benchmarking the wsis in africa -...
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Benchmarking the WSIS in Africa
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Contents
The WSIS Survey
Findings of Action Lines 1 – 11
Technology in Government Awards (TIGA) in Africa
Conclusion
ECA WSIS SurveyConducted a survey between December 2010 and March 2011The objectives were:
To take a stock of the progresses achieved by member States in implementing the WSIS Action Lines; To share the state-of-the-practices in implementation models among member States; To review the WSIS monitoring tools/questionnaires, indicators and data collection methodologies and develop roadmap for future follow-up; andTo support a continual activity through WSIS monitoring web-based database and platform.
15 countries completed the questionnaire and returned (Burkina Faso, Burundi, Comoros, Congo, DRC, Gambia, Guinea Conakry, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, Senegal and Sudan)
The Role of Public Government Authorities and all Stakeholders in promoting ICT4D (C1)
National PoliciesOver of 86% of the countries have national e-strategies in place with the exception of Comoros and DRC (under development)
Implementation in progress and governments are allocating increasing proportion of national budget into ICT4DKenya spent 2.8% in 2009 and 0.9% in 2010Mali spent 2.26% of its budget in 2010Mauritius spent 0.69% in 2010Senegal has been spending from 5 % of its budget since 2005
E-strategy development – Some examplesSupport was provided to ten countries, some of which have since completed the formulation of policies and plans relating to sectoral activities. E-strategy development activities and measuring ICTs are supported by the Government of Finland.
Burkina Faso (e-Government, e-Health, e-Commerce, e-Education, and e-services for rural development strategies), Ethiopia (e-Commerce law), Gambia (e-Government), Mali (e-Commerce, e-Communication and e-Agriculture strategies), and Niger (e-Health strategy). Cote d’Ivoire has finalized two studies on the development of its Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Strategy.Ghana has reviewed implementation of its national e-strategy and stepped up preparation of the next one.Rwanda has carried out an evaluation of its 2nd NICI Plan and started development of its 3rd NICI.
The Role of Public Government Authorities and all Stakeholders in promoting ICT4D (C1) - PPPs
PPPs are also means of financing ICT4D activities in countries:Burundi – PPP agreement signed with a consortium of five telecom operators(ONATEL, UCOM, AFRICEL, Econet Wireless and CABINET) on its fiber optic infrastructureCongo – with CAB-ICT and WACS on infrastructureGambia – on Gambia Biometrix ID SystemGhana – all ICT4D programmes pursue PPPs modelsMadagascar – GOTICOM (a group of telecom and ICToperators)Mauritius – Community Empowerment Programme (CEP)Senegal – ICT Incubators in Dakar and the regeneration of telecentres, etc.Sudan – e-citizen initiative, PC for every family, Computer lab for every secondary school, E- community Service Centers,E-Government Support, National Records house support, University Digital Library support, Nuclear hospital support, University of Africa network Built and support
ICT for allMost countries have universal access strategies
Connectivity for public accessCommunity access points exist in all countries
Adequate and affordable ICT equip & services E.g. Sudan – Alzarqaa manufacturing of handsets, NCTR to develop and manufacturing of (VOIP system, Open EPR, data com equip, smart phones, etc.) www.ntcr.sd
Key Int’l and regional partners include China, India, World Bank, ECOWAN, EU, CAB-CIT, WACS, etc.
Country Congo Madagascar Mali Mauritius SudanPAIC/1000 5 0.18 1 0.09 0.004
Information and communication infrastructure (C2)
Most countries are now connected to submarine fiber optic cables, the latest have landed in 2010, connecting Africa to the rest of the world, including TEAMs, Seacom, Lion, CAB, GLO-1. Most African countries have started implementing inter country connection programmes (see ECA connectivity map). Wholesale tariffs which were in 2008 at USD 2 000-10 000 for SAT3 cable and at USD 3,000-5,000 for satellite connection, have now fallen within the range of USD500-1,000.
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Information and communication infrastructure (C2)..
