bell work tues. 2/17 ► 1. what evidence do scientists use to predict mega droughts? ► 2. what 2...
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Bell Work Tues. 2/17Bell Work Tues. 2/17
►1. What evidence do scientists 1. What evidence do scientists use to predict mega droughts?use to predict mega droughts?
►2. What 2 Presidents were 2. What 2 Presidents were born in February?born in February?
►3. Where is Warner Brothers’ 3. Where is Warner Brothers’ prop/costume archives prop/costume archives housed?housed?
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Charles Pinckney
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Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?
• Each state except Rhode Island sent delegates to Philadelphia to fix the flaws in the Articles of Confederation.
• Most of the 55 men were well-educated and experienced in politics.
• Native Americans, African Americans, and women were not included.
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Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?
• -Benjamin Franklin was the oldest delegate at 81.
• He was a diplomat, writer, inventor, and scientist.
• Two delegates–George Washington and James Madison–would later become presidents.
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• Thomas Jefferson and John Adams could not attend.
• They were in Europe as representatives of the United States government.
• Patrick Henry opposed the convention and did not attend.
Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?
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What Decisions Where Made?
• The delegates chose George Washington to preside.
• Washington chose a committee to set rules for conducting the convention.
• The committee decided that decisions would be made by majority vote, with each state having one vote.
• Delegates agreed to keep all discussions secret to enable all to speak freely.
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• No formal records were kept.
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• Most of what we know comes from James Madison’s personal notebook of events.
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• The delegates decided to discard the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution.
• Thus the meeting came to be known as the Constitutional Convention.
Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?
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Roger Sherman
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What Were the Two Opposing Plans?
• James Madison designed the Virginia Plan. It called for a government with three branches: the legislative branch (lawmakers), executive branch (to carry out the laws), and judicial branch (a system of courts to interpret and apply the laws).
• The legislature would have two houses, with the states represented by basis of population
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What Were the Two Opposing Plans?
• The Virginia Plan appealed to the large states.
• The small states feared a government dominated by large states who would ignore their interests.
• The New Jersey Plan also called for three branches of government.
• The legislature would have one house and each state would get one vote.
• This plan would give equal power to large and small states.
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What Compromises Were Made?
• -Roger Sherman’s committee proposed a Senate and a House of Representatives.
• Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. Representation in the House would be based on population.
• The delegates accepted this Great Compromise or Connecticut Plan.
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What Compromises Were Made?• Southern states wanted
to count enslaved African Americans as part of their population in determining representation in the House.
• Northern states opposed this plan.
• In the Three-fifths Compromise, delegates agreed that every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons for determining congressional representation and figuring taxes.
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• -Northern states wanted Congress to be able to regulate foreign trade and trade between the states.
• Southern states feared Congress would then tax their exports and stop the slave trade.
• They agreed to give Congress the power to regulate trade, but it could not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade before 1808.
What Compromises Were Made?
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• Delegates disagreed on whether Congress or the voters should choose the president.
• The solution was the Electoral College, a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president.
• Today, the voters in each state, not the legislators, choose electors.
What Compromises Were Made?
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Approving the Constitution• Ratification required at
least 9 of 13 state conventions to vote “yes.”
• Supporters of the constitution called themselves Federalists to emphasize that the Constitution would create a system of federalism• A form of government
in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states.
• Federalists argued for a strong central government.• Federalist Papers-
Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
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Approving the Constitution• Opponents, the Anti-
Federalists, wanted more power for the states and less for the national government.
• They also wanted a bill of rights to protect individual freedoms.
• Both agreed to add a bill of rights. This promise turned the tide.
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• The Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify it on June 21, 1788.
Approving the Constitution
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http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/webcasts.htm
Empire of Reason