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Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Dr. Hediye Tyde Yaman Assoc.Prof. Middle East Technical University Urban Traffic Safety in Turkey: Safe Speed Limits and Enforcement Turkish Road Association Road and Traffic Safety Work Group Ezgi Kundakc Yldz Terziolu Mustafa Ik Kenan Kayac Slide 2 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 OUTLINE 1.Urban Road/Traffic Safety and Speed 2.Speed Management in Urban Regions -Speed and Road Design -Speed and Mobility -Speed and City Planning 3.Electronic Speed Enforcement 4.Legislative Support 5.Conclusions 2 Slide 3 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 1.Road/Traffic Safety -- 101 Transportation is a derived demand we travel to gain added value Safety is an essential part of ideal transportation we do not want do lose (...) as a cost of transportation Safety is a must for sustainable transportation In road transportation, key elements vehicle +human + road +... Traffic accidents (a more correct term crashes) happen as a result of a malfunction between the key elements 3 Slide 4 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 1.Road/Traffic Safety- WHO Road Safety Report World Health Organization 2009 Global status report Public Health Issue! Recommendations: 4 Slide 5 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 1.Road/Traffic Safety -- Speed Road/Traffic safety and speed vehicle + driver + road + climate +... Speeding traveling too fast for conditions or in excess of the posted speed limits Conditions geometry (superelevation, sight distance, etc.), climate, driver (perception& reaction, age, experience, etc.) FHWA Speeding is a complex issue involving engineering (E), driving behavior, education (E), and enforcement (E) we need an interdiciplinary team and approach to improve traffic and road/traffic safety ! 5 Slide 6 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks 6 Slide 7 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks Need to balance mobility and access (which requires functional design) 7 Slide 8 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks Need to balance mobility and access (which requires functional design) Complex relationship between land use and transportation 8 Slide 9 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks Need to balance mobility and access (which requires functional design) Complex relationship between land use and transportation Various road users (motorized and non-motorized traffic) Difficulty to develop and force geometric standards Difficulty to enforce on all the urban road segments 9 Slide 10 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks Need to balance mobility and access (which requires functional design) Complex relationship between land use and transportation Various road users (motorized and non-motorized traffic) Difficulty to develop and force geometric standards 10 Slide 11 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 2. Urban Road/Traffic Safety more challenging due to Complexity of the urban road networks Need to balance mobility and access (which requires functional design) Complex relationship between land use and transportation Various road users (motorized and non-motorized traffic) Difficulty to develop and force geometric standards Difficulty to enforce on all the urban road segments 11 Slide 12 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Urban speed management designing and planning safely ! More challenging in developing countries with continuing migration to the cities Turkish population Rural Urban In 1920s ~ %80 %20 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 12 Slide 13 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Urban speed management designing and planning safely ! In 1920s ~ %80 %20 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 13 Slide 14 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Urban speed management designing and planning safely ! In 1920s ~ %80 %20 1924 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 14 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Slide 15 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Urban speed management designing and planning safely ! In 1920s ~ %80 %20 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 2015 15 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Slide 16 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Urban speed management designing and planning safely ! In 1920s ~ %80 %20 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 2015 16 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Slide 17 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Urban traffic safety urban speed management designing and planning safely ! More challenging in developing countries with continuing migration to the cities Turkish population Rural Urban In 1920s ~ %80 %20 Motorized Vehicles 1935 7 610 1955 80 757 1975 917 958 1995 5 922 859 2005 11 145 826 In 2008 ~ %20 %80 2015 (June) 19 407 326 17 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Regions Slide 18 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency 18 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 19 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency 19 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 20 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time city development despite master plans construction without proper planning! no serious Traffic Impact Analysis 20 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 21 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time construction without proper planning! Reason 3: Designing for mobility not safety downtowns are divided by expressways! 