benzene argus - modified bitumen presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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By NARAYANAN ELLANGO B.Eng, M.Sc (Eng)
www.benzeneinternational.com
Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
ARGUS ASIAN BITUMEN 2011SINGAPORE
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POLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMENAN INTRODUCTION:
SIMPLYBITUMEN+MODIFIER=MODIFIEDBITUMEN
DevelopmentsinthemanufacturingprocessofPolymerModifiedBitumen(PMB)areconstantlyincreasingtheendperformanceofroadandasphaltsurfaces.ModifiedBitumenhasbeenusedforover30yearsandwasintroducedinthe80’s.Manufacturesarecontinuallystrivingtoimprovetheperformancethroughtighterqualitycontrolsandadvancedmanufacturingprocessesemployed.Manylocalauthoritiesnowrecommendtheuseofaminimumof10%modifiedbitumenwhichresultsinlongerlastingroadswithbetterperformance.
Awell-engineeredbindercanbethedeterminingwhetherabitumenproductwillperformundertherigoursofmoderndaytrafficconditions.
Throughresearchandcalculatedstatisticsofincreasedoveralltrafficvolumes,tirepressures,heavyaxleloadings,speedoftraffic,environmentalandclimatechangesandconcerns,havedemandedinnovativeroadconstructiondesignsandmaterialstobeutilised.
Polymerswereintroducedtobitumentomodifyitsoriginalbehaviour.Theytypeandquantityofpolymeradded,thebasedbitumenbinderusedandtheproductiontechniqueusedwillgreatlyinfluencetheendperformancecharacteristicsofthemodifiedbitumenproduced.Abalancebetweentheviscosityandelasticspropertiesofabinder,canbefound,controlledandachievedbyusingthecorrectbasebitumenandpolymer.
Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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WHATAREPOLYMERS?
DEFINITION:Anyofnumerousnaturalandsyntheticcompoundsofusuallyhighmolecularweightconsistingofuptomillionsofrepeatedlinkedunits,eacharelativelylightandsimplemolecule.
•Verylargemolecules
•Madeupofsmallermonomers
•Commonbothinnatureandeverydaylife
•Firstsyntheticpolymerscreatedaround1910
•Varyingmoleculesandlengths
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
KRATONPOLYMERSThemaingradesusedinbitumenapplicationsare:
Kraton D1184polymerandKRATOND1186polymerarethe industrybenchmarkpolymersKraton D1101polymerforexceptionallowtemperatureperformanceKraton G1650polymerforthoseapplicationsthatrequireoutstandingheatandoxidationresistancesuchashotmoppingasphaltbinders.Kraton D1118polymerforimprovedflowofself-adhesiveproductsKraton Dpolymer based on isoprene forincreasedtackinself-adhesiveproducts,alsoatlowtemperatures.
HIGHSHEARMIXERSHighshearmixersgrindthepolymerwhileimmersedinthebitumen.Thepolymerismixedintothebitumenandpassedthroughthehighshearmixer,tocuttheparticlesintosmallpieces.Thesizeofthepiecesisinfluencedbythegapwidthbetweenthestatorandtherotor.Decreasingsize,increasesthespecificsurfacearea,speedinguptheabsorptionoftheoilycomponentsinthebitumen.
Theabsorptionofoilycomponentssoftensthepolymerparticles,andallowsshearforcesinthehighshearmixertotearandstretchtheseparticles,furtherincreasingthespecificsurfacearea.Eventuallythisshouldresultinahomogeneousdispersionofthepolymerthroughoutthebitumen.
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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ADVANTAGESOFUSINGMODIFIEDBITUMEN:
•HigherResistancetoDeformationatHighTemperature•EnhancedDeformationResistancetoLowTemperatureCracking•ImprovedTemperatureSusceptibility•ImprovedAgingResistance•ImprovedAdhesionbetweenAggregateandBinder•HigherFatigueLifeofMixes•DelayinThermal/ReflectiveCracking•OverallExtendedPavementSurfaceLife•SavingsinTotalRoadLifeCosting.•ImprovedBinderFilmThickness•ImprovedCohesion•ImprovedWorkability•ImprovedFuelResistance•ImprovedWaterResistance•NotdetrimentaltobasicpropertiesofBitumenandEnhancesthem.
