Accident prevention and general safety

BellringerComplete Word Study: EfficiencyYou have 5 minutes from tardy bell to place in the drawer.CTE Health and Safety Education GuideObjective(s)The learner will learn how to avoid job-specific health threats

Accident Prevention and General Safety

BASIC SAFETY RULESNever do anything unsafe to get a job done Do not remove or disable a safety deviceNever operate equipment unless trained and authorized to use it Use the appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment)

Obey all safety warning signs Horseplay, running, and fighting are prohibitedClean up spills immediately. Replace all tools, supplies and equipment immediately after use.

HOW AND WHEN TO REPORT INJURIESIf injured or ill, report immediately

HOW TO REPORT UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND PRACTICES If you see something unsafe, or someone working in an unsafe manner, immediately report

WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY INCLUDING HOW TO EXIT THE WORKPLACE Your instructor will guide you in locating the location of exits, fire extinguishers, firs aid kits, and assembly locations to be used in the event of an emergency

EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY DROP UNDER A DESK OR TABLE, COVER YOUR HEAD AND HOLD ON. STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS, HEAVY CABINETS, BOOKCASES, OR GLASS DIVIDERSINSTRUCTOR WILL COORDINATE THE EVACUATION TO THE DESIGNATED ASSEMBLY LOCATIONINSTRUCTOR SHOULD ACCOUNT FOR EACH STUDENT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLEDO NOT APPROACH OR TOUCH DOWNED POWER LINES OR OBJECT TOUCHED BY DOWNED POWER LINES DO NOT USE THE PHONE EXCEPT FOR EMERGENCY USE Use and Care of Required Personal Protective Equipment Your instructor will provide access, training and maintenance for ALL PPE

Checkpoint! On Target?True or FalseIt is ok to disable or remove a safety device if it gets in your way.

False

12List three things you should know the location of in order to be safe in your classroom or lab.

Emergency exits, fire extinguisher, fire alarm pull box, first aid kit, where to assemble after an emergency

13If you see something unsafe or someone working in an unsafe manner, you shouldIgnore them, as it is none of your concernWrite about it in your end of class evaluation so they can fix the problem for the next yearImmediately report it to your instructorC.14In case of an earthquake, you should (choose all that apply)Drop under a table or desk and cover your head with your armsRun outside as soon as you feel movement so you wont get stuck in the buildingFollow the instructors lead on evacuation and designated assembly locationCollect all your personal items before leaving the building.A and C15Electrical Safety

Basic FactsThree factors determine electrical resistance of a substanceWhat its made ofSizeTemperature

ConductorsSubstances with very little resistance to the flow of electricityExample: metal

InsulatorsSubstances with high resistance that are able to prevent the flow of electricityExamples: glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood

Human Skin . . . When dry, poor conductorWhen moist, readily conducts electricity

Electricity travels in closed circuits

GroundingMeans intentionally creating a low-resistance path to the earth.

Shocks Result when the body become part of the electrical circuit, one wire of the energized circuit and the ground, or a metallic part in contact with an energized wire and the ground.

EffectsRange from a barely perceptible tingle to sever burns and cardiac arrest.

Areas of Special ConcernContact with power linesCranes and derricksPath to ground missing or discontinuousPower tools

GroundingSystem or Service Ground A wire called the neutral conductor is grounded at the transformer, and again at the building service entrance. Primarily designed to protect machines, tools, and insulation against damage.

GroundingEquipment Ground Grounding the equipment itself provides another path for the current to flow to the ground. It is intended to offer enhanced protection to the worker.

GroundingDisadvantage to Grounding A break in the grounding system may occur without the users knowledge. Using a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is one way of overcoming grounding deficiencies.

GroundingGFCI A ground fault occurs when there is a break in the low resistance grounding path. The ground fault circuit interrupter is a fast-acting circuit breaker designed to shut off electric power in the event of a ground fault within as little as 1/40th of a second.

Checkpoint! On Target?Substances with very little resistance to electricity are called:UtilitiesConductorsInsulatorsCircuits

B31Substances with high resistance to the flow of electricity are called:UtilitiesConductorsInsulatorsCircuits

c32Grounding a tool means intentionally creating a _____ resistance path to the ground.HighLowNonVaried

B33Shocks result when the body becomes part of the _____.CurrentElectrical circuitInsulatorResistance

Overhead power lines are especially hazardous because:They carry extremely high voltageLarge equipment operators may not be able to see how close they are to a line.If contact does occur, equipment operators may try to exit the cab while the vehicle is still energizedAll of the aboveD

35Ergonomics

ErgonomicsThe science and practice of designing jobs and workplaces to match the capabilities of the human body.fitting the job to the workerBasic InformationBenefits: reduction in injuries, improved quality of work and life, and reduction in fatigue and discomfortWork-related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs) can happen if principles are not followed.Causes of WMSDs: heavy, frequent or awkward lifting pushing, lulling or carrying loads, working in awkward postures, hand intensive work.Ergonomic PrinciplesUse proper lifting procedure and mechanical assistance where possibleMaintain neutral posturePosition work to be able to reduce the number of times you must bend, kneel, or squatTake frequent stretch pauses. Keep wrists straightUse low vibration tools. Keep hands warm

Symptoms, Recognition, and ReportingDiscomfort, pain, numbness, tingling, burning, swelling, change in color, tightness or loss of flexibilityReport if pain is persistent, severe, or worsening or if pain radiates; if numb or tingling or keep you from sleeping at nightReporting prevents acute from becoming chronic