21 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 22 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time construction without proper planning! Reason 3: Designing for mobility not safety not for pedestrians at all! 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 23 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time construction without proper planning! Reason 3: Designing for mobility not safety not for pedestrians at all! Reason 4: Local governments lack of ability and motivation to evaluate traffic safety no road safety audits no road safety inspections 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 24 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time construction without proper planning! Reason 3: Designing for mobility not safety not for pedestrians at all! Reason 4: Local governments lack of ability and motivation to evaluate traffic safety no road safety audits no road safety inspections no hotspot detection 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 25 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 Did we plan and develop the cities safely ? Not really ! Reason 1: Lack of a well developed public transportation system private car dependency Reason 2: Planning takes time construction without proper planning! Reason 3: Designing for mobility not safety not for pedestrians at all! Reason 4: Local governments lack of ability and motivation to evaluate traffic safety no road safety audits no road safety inspections no hotspot detection no legaslation requiring it! 3. Urban Speed Management in Developing Turkey Slide 26 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Urban Speed Management in Legislation in Turkey Current Legislation on Speed and Safety: 1.Highway Traffic Law (No: 2918) (Karayollar Trafik Kanunu) Urban Intercity Motorway No urban road classification / functional design Slide 27 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Urban Speed Management in Legislation in Turkey Current Legislation on Speed and Safety: 1.Highway Traffic Law (No: 2918) - (Karayollar Trafik Kanunu) 2. Urban Law (No:3194) (mar Kanunu) 27 Defines minimum road width as 10 m Requires preparation of technical infrastructure impact evaluation References to concepts of Boulevard, Avenue and Street but no formal definition for any of them ! Slide 28 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Urban Speed Management in Legislation in Turkey Current Legislation on Speed and Safety: 1.Highway Traffic Law (No: 2918) - (Karayollar Trafik Kanunu) 2. Urban Law (No:3194) - (mar Kanunu) 3. Metropolitan Law (No:5216) Regulation on Transportation Coordination Center (UKOME) (Bykehir Yasas- UKOME Ynetmelii ) Speed limit can be increase/decreased to 50 32 km/hr based on UKOME decisions provided that necessary precautions are taken Defines members (11/16 seats for municipality members) Works on simple majority principle voting for speed limit decisions Slide 29 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Urban Speed Management in Legislation in Turkey Current Legislation on Speed and Safety: 1.Highway Traffic Law (No: 2918) - (Karayollar Trafik Kanunu) 2. Urban Law (No:3194) - (mar Kanunu) 3. Metropolitan Law (No:5216) Regulation on Transportation Coordination Center (UKOME) (Bykehir Yasas- UKOME Ynetmelii ) Additional article giving 30% income of Electronic Enforcement Fines to Local Goverments funding the systems Slide 30 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Urban Speed Management in Legislation in Turkey Current Legislation on Speed and Safety: 1.Highway Traffic Law (No: 2918) - (Karayollar Trafik Kanunu) 2. Urban Law (No:3194) - (mar Kanunu) 3. Metropolitan Law (No:5216) Regulation on Transportation Coordination Center (UKOME) (Bykehir Yasas- UKOME Ynetmelii ) 4. Energy Efficiency Law (No:5627) Enerji Verimlilii Kanunu Suggests urban transportation master plans for cities population >100,000 revised every 10 year ! No guidelines for master plans in the legislation except for document prepared by the Union of Municipalities of Turkey Slide 31 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Conclusion and Suggested Road Map To manage urban speed and traffic safely, i)We need classified road definitions for urban regions based on their functions in the Traffic Law urban expressway, major arterial, minor arterial, collector, local ii)Speed zone concept is needed at the minimum for pedestrian zone and pedestrian priority zone in the planning legislation iii) Define proper speed limits for urban road corridors Slide 32 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Conclusion and Suggested Road Map To manage urban speeds safely, i)We need classified road definitions for urban regions based on their functions in the Traffic Law urban expressway, major arterial, minor arterial, collector, local ii)Speed zone concept is needed at the minimum for pedestrian zone and pedestrian priority zone in the planning legislation iii) Define proper speed limits for urban road corridors iv) Annual and independent evaluation of road and traffic safety for urban regions road safety inspection!!! v) Before and after (upto 3 years) evaluation of corridors that had speed limit increased by UKOMEs Slide 33 Better Roads. Better World. Green, Accessible, Intelligent Transport (GAIT) -2015 4. Conclusion and Suggested Road Map Thank you for your attention ! Thanks to many Internet users for sharing visuals making it easy to deliver the message ! For further questions, please contact me at htuydes@metu.edu.trhtuydes@metu.edu.tr