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1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
MO
DU
LUS
TEMPERATURE °C
EFFECT OF POLYMERS
50 pen bitumen
Plastomer Modified bitumen
Elastomer Modified bitumen
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1E+02
1E+03
1E+04
1E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05
MICRO
STR
AIN
CYCLESTOFAILURE
EFFECTSOFPOLYMERS
Unmodified
PlastomerModified
ElastomerModified
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Fig 1.0.Severe rutting on a road built with Unmodified Bitumen, after just two years since
completion.
Fig 2.0.Roads built with Modified Bitumen can have a lifespan of over 6 years.
ADVANTAGES OF USING MODIFIED BITUMEN
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UNMODIFIEDBITUMENBINDERUSEDFORROADSURFACE
MODIFIEDBITUMENUSEDFORTHINNERROADSURFACE
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TYPESOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBINDERSThePerformanceGraded(PG)Systemisamethodofmeasuringasphaltbinderperformance.ThissystemwasintroducedintheUSAandoriginallydevelopedduringtheStrategicHighwayResearchProgram(SHRP)intheearly90’s.TheSuperpave™performancegrading(PG)specificationclassifiesasphaltbindersintoperformancegradesthatchangeat6°Cintervalsaccordingtotheserviceclimate.ExamplesofPolymerModifiedBitumenareHighImpactPerformanceGradeBitumenPG76-10 andPG82-10,bothcanwithstandthetoughestconditionsandiscreatedwithahighresistancetostrongshearingforces.Thistypeofmodifiedbitumeniscommonlyusedonracetracks,railwaytracksandairstripsduetoincreasedresistancetofuelspillage.Thisspecialistgradeofbitumenisoftenconsideredasmuchmoreexpensive,butinthelongrunwilloffersignificantcostsavingsduetolowermaintenancecosts.
WhenPolymerModifiedBitumen(PMB)iscombinedwithmineralaggregatesitprovideshighercohesionandbetteradhesioncomparedtoconventionalandpavingbitumengrades.PMBalsooffersgreatelasticrecoveryafterrelief.AdditionaladvantagesandbenefitsofusingPMBincludethefollowing:Lowersusceptibilitytotemperaturevariations,higherresistancetodeformationwearandtearandIncreaseinfatiguelife.IncolderclimaticconditionsandwintermonthsthePMBstopscrackingthatoccurswhentheroadsurfacecontracts.Ontheothersideofthespectrum,inextremehotclimaticconditionsandsummermonthsthePMBstopstheasphaltfromsoftening,whenroadsurfacetemperaturesmayexceed65°C.CommonlyusedintheGulf,TheAmericas,CanadaandthroughAfrica.
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
TEST SPECIFICATIONFlash Point Temperature (°C), T48 230 Min
Viscosity, ASTM D4402: Maximum, 3 Pa·s Test Temperature (°C)
135
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 1.00 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
76
ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (T240) OR THIN FILM OVEN (T179) RESIDUE
Mass loss, Maximum 1%
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 2.20 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
76
PRESSURE AGING VESSEL RESIDUE
P.A.V. Aging Temperature (°C) 110
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 5000 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
37
PHYSICAL HARDENING REPORT
Creep Stiffness, TP1 Stiffness, Maximum, 300.0 MPa at 60 seconds m-value, Minimum, 0.300 at 60 seconds Test Temperature (°C)
0
Direct Tension, TP3 Failure Strain, Minimum, 1.0% (loading rate of 1.0 mm/min) Test Temperature (°C)
0
HIGHIMPACTPERFORMANCEGRADEPG76-10SPECIFICATIONS
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
TEST SPECIFICATIONFlash Point Temperature (°C), T48 230 Min
Viscosity, ASTM D4402: Maximum, 3 Pa·s Test Temperature (°C)
135
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 1.00 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
82
ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (T240) OR THIN FILM OVEN (T179) RESIDUE
Mass loss, Maximum 1%
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 2.20 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
82
PRESSURE AGING VESSEL RESIDUE
P.A.V. Aging Temperature (°C) 110
Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 5000 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s
40
PHYSICAL HARDENING REPORT
Creep Stiffness, TP1 Stiffness, Maximum, 300.0 MPaat 60 seconds m-value, Minimum, 0.300 at 60 seconds Test Temperature (°C)
0
Direct Tension, TP3 Failure Strain, Minimum, 1.0% (loading rate of 1.0 mm/min) Test Temperature (°C)
0
HIGHIMPACTPERFORMANCEGRADEPG82-10SPECIFICATIONS
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TYPESOFMODIFIEDBITUMEN
1.PlastomericThermoPlasticBasedType-A(PMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedPolymerusedPE,EVA,EBA,EMAetc.