Access to information and knowledge (C3)
Policy or guideline for public domain information73% of the countries have policy or guidelinesE.g. include Kenya’s Freedom of Info Policy and Bill; 2006 Law on Archives and Admn docs in Senegal; Sudan is developing Info Access Act
Initiatives to provide public access to gov info and servicesGovernment portal is common in most countries – e.g. www.gov.bi, www.gambia.gov.gm, www.gov.mu , www.gouv.ml, www.madagascar.gov.mg,
Strategies to undertake S&T and researchEmphasis is being given by most countries on STI and research and institutional mechanisms are being created
73% of the countries have put in place strategies to establish and promote MCTs.
Capacity building (C4)Level of ICT integration in education and training
Almost all countries have integrated ICT education in their schools at different levels – e.g. Burkina Faso from senior schools, Burundi from secondary schools, Congo at all levels, Gambia at higher level and plans to integrate at all levels, in Senegal, ICT education is mandated from primary school, and in Ghana, computers supplied to schools, Internet connection to schools, and adopted online registration for exams, training of teachers, ICT curriculum, distance learning, etc. A no of countries have developed an ICT in education policy such as Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ghana and Mauritius
ICT literacy programmes become common and in some countries innovative initiatives are underway
Capacity building (C4)..Mauritius
Universal ICT Education Prog (UIEP) from 2006Internet and Computing Core Certification (IC3) –benchmarking digital literacy/prof in Mauritius –students, employees, non-employees and the pop at large; 45 hours duration; computer labs in 55 state sec schools; content include basic computing, appli and living online; certifies 41 hrs of attendance; over 116,594 trained on IC3
Cyber Caravan Project With 9 to 10 computers connected to the Internet; training offers to children, students, unemployed, women, private sector staff, planters, farmers and senior citizens in all regions; training is held in social welfare centres, community centres;
Capacity building (C4)..Senegal – the Computer initiatives
One computer for a student- Centres of computers (second hand) in schools
with Internet access in the framework of the project for recycling computers..
One computer for a teacher- Online training in the universities
SudanMinistry of Communication and Information Technology approved the Sudan ICT Driving License Certificate programme
Capacity building (C4)..The Information Technology Centre for Africa (ITCA)
ITCA (www.uneca.org/itca) is a resource center that showcases the role of ICTs in development, promotes networking and carries out research and capacity building on emerging issues on the information society, targeting the African policy makers, parliamentarians and practitioners. The curriculum consists of a core ICT for development platform with stand-alone modules ranging from basic to more advanced topics of ICT for development.The online learning version is available at: www.uneca.org/elearnafrica
Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs (C5)40% have cyber-security laws in place and another 40% are in the process of transposing the CDEAO and UEMOA text/guideline or developing one. Only 20% have not yet initiated.
Country Cyber-security lawsGambia Info and Comm Act 2009
Ghana Electronic trans Act 2008
Kenya Kenya Comm (Amend) Act (KCA) 2009
Mauritius Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act (2003)
Senegal Laws on protection of personal data, e-transactions, cybercrime, and cryptology in 2008 (www.adie.sn)
Sudan Cyber Crime Law of 2007 (www.nicsudan.gov.sd)
Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs (C5)…
Act on Privacy and Personal Data Protection and creation of the related institution and organs:
Burkina FasoGuidelines for preventing, detecting anadresponding to cybercrime
Gambia, Ghana, Mauritius, Niger, Senegal and Sudan (established CERT – Cyber Crime Court)
Guideline on use of e- docs and transactions, including e – means verification
Guinea (e-trans laws), Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Senegal and Sudan (e-transaction law 2007); Mali and Niger developing one
Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs (C5)…
Guideline on privacy and data and consumer protection
Gambia, Mauritius (Data prot Act 2004 -http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/telecomit/files/dpa04.doc), Senegal and Sudan; Congo, Kenya, Niger and Ghana are developing one
Level of deployment of security systems in public and private sectors to combat cybercrime is low;Level of awareness in the country of ICT-related security issues generally law
Enabling environment (C6)
Policy, regulatory and legal reforms to promote ICT4D
New legal and regulatory envts created in many countries
Policy to promote open, interoperable, non-discriminatory ICT standards
Burundi created norms for the ICT sectorGhana Interoperability Framework
Enabling environment (C6)…Impact of legal and regulatory on the ICT on ICT industry
Tax exception mobile tel increased its usage in Burkina Faso;Liberalisation in Burundi opened up the market for 6 mobile operators, 6 ISPs,20s radio transmitters, comm cost reduced..;Liberalisation in Gambia attracted 4 mobile operators with more accessibility and improved service;In Ghana, it created confidence, predictability ease, investmentincreased, dispute resolution measures, and expanding infrastructure, etc.
Initiatives to promote SMEs participationsThe implementation of E-commerce in Burkina Faso promotes SMEsICT parks in Gambia in progress
ICT Applications (C7) – e-government
C7…Development of e-government indicatorsECA coordinates the work of the Partnership on measuring ICT related to development of e-government indicatorsA Task Group on e-Government (TGEG) indicators was set up, composed of ECA, ECLAC, ESCAP, ESCWA, ITU, UNCTAD, UNDESA, OECD, EUROSTAT and the World BankGovernment of Finland supports the work of TGEGTGEG has adopted the following 7 core indicators on 17 May 2011
List of e-government indicators
% of central government institutions with an Intranet
EG4
% of central government institutions with a Local Area Network (LAN) connecting at least two computers
EG3
% of persons employed in central government institutions routinely using the Internet
EG2
% of persons employed in central government institutions routinely using computers
EG1Name of IndicatorNo
List of e-government indicators (ctd.)
% of central government institutions offering online services by level of sophistication of services
EG7
% of central government institutions with a web presence
EG6
% of central government institutions with Internet access by type of access (narrowband, broadband)
EG5
Name of IndicatorNo
C7…Parliamentarians and the WSISAs recognized by the WSIS, Parliaments and Parliamentarians represent the best opportunities for all societal forces to be represented at the national level in the policy-making process.Parliamentarians, through enactment of national legislation, good oversight over pro-poor ICT policy and applications, and advocacy for adequate investments in ICT in general, are expected to lay down the fundamentals for inclusive and development oriented information society.It is therefore important to empower Members of Parliament in Africa in the information society.
Parliamentarians and the WSIS (ctd.)ECA supported:
creation of ICT Committees in parliaments; capacity building workshops on the information society for Parliamentarians and parliaments staff for Botswana, Gambia , Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and the SADC Parliament forum; On going development of parliament sectoral ICT strategies and ICT Master Plans for Botswana, Ghana, Niger, Togo, Swaziland and Zambia.
Parliaments and Science, Technology & Innovation
ECA carried out in May 2011 with UNESCO and ISESCO:
The Launch of the African Inter-Parliamentary Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation (AIPF-STI);
ECA organized in May 2011 with the African Regional Centre for Technology (ARCT) a workshop entitled:
Global Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Trends: Opportunities and challenges for Africa’s development – The Role of Parliament
Cultural diversity, identity, linguistic diversity and local content (C8)
Proportion of Internet users by languageBurundi (80% French)Madagascar (99% French, 0.5% English, 0.5 in Malagasy)
Proportion of webpages by languageGambia - all websites in English (official lang)Madagascar (95% French, 5% Malagasy)
Initiatives support for software in loc languageMadagascar – ICT vocabulary in Malagasy (2005)Bamanan website in Mali for agriculturists http://www.jekabaara.orgSudan content devt - www.nicsudan.gov.sd
Ethical dimensions of the Information Society (C10)ICT policies promote the ethical dimension of the use of ICTs in most countries
In Burkina Faso, Burundi, Sudan it is stated in the national policyBased on the Child Online Saftey Action Plan,Mauritiuslaunched sensitisation campaign for children, parents and the public;As of Feb 2011, the govt of Mauritius implemented the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Online Content Filtering System
Not in many countries that academic community involved in research on ethical dimension of the information society
International and regional cooperation (C11)A number of ICT4D initiatives in countries involve a range of international and regional partners from governments, to private sector, the African Union and African Regional Economic Communities (RECs) -ECOWAS, WAMU, SADC, EAC, COMESA, CEMAC, ECCAS.ICT4ALL in Tunis, where we participated in
