Bell Ringer! What do you see in this images? List everything you observe.

What is the artist’s message? Negative impacts?

Manifest Destiny – it is “obvious”, “bound to happen” that the US had the right to push west

to the Pacific

Westward Expansion

Traveling West in the Early 1800s

Getting there is half the battle…

• How did people travel before there were roads?– Follow rivers, employ Native American guides,

follow Native paths, navigate by stars• New roads helped linked the East to

settlements in the West

Oregon territory = fertile soil, mild climate, plentiful

rainfall attracted thousands of settlers

~ travelers along the Oregon Trail faced many hardships;

the greatest threat came from diseases like cholera

California Territory

GOLD GOLD GOLD!!

• Discovery of GOLD is Sutter’s Mill, California led to rapid western migration

• 1849 – 80,000 people rush to CA (49ers)• California came to develop a diverse

population– African-Americans found work in mining camps– European immigrants came to mine for gold– Chinese immigrants came to build railroads

UTAH

• Mormons move to Utah to escape religious persecution

Match the terms on the right with the location on the left

• Oregon• California• Utah

• Gold discovered in Sutter’s Mill• Fertile soil, long rain season• Diversity• Mormons• African-Americans, immigrants

from Europe and China• Oregon trail• 1849• Religious freedom

Map Activity - Review1 – Gadsden Purchase2 – Gadsden Purchase3 – Texas annexation and Mexican Cession4 – California, Nevada, Utah5 – Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico6 – New Mexico7 – Arizona8 – California9 – one million square miles larger

Bell Ringer!

• What would it take for you to want Revolution?–Revolution = major change in society

• List some possible reasons that you believe would justify revolution

Spanish in Texas

American settlers in Texas

• Spain gave Austin senior aland grant, junior fulfills• Mexico winsIndependence from Spain• Settlers moved to Texasfor its rich soil, many camefrom South, wanted to expand cotton and slavery

Americans in Texas revolt against Mexican rule

• By 1830 20,000 American had moved to Texas• Mexico’s ruler – Santa Anna – began enforcing

“strict” laws:– Required Texans to worship at Catholic Church– Declared slavery illegal

I’m in charge now,

do what I tell you….or

else

Texas declares independence

President Houston

1836 ~ Santa Anna lays siege to Alamo

~ 1,000s of Mexicans attack the “traitors”, none

of the defenders will survive

188 Texans v.

6,000 Mexican troops

Alamo, San Antonio

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH-xBsK9Ajc

~ after fall of the Alamo, Texans were eager for revenge (“Remember the Alamo!”)

1836 Battle of San Jacinto wins Texas

Independence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71EctJ-PWqM

~ battle lasted 18 minutes;

630 Mexicans killed, 700 captured

~ for his release Santa Anna grants Texas

“independence”

Lone Star Republic • Faced many challenges:

– Mexican gov’t refused to accept the treaty Santa Anna had signed

– Texas was nearly bankrupt– Indian groups attacked Texan communities

~ Polk urges Congress to annex Texas

~ the annexation of Texas leads to war

with Mexico…

Texas joins the US

• On February 28, 1845, the Congress passed a bill that authorized the United States to annex the Republic of Texas, and President Tyler signed the bill

• The Mexican government had long warned that annexation would mean war with the United States

• Why?? (Predict reasons – record in bottom square of your worksheet)

Bell Ringer

• Imagine you live in a house with 10 acres of property and have a neighbor that you frequently disagree with - one of the disagreements concerns the exact location of your property line

• He decides to plant flowers in the disputed area– How would you react?

• He then goes a step further and builds a shed in the disputed area– What would you do?

Polk ordered General Taylor and his forces south to the Rio Grande, into disputed territory that Mexicans claimed as their own. Mexico claimed the Nueces River — about 150 miles (240 km) north of the Rio Grande — as its border with Texas.

War with Mexico

What spot

exactly??

American blood has been shed

on American

soil

~ Americans win…

at Buena Vista

at Monterrey

at Veracruz at Mexico City

“Polk’s War”• Some Americans believed the war had gone

too far– why were we taking Mexico City?

• Henry David Thoreau – “Civil Disobedience” – do what you believe is morally right, even if it breaks the law

“Dance to the beat of your own drum”

Civil Disobedience and the Mexican war

• Some people stopped paying taxes in protest (Thoreau)

• A group of Irish immigrants even fight for the Mexican side! (AKA – TREASON!)

– St. Patrick’s Battalion– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idKD47x0JaM

“IRELAND FOREVER!”

~ the Treaty that ends the war gives the US the “Mexican Cession” of New Mexico, Utah and California

Mixing of Cultures

War With Mexico – Crash Course!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkdF8pOFUfI