2.ElastomericThermoplasticBasedType-B(PMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedPolymerusedSIS,SBS,ETPetc.
3.NaturalRubberBasedType-C(NRMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedLatexorRubberpowder
4.CrumbRubberBasedType-D(CRMB50,55,60)–SofteningPointBasedCrumbRubberpowderfromdiscardedtrucktires
(HighViscosityBitumen– Class170&320deservesamentionhere)
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S.NO Characteristic
Requirements ASTM Standards
PMB(P)-120 PMB(P)-70 PMB(P)-40
1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50D 5
2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60 D 36
3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12 -
4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min or 50 40 30 D 6084
G*/sin?, min1.0 kpa, 25 mm plate, 10rad/s at a temp °C 52 58 72
5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220 D 92
6Separation, Difference in Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Max 3 3 3
-
7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9
D 2170/D4402
8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -D 2872
8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0 D 6
8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec, %, Max 35 35 35
-
8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5-
8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min or 35 30 20 D 6085
A. SPECIFICATIONOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,PMB(P)
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S. NO Characteristic
Requirement ASTM Standards
PMB(E)120 PMB(E)70 PMB(E)40
1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50
D5
2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60D36
3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12-
4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 70 70 70D6084
5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D92
6Separation, Difference in Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Max 3 3 3
-
7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9D2176
8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -
D2872
8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0D6
8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5 s, %, Max 35 35 35
-
8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5
-
8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 50 50 50D6085
B.SPECIFICATIONOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,PMB(E)
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S.NO Characteristic
Requirement ASTM Standards
NRMB 120 NRMB 70 NRMB40
1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50
D 5
2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 45 50 55D 36
3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12-
4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 50 40 30D 6084
5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D 92
6Separation, Difference in Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Max 3 3 3
-
7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9
D 2170/D4402
8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -
D 2872
8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0D 6
8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5 s, %, Max 35 35 35
-
8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5
-
8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 35 25 20D 6085
C.SPECIFICATION OFNATURALRUBBERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,NRMB
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S.NO PROPERTIES CRMB50
CRMB55
CRMB60
ASTM STANDARDS
1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec < 70 < 60 < 50D5
2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60D36
3 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 50 50 50D6084
4 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D92
5Separation, Difference in Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Max 4 4 4
-
6 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9D2170/D4402
7 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -D2872
7a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0 D6
7bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5s, %,Max 40 40 40
-
7c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5-
7d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 35 35 35D6085
D.SPECIFICATION OFCRUMBRUBBERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,CRMB
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Lowest Mean Air Temperature °C Highest Air Mean Temperature °C
Less than 20°C 20°C to 30°C More than 30°C
More than -10°C PMB / NRMB 55 PMB / NRMB 45 PMB / NRMB 50
CRMB 50 CRMB 55 CRMB 60
-10°C or lower PMB / NRMB 55 PMB / NRMB 120 PMB / NRMB 45
CRMB 50 CRMB 50 CRMB 55
SELECTIONCRITERIAFORGRADESOFMODIFIEDBITUMEN
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STAGE OF WORK INDICATED TEMPERATURE °C
BITUMEN AT MIXING TEMPERATURE 165 - 185
AGGREGATE AT MIXING 165 - 185
MIX AT MIXING PLANT 150 - 170
MIX AT LAYING 130 - 160
ROLLING AT LAYING SITE 115 - 145
WORKING TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTFORMODIFIEDBITUMEN
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S.No Properties Requirement
Hot Climate
Cold Climate
High Rainfall
1 Marshall Stability (75 12 10 12
blows) at 60oC, kN, Max - - -
2 Marshall Flow at 60oC, mm 2.5-4.0 3.5-5.0 3.0-4.5
3 Marshall Quotient, kg/mm - 250-500 -
4 Voids in Compacted Mix, % - 3.0-5.0 -
5 Modified Binder Content byweight of mix-min*
5.4% - 5.6% 4.7% - 5.2%
4.3% - 4.7%
6Retained stability after 24 hrs. in
water at 60oC %, min 90 95 100
7 Coating with aggregate, % 95 95 100
REQUIREMENTS OFMIXPREPAREDWITHMODIFIEDBITUMEN
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ENVIRONMENTALADVANTAGESOFUSINGPMBEconomicgrowthandchangingconsumptionandproductionpatternsareresultingintorapidincreaseingenerationofwasteplasticsintheworld.Theworld’sannualconsumptionofplasticmaterialshasincreasedfromaround5milliontonnesinthe1950stonearly100milliontonnes;thus,20timesmoreplasticisproducedtodaythan50yearsago.Thisimpliesthatononehand,moreresourcesarebeingusedtomeettheincreaseddemandofplastic,andontheotherhand,moreplasticwasteisbeinggenerated.InAsiaandthePacific,aswellasmanyotherdevelopingregions,plasticconsumptionhasincreasedmuchmorethantheworldaverageduetorapidurbanizationandeconomicdevelopment.
