bellwork 6 mins! 1.finish working on “lesson 2 worksheet” 2.finish athens foldable get handouts...
TRANSCRIPT
Bellwork 6 mins!
1. Finish working on “Lesson 2 Worksheet”
2. Finish Athens Foldable
Get handouts from the back counter
Good Afternoon
Review:
Name one way Cleisthenes made Athens government more democratic.
1.
List the three groups who were not helped by the changes.
2.
3.
4.
Lesson 1 and 2 Quiz
Lesson 3 Greece and Persia
pp. 248 – 255
Essential Question: Why did conflict
develop?
Vocabulary
• Satrapies – the territory governed by a governor = government official
• Satrap – the governor of a province in ancient Persia
• Zoroastrianism – a Persian religion based on the belief of one god
Read: Persia’s Empire
• P. 248
Persia’s Empire
• Persians were building an empire when the government of Athens was undergoing political changes– Persian homeland was located in modern-day
southwestern Iran–
Cyrus the Great
• Cyrus the Great built a strong Persian army• Began creating an empire that became the
largest in the ancient world
Read: Creating an Empire
• Pp. 248 - 249
Creating an Empire
• Persia conquered Mesopotamia, Syria, Judah, and the Greek city-states of Anatolia
• Cyrus treated conquered people fairly
• Allowed them to keep their own languages, religions, and laws
• Allowed the Jews to return to Israel
• Armies took over Egypt, western India, and lands northeast of Greece
• From the west to the east stretched 3,000 miles (this is about the size of the continental United States today)
Persian Roads
• Persians improved the roads begun by the Assyrians
• Royal Road was 1,500 miles from Persia to Anatolia
• Messengers could travel from Persia to Anatolia in just seven days
• The same trip would have taken 3 months before the road was built
Read: Persian Government
• P. 249
Persian Government
• Darius I ruled Persia from 522 to 486 BC– Divided the empire into
provinces called satrapies
– Each satrapies ruled by a governor called a satrap (means “defender of the kingdom”)
– Satrap collected taxes, judged legal cases, managed the police, and recruited soldiers for the Persian army
Persian Army
• Persian maintained a full-time, paid, professional army
• Best fighters were 10,000 soldiers called the “Immortals” because when one died another soldier immediately took his place
Read: Who was Zoroaster?
• Pp. 250 – 251
Who was Zoroaster?
• Persians were polytheistic– A teacher named Zoroaster
• Preached a monotheistic religion• Religion was called Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism
• Taught one supreme god• God was called Ahura Mazda or “Wise Lord”• Ahura Mazda was creator of all things• Leader of the forces of good• Believes people were free to choose
between good and evil• Religion still has about 200,000 followers
today. Most in South Asia.
Progress Check
• How did Persian rulers unite their vast empire?
Read: The Persian Wars
• P. 251
The Persian Wars
Persians clashed with the Greeks
Greeks in Anatolia revolted against Persia
Athenians sent warships to help rebels
Persians crushed the uprising
King Darius decided to punish the Greeks
Read: How Did the Greeks Win at Marathon?
• Pp. 251 - 252
How Did the Greeks Win at Marathon?
• Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships and army to invade Greece
• Persians landed at Marathon
• Persians waited for the Greeks to fight
• Athenians had only 10,000 troops compared to the Persian’s 20,000 soldiers
• Persians sailed to Athens to attack by sea
• Persians loaded their ships with cavalry
• As soon as the Persians had their horsemen on their ships, Athenians charged down the hills
• Athenians caught the Persians foot soldiers standing in the water
• Persians suffered a terrible defeat
Marathon
• A messenger ran 25 miles from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory
• When he reached Athens he cried “Victory”
• Then collapsed and died from exhaustion
• Today’s marathon races are named for him and are just over 26 miles
Read: Land and Sea Battles
• Pp. 252 -255
Land and Sea Battles
• Persians vowed revenge
• Xerxes invaded Greece with 200,000 troops and thousands of warships
• The Greek city-states banded together to fight the Persians
Battle of Thermopylae
• King Leonidas of Sparta supplied soldiers• Themistocles of Athens directed Greek
naval forces• Themistocles wanted to attack the
Persian’s ships and cut off the army’s supplies
• To do this, King Leonidas of Sparta had to stop the Persian army from reaching Athen
Battle of Thermopylae
• King Leonidas led 7,000 soldiers into a battle that lasted for three days
• A traitor showed the Persians a trail leading behind the Greeks
• Realizing he would soon be surrounded, Leonidas dismissed most of the troops
• Leonidas and 300 Spartans remained a fought to the death
• The Spartan’s heroic stand gave Themistocles time to attack Persia’s ships
• Athenian fleet lured the Persian fleet into the strait of Salamis near Athens
• Athenian ships were smaller and faster
• Most of the Persian fleet was destroyed
• Persian foot soldiers set Athens on fire
Battle at Plataea
• Combined forces of the Greek city-states formed their largest army yet
• Improved fighting with better armor and weapons
• Greek army faced Persians at Plataea
• Two sides evenly matched with 100,000 men
• Greeks defeated the Persians• Freed Anatolia from Persian rule• Peace did no come until 449 BC
Read: Decline of Persia
• p. 255
Decline of Persia
• Persian army was no longer strong enough to defend the empire
• Persian people were unhappy with government
• Kings taxed the people heavily
• Persian empire fell when attacked by Alexander the Great and a new Greek empire began
Progress Check
• After the losses in Greece, why did the Persians grow unhappy with their government?
Essential Question
• Why did conflict develop?
Ticket out the Door your name
List two advantages that should have helped the Persians defeat the Greeks at Marathon in 490 B.C.
1.
2.
How did the Greeks finally defeat the Persians?
3.