Checkpoint! On Target?True of False?Ergonomics is the science and practice of designing jobs and workplaces to match the capabilities of the human body.true42True or False?Work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (WMSDs) can happen if ergonomic principles are not followed.true43Causes of WMSDs include (choose all that apply)Heavy or frequent liftingPushing, pulling or carrying loadsWorking in awkward positionsHand-intensive workA,B,C,D44What are some of the symptoms of WMSDs? List 3.Discomfort, pain, numbness, tingling, burning, swelling, change in color, tightness or loss of flexibility

45Choose the best answer:Maintain a __________ posture as much as possible

BentNeutralRelaxedArtistic

B46BellringerGo to section 5 of your binderLook at the Safety Exam5 questions should be answered at this point.Discuss your answers with your 2 oclock buddy. Come to a resolution on the correct response(s).YOU HAVE 10 MINUTES.Fire Safety

Prevent fires using these precautionsInstall, maintain, and regularly test smoke detectorsChange smoke detector batteries twice-yearlyDo not overload electrical outletsMaintain a neat and orderly environmentPlanning for SafetyTour area and locate fire extinguisher, fire alarm pull box and exitsPractice using fire extinguisherPlan at least two escape routesPerform an inspection for fire and other safety hazardsAssume all alarms are notification of an actual fireIf a fire startsDetermine if you can put out with a fire extinguisher (small vs. large)Contained vs. diffusedVery little threat vs. immediate threatIf extremely small, contained, and not an immediate threatGet the fire extinguisher and PASS:Pull (pin from the fire extinguisher)Aim (nozzle at the base of fire)Squeeze (the handle)Sweep (spray from nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire)

If you cannot extinguish fireSeek an exit. Door handle hot? Yes? Dont open. Seek alternate exit.Cannot exit? Hang a sheet or jacket out of window.Stay low to floor where smoke and gasses are lessIf you can exit, close doors behind you.Yell fire as you leave and pull fire alarmStay low to floor where smoke and gasses are less concentrated.

Checkpoint! On Target?It is best to prevent or detect fires at the earliest stages. Circle the prevention techniques you can control.Install, maintain, and test smoke detectorsChange smoke detector batteriesMaintain a neat, orderly environmentDo not overload electrical outletsC and D55If an actual fire occurred, you would want to know the location of which of the following items? Fire extinguisherSmoke alarmPossible exitsYour car keysA and C56PASS is an acronym that helps you remember the steps in using a(n): Fire alarmFire extinguisherFire detectorAutomated sprinkler systemB57PASS stands for: Pick alarm siren soundsPatented automated sprinkler systemPull and send someonePull aim squeeze sweepd58Where are smoke and gasses from a fire less concentrated?Lower toward the floorHigher toward the ceilingA59Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls

This is a serious matter . . .Slips and trips can happen anywhere, to anyone, inside or out.

Slips and trips often result in falls and more serious outcomes, including disabling injuries or even death.SlipWhere there is too little friction or traction between your feet (footwear) and the walking or working surface, and you lose your balance.

TripWhen your foot (or lower leg) hits an object and your upper body continues moving, throwing you off balance; OR when you step down unexpectedly to a lower surface (misstep) and lose your balance

FallOccurs when you are too far off your center of balance.

Causes of SlipsWet contamination/spills on floorsDry contamination/spillsHighly polished floorsFreshly waxed surfacesTransitions from one type of floor to anotherSloped walking surfaces, loose or irregular surfacesInclement weatherEtc.Causes of TripsClutter or obstacles in aisles, walkways and work areasUncovered cables, wires, or extension cordsChanges in elevationIrregularities in walking surfaceDamaged, non-uniform, or improper stepsObjects protrudingEtc.Contributing FactorsAnything that makes it difficult to see or distract your attentionPoor lighting, glare, shadows, bulky protective equipment, excessive noiseVisual perceptions, age, physical state, fatigue, stress, illness, medications, alcohol, drug effectsCarrying too much, inattentive walking, not using designated paths, hurrying, poor cleaning, no signage, improper footwearAn Ounce of Prevention . . .Design work process to decrease risksUse proper housekeeping to prevent slips, trips, and fallsWear stable shoes with non-slip solesMount and dismount equipment and climbing and descending ladders safelyIf you fall . . . Roll with the fall by letting your body crumple and roll rather than reaching out to stop yourselfBend your elbows and knees and use your legs and arms to absorb the fallGet medical attention to treat anything torn, sprained or broken

Checkpoint! On Target?Wet spills on the floor are more likely to cause:

SlipsTripsClutter or obstacles in aisles, walkways, and work areas are more likely to causeSlipsTripsList 3 factors that can make it more likely for someone to slip, trip, or fall.Wearing _____ footwear is recommended to help prevent slips, trips, and falls:Slip-resistantExpensiveDesignerDamaged

If you begin to fall, you should: (choose 1)Brace yourself for impact by holding your body rigidRoll with the fall, keeping elbows and knees bentLock your arms and try to fall into a push-up positionGrab anything you can to prevent the fallHazardous ChemicalAny chemical that can do harm to your bodyFactors of exposure affect result on human bodyToxicityDoseFormRoute (body entrance)Carcinogens: cancer causing chemicalsVinyl chlorideBenzeneDBCPMethylene chlorideCadmiumEthylene oxideArsenicButadieneacrylonitrile