Beliefs >Hazrat Mohammad (s.a.w), the Last Prophet >Holy Prophets AttributesThe Prophecy of MuhammadSource Shiah, Page (149), by Allamah Muhammad Huai! Taba"aba#i$ he last prophet of !od is Hadrat"e Muhammad " upo# whom be blessi#$s a#d pea%e " who possesses a boo& a#d a 'hari(ah a#d i# whom Muslims ha)e pla%ed their faith. he Prophet was bor# fifty"three years before the be$i##i#$ if the he$ira %ale#dar i# Me%%a i#the Hi*az amidst the family of Ba#y Hashim of the ribe of +uraysh, who were %o#sidered the most ho#ored of the Arab families. His father was %alled (Abdallah a#d his mother, Ami#ah. He lost both pare#ts at the be$i##i#$ of %hildhood a#d was pla%ed u#der the %are of his pater#al $ra#dfather, (Abd al"Muttalib, who also soo# passed away. At this time the Prophet(s u#%le, Abu alib, too& %har$e of him a#d be%ame his $uardia#, ta&i#$ him i#to his ow# house. he Prophet $rewup i# his u#%le(s house a#d e)e# before rea%hi#$ the a$e of adoles%e#%e used to a%%ompa#y his u#%le o# *our#eys by %ara)a#. he Prophet had #ot re%ei)ed a#y s%hooli#$ a#d therefore did #ot ow how to read a#d write. ,et, after rea%hi#$ the a$e of maturity he be%ame famous for his wisdom, %ourtesy, a#d trustworthi#ess. As a result of his sa$a%ity a#d trustworthi#ess, o#e of the wome# of the tribe of +uraysh, well"ow# for her wealth, appoi#ted him as the %ustodia# of her possessio#s a#d left i# his ha#ds the tas& of %o#du%ti#$ her %ommer%ial affairs. he Prophet o#%e *our#eyed to -amas%us with her mer%ha#dise a#d as a result of the ability he displayed was able to ma&e a# outsta#di#$ profit. Before lo#$ she as&ed to be%ome his wife a#d the Prophet a%%epted her proposal. After the marria$e, whi%h o%%urred whe# he was twe#ty"fi)e years old, the Prophet be$a# the life of a ma#a$er of his wife(s fortu#es, u#til the a$e of forty, $ai#i#$ mea#while a widespread reputatio# for wisdom a#d trustworthi#ess. He refused, howe)er, to worship idols, as was the %ommo# reli$ious pra%ti%e of the Arabs of the Hi*az. A#d o%%asio#ally he would ma&e spiritual retreats (&halwah) i# whi%h he prayed a#d dis%oursed se%retly with !od. At the a$e of forty, i# the %a)e of Hira(, i# the mou#tai#s of the ihamah re$io# #ear Me%%a, whe# he was i# spiritual retreat, he was %hose# by !od to be%ome a prophet a#d was $i)e# the missio# of propa$ati#$ the #ew reli$io#. At that mome#t the first %hapter of the +ura# (.The Blood-Clot. /'urah"i (ala01 ) was re)ealed to him. hat )ery day he retur#ed to his house a#d o# the way met his %ousi#, Ali ib# Abi alib, who after heari#$ the a%%ou#t of what had o%%urred de%lared his a%%epta#%e of the faith. After the Prophet e#tered the house a#d told his wife of the re)elatio#, she li&ewise a%%epted 2slam. he first time the Prophet i#)ited people to a%%ept his messa$e he was fa%ed with a distressi#$ a#d pai#ful rea%tio#. 3f #e%essity he was for%ed he#%eforth to propa$ate his messa$e i# se%ret for some time u#til he was ordered a$ai# by !od to i#)ite his )ery %lose relati)es to a%%ept his messa$e. But this %all was also fruitless a#d #o o#e heeded it e4%ept Ali ib# Abi alib, who i# a#y %ase had already a%%epted the faith. (But i# a%%orda#%e with do%ume#ts tra#smitted from the Household of the Prophet a#d e4ta#t poems %omposed by Abu alib, 'hi(ites belie)e that Abu alib had also embra%ed 2slam5 howe)er, be%ause he was the sole prote%tor of the Prophet, he hid his faith from the people i# order to preser)e the outward power he had with the +uraysh.) After this period, a%%ordi#$ to -i)i#e i#stru%tio#, the Prophet be$a# to propa$ate his missio# ope#ly. 6ith the be$i##i#$ of ope# propa$atio# the people of Me%%a rea%ted most se)erely a#d i#fli%ted the most pai#ful affli%tio#s a#d tortures upo# the Prophet a#d the people who had be%ome #ewly %o#)erted to 2slam. he se)ere