Manyoftheseplasticscouldbeandareusedinthemanufactureofhighqualitymodifiedbitumensuchas:
Thereisalargeamountofplasticwastebeinggeneratedfromhouseholdandagriculturalwaste,e.g.plasticbottlesandpoly'tunnels.Itisquitefeasibleforsomeofthismaterialtobeincorporatedintobituminousmixtures,bothasan"aggregate"bulkingmaterial,andasamodifier/improverofexistingbituminousmixtures.
The plastics/polymerswiththemostobviouspotentialarelowandhighdensitypolyethylenes,(LDPEandHDPE).Ascollectionandsortingofthesematerialsbecomesmoreestablishedandmechaniseditispossiblethat"mountains"ofreclaimedmaterialwillreducecosttothepointwheretheinclusionofthesematerialsinbituminousmixtureswillbecommerciallydriven.
Considerableresearchwork,worldwide,isbeingperformedontheinclusionof"rubbercrumb"fromoldtyrestofindanenvironmentalanswertodisposingofusedtyres,whilstimprovingthepropertiesofthebituminousmixturesthatcontainthisrubber.
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
Which Is Approximately $2400 / Km of Road, in Savings
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http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com
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Sadhan Ghosh is president of the International Society of Waste Management, Air and Water (ISWMAW), India and professor of Mechanical Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. e-mail: [email protected] include Sannidhya Ghosh, a day scholar at the university and Asit Aich, executive engineer, department of municipal affairs, Government of West Bengal, Kharagpur.
http://www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display/6652396623/articles/waste-management-world/volume-12/issue-5/features/rebuilding-c-d-waste-recycling-efforts-in-india.html
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Prof. Vasudavan responded to this blog entry that it was a Project by a final Year Student and it never take up after the trial run.
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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POLYMERS USED IN TONERS – THE KIWI WAY
http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2011/03/used-toners-on-road.html
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http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2010/03/recycling-of-roads-in-singapore-lta-way.html
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
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Russia’s Gazprom and SIBUR is implementing TPE ( Thermo Plastic Elastomers ) in Road Construction..
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UCO- Used Cooking Oil with Bitumen… What about Bio-Diesel ?
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http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2009/05/pmb-saviour-for-mumbai-roads.html
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PMB- Using Netherlands’ technology in India, thanks to Col. Tiwari
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It’s German Technology for the bleeding Bridge- Excessive Traffic moves the bitumen
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SBS for High Stress Surfaces ( Race Track )
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NR –Cheaper , More resistant to Brittleness, fatigue and less rutting
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
CONCLUSIONS1. The High Cost of Polymers is still a cause for concern.2. Bitumen prices are on the rise. 3. Natural Disasters like flooding which erode roads is another factor taken into consideration. 4. CRMB AND NRMB Should be more actively specified. 5. Advance Economies are still the major users of PMB. Local Road Authorities in Developing Countries should
be better informed of the benefits of using Modified Bitumen over standard grades.6. Increased traffic conditions will and are reducing the life span of roads. Modified bitumen is a means of
prevention, and ultimately will be the cure. It will save millions of dollars in the future and reduce the amount of the resources used for construction.
7. Using recycled Polymers and Rubber to make Modified Bitumen helps to Save the Earth and benefit the Environment.
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTIONS ?
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Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore