced capability because of that awareness.”
Secretary Rumsfeld - Aug 9, 2001
Defense TransformationDefense Transformation
Platform-CentricInformation Advantage
Net-CentricInformation AdvantageInformation
Quality Content AccuracyCompleteness Timeliness Relevance
• Local • Global• Regional
61 el. Theater
8GHz MBR
169 el. 7GHz MBT
44/20
256 element
TPA484 element
RPA
Net-Centric OperationsThe Way Ahead
Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO
3
Platform-CentricPlatform-Centric Net-CentricNet-Centric
Traditional stove-pipe approach Traditional stove-pipe approach v.v. Fused information available on the Net Fused information available on the Net
Net-Centric OperationsNet-Centric Operations A Fundamental ShiftA Fundamental Shift
533AF78533
Source: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIOSource: Margaret Myers, Principal Deputy OSD DCIO
System-Centric, “Stovepipe” Architecture System-Centric, “Stovepipe” Architecture ProblemsProblems• Pre-web, client/server, terminal/mainframe paradigm Pre-web, client/server, terminal/mainframe paradigm
– Content is typically application specific and relies on specific Content is typically application specific and relies on specific systems systems and platformsand platforms to provide access, to provide access, accessaccess controlcontrol, and presentation, and presentation
– Content is often not visible to the web, i.e. “Deep Web” problemContent is often not visible to the web, i.e. “Deep Web” problem
• Content lacks flexibility and extensibility. Difficult to to do Content lacks flexibility and extensibility. Difficult to to do versioning, dynamic creation, appropriate disseminations, and versioning, dynamic creation, appropriate disseminations, and support intra/inter-organizational reuse or value-addingsupport intra/inter-organizational reuse or value-adding
• Content quickly becomes unauthoritative as it is downloaded and Content quickly becomes unauthoritative as it is downloaded and reusedreused– OutdatedOutdated– InsecureInsecure
• Architecture lacks coherent Architecture lacks coherent preservation strategypreservation strategy
What are the Characteristics of a Net-What are the Characteristics of a Net-Centric Information Space?Centric Information Space?• Content is:Content is:
– PersistentPersistent– Visible Visible – AuthoritativeAuthoritative– ExtensibleExtensible– Reusable Reusable – Interoperable across platformsInteroperable across platforms
• Content supports:Content supports:– Dynamic relationshipsDynamic relationships– Value addingValue adding
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Digital Object ArchitectureDigital Object Architecture
• Network paradigmNetwork paradigm– Content is Content is notnot application specific and does not rely on specific application specific and does not rely on specific
systems and platformssystems and platforms to provide access, to provide access, accessaccess controlcontrol, and , and presentationpresentation
– Content can easily be made visible to the webContent can easily be made visible to the web
• Content is flexible and extensibleContent is flexible and extensible– Lends itself to versioning, dynamic creation, appropriate Lends itself to versioning, dynamic creation, appropriate
disseminations, and intra/inter-organizational reusedisseminations, and intra/inter-organizational reuse– Supports the establishment of content relationshipsSupports the establishment of content relationships– Is networkable across system/organizational boundariesIs networkable across system/organizational boundaries– Content remains authoritative as it is accessed and reusedContent remains authoritative as it is accessed and reused– Supports coherent preservation strategiesSupports coherent preservation strategies
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Digital Object Architecture ComponentsDigital Object Architecture Components
RepositoriesRepositories Contain digital objectsContain digital objects Are, themselves, digital objectsAre, themselves, digital objects Repository Access Protocol (RAP)Repository Access Protocol (RAP) Platform independentPlatform independent
Handle SystemHandle System Persistent identificationPersistent identification Distributed ArchitectureDistributed Architecture
Digital ObjectsDigital Objects Persistently identifiedPersistently identified Self containedSelf contained
- Self describedSelf described- Self awareSelf aware
Integral access controlIntegral access control ExtensibleExtensible
Resource DiscoveryResource Discovery Search enginesSearch engines DatabasesDatabases Digital informationDigital information Digital objectsDigital objects
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Digital ObjectsDigital ObjectsContent-centric, instead Content-centric, instead of, System-centricof, System-centric
Handle - Hamlet
HandleHandle
Type - textType - text
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
Content Type Disseminators
HandleHandle
Type - audioType - audio
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
HandleHandle
Type - movieType - movie
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
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Digital Object Example: Federal Digital Object Example: Federal Management RegulationManagement Regulation
Handle - FMR
Content Type DisseminatorsVersion disseminations
Data ElementsData Elements
HandleHandle
Type - FMRType - FMR
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Version 1Data ElementsData Elements
HandleHandle
Type - FMRType - FMR
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Version 2
HandleHandle
Type – FMRType – FMR
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
Version 3
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Digital Object ChainingDigital Object Chaining
Handle - German Summary of Hamlet
Content Type Disseminators
Hamlet - TextHamlet -
German SummaryHamlet - Summary
Data ElementsData Elements
HandleHandle
Type - TextType - Text
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
HandleHandle
Type - SummaryType - Summary
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
HandleHandle
Type – German tr.Type – German tr.