a workshop on Measuring the Information Society Several panel discussions on Youth and ICT: a Source of Inspiration, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
International and regional cooperation (C11)…ECOWAS Supplementary Acts on personal data protection; on Electronic Transactions; and Directive on fight against cybercrime were adopted in 2010Development of E-SADC Strategy frameworkDevelopment of EAC e-Government frameworkFollowing AU Summit of HoS in January 2010 in Addis, we are working on an African Convention on Cyber security and e-TransactionsWorkshop on ICT4D for SADC Ambassadors Workshop on e-Diplomacy for African Ambassadors and Internet Governance for regional institutions, April 2011
http://www.uneca.org/tiga
The Technology in Government Awards in Africa
To promote access to e-services To encourage the use of ICTs by African governments in fulfilling their public service delivery obligationsTo recognize outstanding work in developing ICT applications for service delivery by African governments as well as other stakeholders
Objectives of TIGA
1. Public service delivery to citizens/communities – Public service Delivery to citizens/communities (G2C)
2. Improved health services through the use of ICTs
3. Improved educational services through the use of ICTs
4. Public Public Private Partnership (PPP)5. The judges’ awards – projects which have
done well but were not selected among the 3 winners of the above 4 core categories
TIGA’s 5 Categories
TIGA Participation Statistics 2007-2011
2011
2009
2007
Year
24 (15 Winner Countries: Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda)
89 (44 entries short listed, 16 winners)
2060
1736
No. of CountriesNo. of Entries
1. eSoko Project, RWANDA (real time agricultural commodity market price information)
2. Government Online Centre for Enhanced Public Service Delivery, MAURITIUS (state-of-the art and best of the breed ICT technologies with an Internet Bandwidth Connectivity of 100 Mbps, operating 24/24, 7/7)
3. Free and Open Access to Public Legal Information in Kenya, KENYA (publishing and free access to laws and court proceedings)
TIGA 2011 WinnersCATEGORY 1: Public service DeliveryCATEGORY 1: Public service Delivery
4. Suivi de la Santé des enfants basé sur l’utilisation du téléphone portable: Agence nationale de Telesante, MALI (follow up throughSMS of 0-5 years children and free treatment)
5. mPedigree Kenya National Medicine Quality System, KENYA (reporting counterfeit medicine through same toll-free 4-digit number on all mobile networks)
6. La Telemedecine Pour L’acces Aux Soins De Sante, CAMEROUN (provision of online tele health services to all at affordable cost)
TIGA 2011 Winners (ctd.)CATEGORY 2:CATEGORY 2: ICTsICTs in in HealthHealth
7. To be delivered in June in Dar es Salam (Tanzania) atthe e-Learning Africa Conference
8. Same as above9. Same as above
TIGA 2011 Winners (ctd.)CATEGORY 3:CATEGORY 3: ICTsICTs in Educationin Education
10.eTrade Africa, SENEGAL (platform to facilitate securetrade between Africa and European Union countries)
11.Federal Road Safety - Drivers License, NIGERIA(identity management and card production system geared to driving licences and road safety )
12.Online Registration & Placement Software, ETHIOPIA (online registration for exams of 2,000,000, 10th grade and 12th grade students)
TIGA 2011 Winners (ctd.)
CATEGORY 4:CATEGORY 4: PPPPPP
13.Computer games, video game and virtual classroom for HIV/AIDS prevention education in Ugandan schools, UGANDA
14.Planning and Reporting Database for Local Authorities (PlanRep), TANZANIA
15.National Switch and Smartcard, GHANA16.National Payment Gateway, EGYPT
TIGA 2011 Winners (ctd.)
The JUDGESThe JUDGES’’ AWARDSAWARDS
ConclusionThere is progressive implementation efforts with increased investment in ICT4DThe mobile penetration and fibre optic cables for an enhanced broadband will enable deployment of applications in key socio-economic devt. Intl bandwidth will increase significantly;Citizens’ access to public information is improvingDevelopment of e-legislation both at regional and national level is a reality Parliamentarians are involved in implementation of Action linese-government is being widely adopted and also some of the other sectors are getting more attention.
