Bell Quiz (Pages 700-707)Bell Quiz (Pages 700-707)

1)1) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. base his Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. base his non-violent ideas on the teachings of non-violent ideas on the teachings of 3 people. Name the 3 people.3 people. Name the 3 people.

2)2) In what year was the SCLC founded?In what year was the SCLC founded?

3)3) What was the purpose of the SCLC?What was the purpose of the SCLC?

4)4) Who founded SNCC?Who founded SNCC?

5)5) What is a Sit-in?What is a Sit-in?

Answers Answers

1)1) Henry David Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, Henry David Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, and Jesus.and Jesus.

2)2) 19571957

3)3) To carry on nonviolent crusades against To carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship.the evils of second-class citizenship.

4)4) Ella Baker and students at Shaw UniversityElla Baker and students at Shaw University

5)5) A protest in which African Americans sat at A protest in which African Americans sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served. leave until served.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Pastor of the Dexter Pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist ChurchAvenue Baptist Church

Earned Ph.D. in Earned Ph.D. in theology from Boston theology from Boston University. University.

Called for his own Called for his own brand of brand of non-violent non-violent resistance, know as resistance, know as “soul force”, “soul force”, based on based on the teaching of several the teaching of several people.people.

Influences on MLKInfluences on MLKHenry David Henry David ThoreauThoreau::– Concept of civil Concept of civil

disobedience= the disobedience= the refusal to obey refusal to obey unjust lawsunjust laws..

Mohandas Gandhi:Mohandas Gandhi:– Lawfully resist Lawfully resist

oppression without oppression without violence (marches, violence (marches, sit-ins, etc). sit-ins, etc).

Jesus:Jesus:– love one’s enemies love one’s enemies

Southern Christian Leadership Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Conference (SCLCSCLC))

Founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and other Founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders in 1957. civil rights leaders in 1957. Used black churches to organize non-violent Used black churches to organize non-violent protests, train citizens in the practice of non-protests, train citizens in the practice of non-violent tactics, and provide moral support to violent tactics, and provide moral support to protestors. protestors. Its purpose was “to carry on nonviolent Its purpose was “to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class crusades against the evils of second-class citizenshipcitizenship.” .” Staged protests and demonstrations Staged protests and demonstrations throughout the South. throughout the South.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Committee (SNCCSNCC))

A protest group founded A protest group founded in 1960 by Ella Baker in 1960 by Ella Baker and and students at Shaw students at Shaw University.University.

SNCC hoped to harness SNCC hoped to harness the energy of the energy of student student protesters (high school protesters (high school and college age).and college age).

SNCC adopted King’s SNCC adopted King’s ideas in part, but called ideas in part, but called for a more confrontational for a more confrontational strategystrategy..

Primarily focused on sit-Primarily focused on sit-ins and voins and voter registration ter registration drives.drives.

The Congress of Racial Equality The Congress of Racial Equality ((CORECORE))

CORE was founded in Chicago in 1942. CORE was founded in Chicago in 1942.

Sought to apply the principles of Sought to apply the principles of nonviolence as a tactic against nonviolence as a tactic against segregationsegregation..

Staged the first Sit-ins; African-Staged the first Sit-ins; African-American protesters sat down at American protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until servedto leave until served..

Sit-Ins: “Fill the Jails”Sit-Ins: “Fill the Jails”In a sit-in, protesters remain until they are evicted, usually by force, or arrested, or until their requests have been met.

Sit-ins have historically been a highly successful form of protest because they cause disruption that draws attention to the protesters' cause.

They are a non-violent way to effectively shut down an area or business.

The forced removal of protesters, and sometimes the use of violence against them, often arouses sympathy from the public, increasing the chances of the demonstrators reaching their goal.

“Fill the Jails”: Must have enough protestors to fill the jails so that no more protestors can be arrested.

Greensboro Sit-insGreensboro Sit-insIntegral part of the Integral part of the nonviolent strategy of civil nonviolent strategy of civil disobedience.disobedience.In February 1960 SNCC In February 1960 SNCC members staged members staged a sit-in at a sit-in at Woolworth’s inWoolworth’s in Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina.North Carolina.A-A protestors sat down at A-A protestors sat down at the segregated lunch the segregated lunch counter and refused to counter and refused to leave until they were leave until they were servedserved..News coverage of the News coverage of the protests showed the entire protests showed the entire United States the racism United States the racism that existed in the South that existed in the South and the violence that and the violence that resulted.resulted.

Eyes on the Prize Video Eyes on the Prize Video Segment: Sit-insSegment: Sit-ins