ServletServlet
AttachmentsAttachments
Data ElementsData Elements
Content Type Disseminators
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RepositoriesRepositories
Repository2
RAP
Client
Repository1
RAP
Client
RAP
Also include contentdisseminations
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Client
Repository A
Repository B
Digital Object ArchitectureDigital Object ArchitectureR
eso
lve
r
Client
Repository 1
Repository 2
Enhanced Handle ServiceEnhanced Handle Service
Re
solv
er
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Digital Object Architecture Business Case Digital Object Architecture Business Case • Provides useful, Provides useful, authoritativeauthoritative, visible, and dynamic access to , visible, and dynamic access to
informationinformation– Encourages the innovative, value-added, dynamic and, therefore, Encourages the innovative, value-added, dynamic and, therefore, effective effective
useuse of digital information of digital information– Provides global Provides global visibility/coordinationvisibility/coordination over information over information– ControlsControls access to information access to information – ReusesReuses generated content, techniques, and disseminations generated content, techniques, and disseminations– PreservesPreserves information functionality information functionality – Discourages generation of multiple, and potentially different, versions of Discourages generation of multiple, and potentially different, versions of
informationinformation • Provides Provides interoperabilityinteroperability and platform independence and platform independence• Provides greater securityProvides greater security
– Supports real-time access control changesSupports real-time access control changes– Supports partial disseminationSupports partial dissemination
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What’s Been DoneWhat’s Been Done
• Handles:Handles:– Established Handles infrastructure - CNRIEstablished Handles infrastructure - CNRI
– Established DOIs, registry agencies, and transfer mechanisms for Established DOIs, registry agencies, and transfer mechanisms for the commercial publishing industry -- CNRI and DOI Foundationthe commercial publishing industry -- CNRI and DOI Foundation
– Implemented the DOD Handles Service and Handles Registry for Implemented the DOD Handles Service and Handles Registry for DTIC held unclassified/unlimited technical reports -- DTIC DTIC held unclassified/unlimited technical reports -- DTIC
• Digital Object Architecture:Digital Object Architecture:– Implemented a prototype Digital Object Repository, i.e. Defense Implemented a prototype Digital Object Repository, i.e. Defense
Virtual Library, for technical reports, photographs, sound files, and Virtual Library, for technical reports, photographs, sound files, and moving images -- DTIC and CNRImoving images -- DTIC and CNRI
– Successfully tested repository interoperability -- CNRI and Cornell Successfully tested repository interoperability -- CNRI and Cornell UniversityUniversity
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Real CapabilityReal Capability
• Handles:Handles:– Handles reference from STINETHandles reference from STINET
http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/index.html
– Handles reference from Naval Postgraduate SchoolHandles reference from Naval Postgraduate School http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/distance.htm
– Handles RegistryHandles Registry http://hdl.dtic.mil/wobin/WebObjects/Handles
• Digital Object ArchitectureDigital Object Architecture– Defense Virtual LibraryDefense Virtual Library
http://dvl.dtic.mil/
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What Needs to be DoneWhat Needs to be Done
• Implement an expanded Handles ServiceImplement an expanded Handles Service– Provide persistent identification of and access to public release and Provide persistent identification of and access to public release and
limited informationlimited information– Provide multiple Handle resolutionProvide multiple Handle resolution– Partnership with other government organizations to provide Partnership with other government organizations to provide
persistent identification of digital informationpersistent identification of digital information
Get persistent control over Get persistent control over government information!!!government information!!!
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What Needs to be DoneWhat Needs to be Done
• Implement Digital Object ArchitectureImplement Digital Object Architecture– Demonstrate capabilities and benefits of the Digital Object Demonstrate capabilities and benefits of the Digital Object
Architecture in a Architecture in a real worldreal world environment, e.g. R&D Life Cycle environment, e.g. R&D Life Cycle documents, conference proceedings, STI, complex documents, documents, conference proceedings, STI, complex documents, FMRs, Directives and Instructions, and FAR/DFARFMRs, Directives and Instructions, and FAR/DFAR
– Demonstrate integrated access to multiple information repositories Demonstrate integrated access to multiple information repositories – Develop robust, reusable access control disseminatorsDevelop robust, reusable access control disseminators– Develop digital object based preservation strategiesDevelop digital object based preservation strategies– Develop a metadata registry to support cross-repository information Develop a metadata registry to support cross-repository information
discoverydiscovery
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Interested in Partnering with DTIC?Interested in Partnering with DTIC?
• ContactContact– Jim Erwin - (703) 767-9180Jim Erwin - (703) 767-9180
– Barbara Nekoba (Handles) - (703) 767-8004Barbara Nekoba (Handles) - (703) 767-8004
– Steve Markheim (Digital Object Architecture) - 767-8053Steve Markheim (Digital Object Architecture) - 767-8053
• {jerwin; bnekoba; smarkhei}@dtic.mil{jerwin; bnekoba; smarkhei}@dtic.mil