treatme#t dealt out by the +uraysh rea%hed su%h a de$ree that a $roup of Muslims left their homes a#d belo#$i#$s a#d mi$rated to Abyssi#ia. he Prophet a#d his u#%le, Abu alib, alo#$ with their relati)es from the Ba#u Hashim, too& refu$e for three years i# the .mou#tai# pass ofAbu alib,. a fort i# o#e of the )alleys of Me%%a. 7o o#e had a#y deali#$s or tra#sa%tio#swith them a#d they did #ot dare to lea)e their pla%e of refu$e. he idol"worshippers of Me%%a, althou$h at the be$i##i#$ they %o#sidered i#fli%ti#$ all &i#ds of pressures a#d tortures su%h as stri&i#$ a#d beati#$, i#sult, ridi%ule a#d defamatio# o# the Prophet, o%%asio#ally would also show &i#d#ess a#d %ourtesy toward him i# order to ha)e him tur# away from his missio#. hey would promise him $reat sums of mo#ey or leadership a#d the rule of the tribe. But for the Prophet their promises a#d their threats o#ly resulted i# the i#te#sifi%atio# of his will a#d determi#atio# to %arry out his missio#. 3#%e, whe# they %ame to the Prophet promisi#$ him wealth a#d power, the Prophet told them, usi#$ metaphori%al la#$ua$e, that if they were to put the su# i# thepalm of his ri$ht ha#d a#d the moo# i# the palm of his left ha#d he would #ot tur# away from obeyi#$ the u#i0ue !od or refrai# from performi#$ his missio#. About the te#th year of his prophe%y, whe# the Prophet left the .mou#tai# pass of Abu alib,. his u#%le Abu alib, who was also his sole prote%tor, died as did also his de)oted wife. He#%eforth there was #o prote%tio# for his life #or a#y pla%e of refu$e. 8i#ally the idol"worshippers of Me%%a de)ised a se%ret pla# to &ill him. At #i$ht they surrou#ded his house from all sides with the aim of for%i#$ themsel)es i# at the e#d of the #i$ht a#d %utti#$ him to pie%es while he was i# bed. But !od, the 94alted, i#formed him of the pla#a#d %omma#ded him to lea)e for ,athrib. he Prophet pla%ed Ali i# pla%e of himself i# his bed a#d at #i$ht left the house u#der the -i)i#e prote%tio#, passi#$ amidst his e#emies, a#d ta&i#$ refu$e i# a %a)e #ear Me%%a. After three days whe# his e#emies, ha)i#$ loo&ed e)erywhere, $a)e up hope of %apturi#$ him a#d retur#ed to Me%%a, he left the %a)e a#d set out for ,athrib. he people of ,athrib, whose leaders had already a%%epted the messa$e of the Prophet a#d swor# alle$ia#%e to him, a%%epted him with ope# arms a#d pla%ed their li)es a#d property at his disposal. 2# ,athrib for the first time the Prophet formed a small 2slami% %ommu#ity a#d si$#ed treaties with the :ewish tribes i# a#d arou#d the %ity as well as with the powerful Arab tribes of the re$io#. He u#dertoo& the tas& of propa$ati#$ the 2slami% messa$e a#d ,athrib be%ame famous as .Madi#at al"rasul. (the %ity of the Prophet). 2slam be$a# to $row a#d e4pa#d from day to day. he Muslims, who i# Me%%a were %au$ht i# the mesh of the i#*usti%e a#d i#e0uity of the +uraysh, $radually left their homesa#d property a#d mi$rated to Medi#a, re)ol)i#$ arou#d the Prophet li&e moths arou#d a %a#dle. his $roup be%ame ow# as the .immi$ra#ts. (muha*iru#) i# the same way that those who aided the Prophet i# ,athrib $ai#ed the #ame of .helpers. (a#sar). 2slam was ad)a#%i#$ rapidly but at the same time the idol"worshippers of +uraysh, as well as the :ewish tribes of the He*az, were u#restrai#ed i# their harassme#t of the Muslims. 6ith the help of the .hypo%rites. (mu#afi0u#) of Medi#a who were amidst the %ommu#ity of Muslims a#d who were #ot ow# for their holdi#$ a#y parti%ular positio#s, they %reated #ew misfortu#es for the Muslims e)ery day u#til fi#ally the matterled to war. Ma#y battles too& pla%e betwee# the Muslims a#d the Arab polytheists a#d :ews, i# most of whi%h the Muslims were )i%torious. here were alto$ether o)er ei$hty ma*or a#d mi#or battles. 2# all the ma*or %o#fli%ts su%h as the battles of Badr, ;hud,