Bellringer January 5, 2012

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COACH CORLEYJANUARY 25 , 2011

Chapter 5, Section 2Greek Philosophy and

History

Objective

Today, we will be learning about Greek philosophers and

historians.

Greek Philosophers

*Philosophy – the “love of wisdom”

Philosophy led to history, political science, science, & math.

Philosophers believed that human mind could understand everything.

Greek Philosophers *Pythagoras taught

that the universe followed the same laws of music and numbers.

*Pythagorean theorem is attributed to him. It is a way to determine the length of the sides of a triangle.

a2 + b2 = c2

Greek Philosophers

*Sophists were professional teachers in ancient Greece.

They traveled, taught to win arguments, & political speeches.

Greek Philosophers

Sophists did not believe gods influenced people.

*They rejected the idea of absolute right & wrong.

*They said one’s right may be another’s wrong.

Greek Philosophers

*Socrates was an Athenian sculptor whose true love was philosophy.

He disagreed with the Sophists.

He did not write anything.

Greek Philosophers

Socrates believed: Absolute truth existed Every person has real

knowledge

*Socratic Method *To ask pointed

questions to force reason and thinking.

Greek Philosophers

But…… What about to

authority?

After Peloponnesian War, Socrates was teaching rebellion!?!

Found guilty….would not leave….drank the poison…

Greek Philosophers

Plato *Socrates’ student *Wrote Republic,

which explains his ideas about government.

*People could NOT live good lives w/o just & reasonable gov

He divided ppl into 3 groups

Greek Philosophers Plato

*Philosopher-kings – ruled using logic & wisdom

Warriors - defended the state from attack.

Everyone else – driven by desire, not wisdom. Produced food, clothing, & shelter

*Men & women should have the same education & equal chance to have the same jobs.

Greek Historians

*Plato established a school in Athens, the Academy.

Aristotle: *Plato’s best student *Wrote over 200 books

on government to the planet and stars

Greek Philosophers *Aristotle opened his

school, the Lyceum.

*Students were taught the “Golden Mean,” a person should do nothing in excess.

Aristotle also grouped things according to their similarities and differences.

Greek Philosophers Politics:

*3 Types of Gov.

*Gov’t by one person, monarch or tyrant

*Gov’t by a few, oligarchy

*Gov’t by many, democracy

*Best was a mix of an oligarchy & democracy

Greek Historians

The first REAL histories in Western civilizations

Herodotus in 435 BC wrote the history of the Persian Wars.

He ask questions, recorded answers, & checked truth.

Greek Historians

*Herodotus is considered the “father of history.”

*Thucydides is considered by many to be the greatest historian of the ancient world.

He fought in the Peloponnesian War, he was exiled.

Greek Historians

He then wrote History of the Peloponnesian War.

He saw war & politics as the activities of humans, not gods.

*He stressed having accurate facts.

Review

Homework