Bellringer:Complete the Punnett SquareG- green seedsg- yellow seeds

g g

G

g

G g G g

g g g g

Genotype:50% Heterozygous Gg50% Homozygous gg

Phenotype:50% Green50% yellow

REPRODUCTION in Flowering Plants

I. FLOWERS Are the organs of reproduction in flowering plants. Reproduction of flowering plants takes place within

flowers.

sepal

Parts of A Flower

Sepals and petals are modified leaves.– Sepals are the outermost

layer that protect thedeveloping flower

– Petals can help to attract animal pollinators by being brightly colored.

petal

A stamen is the male structure of the flower.

– anther produces pollen grains– The pollen contains the male

gametes (sperm) – filament supports the anther

stamen

filament anther

Pistil style

stigma

ovary

The innermost layer of a flower is the female pistil. (Also called a carpel)

– stigma is sticky tip – style is tube leading from

stigma to ovary – ovary produces female gametes– Inside the ovary are the ovules

or eggs

Flower Parts

pistil

ovule

II. POLLINATION A. Anther splits open when the pollen are

mature B. Pollen are carried to the stigma by wind,

water, or animals. THIS is pollination C. Plant reproduction is most successful when

pollination rates are highPollination is part of - D. Sexual reproduction, which results in

greater genetic diversity (good for the species survival)

Wind pollinated flowers have small flowers and large amounts of pollen.

• Animal pollinated flowers have larger flowers and less pollen.

pollen grains

– pollination occurs as animals feed from flower to flower– animal pollination is more efficient than wind pollination

III. FERTILIZATION

A. Pollen is carried to the stigma in pollination B. A pollen grain grows a tube down the style

to the ovary C. Sperm travel down the tube D. In a process called fertilization, the sperm

fertilizes the egg. E. The fertilized Egg is called a ZYGOTE.

Fertilization

IV. FRUITS AND SEEDS A. Following fertilization, the ovary develops

into a fruit and the ovules become the seeds inside, while the rest of the flower dies.

B. Fruits help protect the seeds until they mature and help scatter seeds into new habitats.

-Fruits are the part of the plant that contain seeds: cucumbers, maple “helicopters”, green peppers, squash are all fruits.

Flower to Fruit

V. GERMINATION A. At maturity, the seed coat dries and

hardens, enabling it to survive harsh conditions B. Once conditions are favorable, the seed

germinates (sprouts/grows) and becomes a new plant.

Seed Anatomy

Seed Germination