bellringer: day 06 - ms. farris' science class! · bellringer: day 06 1. ... less water for...
TRANSCRIPT
Bellringer: Day 06
1. Sketch out the water table, including the zone of saturation and aeration.
2. Why is it that inland areas can still flood, even if they are not near water?
Wells
Well: cylindrical hole dug to penetrate aquifer
within saturated zone
Recharge: addition of new water to aquifer
Artesian well (spring): groundwater rises under its own pressure
Pumping can cause the water table to be lower
Balancing Withdrawal and
Recharge
Not balancing can result in:
• a regional water table dropping
• the ground surface settling because the
water no longer supports the rock and
sediment
Subsidence of the land surface caused by the extraction of ground
water, near Mendota, San Joaquin Valley, CA. Signs on the
pole indicate the positions of the land surface in 1925, 1955, and
1977. The land sank 30 feet in 52 years.
Balancing Withdrawal and
Recharge
Towns may use artificial
recharge to increase
recharge
Water is stored in infiltration
ponds = increase the rate of
water percolation into the
ground
Bottled Water?
Why do people drink bottled water?
Why do countries with access to clean water (tap water, well water, etc.) spend the most on bottled water?
Is it okay to bottle water for areas that don’t necessarily need it, even in situations like drought?
Exit Ticket-Did the
information “stick?”
1. What are your overall feelings about bottled
water, after our discussions and water taste
test today? When do you think bottled water is
appropriate? Who should benefit from the
bottled water?
Bellringer: Day 07
1. How is water cleaned for human use?
2. Can you always tell that water is polluted simply
by looking at it? Explain.
Groundwater Pollution
• Chemicals used for agriculture
can find their way into
groundwater
• Rain can also leach pollutants
from city dumps into ground-
water supplies
• Heavy metals contaminating the water (arsenic, cadmium, lead)
Groundwater Pollution
Saltwater Intrusion
Movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers
Contamination of drinking water
Salt water is denser, as freshwater is leached, salt water can
take its place
“Leached” means
drained away.
Surface Water Pollution
Non-point pollution – pollution from
many sources
Sedimentation, storm water runoff, etc.
Not easily traced
Point-pollution – pollution from one
source
Easily traced and easily taken care of
Is it easy to clean water?
Let’s say that water gets polluted-is it as easy as
just cleaning it out?
Water Treatment
Most water that goes down
drains in urbanized areas
is treated
Removal of sludge from
water
Very toxic waste that we
must dispose of
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9z14l51I
Swg
Water Treatment
Drinking water from salt water
Desalination – removal of salt from saltwater
Takes lots of energy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdxoS80
xsSo
Conservation Measures
1972 – Clean Water Act “restore and maintain
the chemical, physical, and biological integrity
of the nation’s waters.”
1972 – Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act
1975 – Safe Drinking Water Act (groundwater and
surface water)
1987 – Water Quality Act
Conservation Measures
Need to protect water sources for our future
Increase population = increase need for water
Increase population = increase pollution
Must take care of our water for our survival!
Exit Ticket-Did the
information “stick?”
1. In what ways can groundwater be polluted?
2. Describe the difference between point and
nonpoint source pollution.
3. Hypothesize ways in which communities can
keep water clean. In what ways would you
predict that water is tested for purity?
Bellringer: Day 08
1. How would several wells in a given area affect the balance of groundwater recharge and withdrawal?
a) The wells would provide dissolved oxygen
b) The wells would increase the water table level by adding water from runoff
c) The wells would deplete the groundwater which is usually supplied by percolation from rain
d) The wells would provide storage areas for groundwater to maintain the water level
2. Which of the following would most likely happen to an aquifer that is close to the coast if it is being depleted of its freshwater supply?
a) Subsidence of the area
b) Saltwater intrusion
c) Wells going dry
d) Flooding of localized areas
Hydroelectric Dams
Build barrier in valley to
retain freshwater
Water rises to the same
level as top of barrier
Uses water flow to also
generate clean electricity.
Hydroelectric Dams
Positive effects
1. Long term large body of freshwater resource
Prevents water from reaching ocean quickly
Provides large areas with freshwater
2. Clean electricity
3. Recreation
4. Control water flow – less chance of flooding
Hydroelectric Dams
Negative effects (down stream)
1. Reduces water flow
Less water for down stream individuals
Less water for wild life
Less nutrients carried
Migrating/reproducing organisms cannot pass dam
Dam break = massive flooding
Hydroelectric Dams
Negative effects (upstream)
1. Displaces wildlife/destroys lower
level environments
2. Floods towns/homes below level of
dam
3. Stagnant water = decrease in water
quality
Hydroelectric Dams
Much debate over building new power dams
Several dams being destroyed to allow natural
flow
Energy/water crisis
Are dams our answer??
Bellringer: Day 09
1. What is used to remove water from an aquifer so
it can be used by humans?
2. How is water restored back to an aquifer?
Explain what would happen if water is not
restored?
3. What effects do you think population growth
could have on water resources?
What is Water Quality? Water quality refers to the characteristics of water and
the requirements needed for human/living things
In other words, water quality is about how clean the water is, and whether or not it is suitable for use!
Water quality can be assessed through many chemical and physical tests, including testing the biotic index of the water using macroinvertebrates!
What are macroinvertebrates? They are organisms that are
big enough to be seen by the naked eye that lack a backbone
“macro” means large and “invertebrates” means without vertebrae, or backbone
Live at bottom of shallow waterways
How do we use them?
By looking at macroinvertebrates, we can assess the quality of the water in which they live
This is basically because some are more tolerant to pollution than others
Ex. More high quality macroinvertebrates, the higher quality the stream
How do we do it? Because we can see them,
macroinvertebrates are easy to catch and identify
Once caught, each macroinvertebrate has an index value that is assigned to it. These points can be added up to give the overall quality of the stream
Any stream with a rating over 23 is considered to be excellent quality!
The Stonefly Nymph-Class 1
These organisms have a high point value (4) because they are very sensitive to pollutants and need a high level of dissolved oxygen to survive
Will find more in high quality streams!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3h9VYX9GPc
Mayfly Larvae-Class 2
Moderately sensitive
Appear in higher numbers in good quality streams
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dmC-PGklnM
Crayfish-Class 3
More tolerant to pollution
Thus found in many types of water (good or bad) and has a low index point value
Things to remember… Each organisms is divided into 1 of 4 classes, but the
index value is the points you will add up in order to assess the quality of the stream
Please treat the river cards with respect ☺
Bellringer: Day 101. If you were given a cup of water from an unknown
source and were asked to decide if it was of quality…what might you do?
2. A local government is considering whether to build a dam. Which is an advantage of building this structure?
a) It can decrease the accumulation of sediment in the water
b) It can improve the natural habitat of plants and animals
c) It is an inexpensive process
d) It can create a storage place for water
Water Infographic Project
Infographic needs to be colorful and eye-catching
This will count as a quiz grade!
Follow all directions on the sheet for full credit
Be sure to share it with me: [email protected]
Example: http://thumbnails.visually.netdna-cdn.com/EarthFactsByMocomicom_52612c7391626_w587.png
Water Conservation Project All group members must participate
Poster needs to be colorful and eye-catching
This will count as a quiz grade!
Examples of what I’m looking for:
Bellringer: Day 11
What does it mean to conserve
water?
What are ways that you conserve
water everyday?