behaviorism in
DESCRIPTION
learning theory, behaviorism. classical & operant conditioningTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Behaviorism inEducation
Instructional Objectives:
1.Understand the difference between operant & classical conditioning
2.Be able to identify the differences between negative and positive
reinforcement
3.Be able to apply the principles of behaviorist theory to the classroom
![Page 2: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Goals
The purpose here is to view the things that organisms
do as part of their behavior. Actually the main goal is
to identify the complex mechanisms that guide a
behavior.
![Page 3: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition
Behaviorism is a learning theory that only focuses on
objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent
activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as
nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on
environmental conditions.
![Page 4: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
Involuntary Behaviors A form of learning in which
A new, involuntary response a response increases in
is acquired as a result of frequency as a result
two stimuli being of being followed by
presented at the same time reinforcement or punishment
Two Types of Learning
![Page 5: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SOUR JUICE CAN DISH RUG SMOKE GREASE
DISH KEEP HEAD HAND TEN DICE PHONE
DISH EYE FRANCE ICE FRIEND CLAP BILL
DISH LAST MIND PARK WORD CAN DISH CAN
BUT DISH PHONE CAN MARK FIRST CAN
CRAB BEAT CAN TOP PHONE CAN THEN
DAY CAN RAIN DISH CAN CLUB DRESS SOFT
DISH CAN FALL CALL STAB CAN DISH
PHONE WORD CAN CRAB MARK BILL CAN
DISH RUG DRESS CAN GREASE CLUB CAN
MIND PARK PHONE CAN KEEP ICE FRIEND
CAN KEEP PHONE DISH CAN FRIEND HAND
![Page 6: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning deals with reflexes,
or responses that are evoked from a specific stimulus. People can be
trained to perform a certain task or response by providing some sort of
trigger, which may be a sound, picture, phrase, etc.
When you see these: What do you think of?
![Page 7: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
(US) Unconditioned Stimulus
(UR) Unconditioned Response
(NS) Neutral Stimulus
(CS) Conditioned Stimulus
(CR) Conditioned Response
Ivan Pavlov
![Page 8: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pavlov presented food to dogs The dogs’ mouths water
![Page 9: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pavlov rang bell The dogs’ mouths did not water
![Page 10: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pavlov presented food to dogs and rang bell Dogs’ mouths water
![Page 11: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pavlov rang bell without food present Dogs’ mouths water
![Page 12: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Classical Conditioning in Edu.
If the teacher is consistent and repetitive with
the stimuli, eventually the students will come
to learn to behave properly through classical
conditioning. Look at this example:
![Page 13: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
If the teacher… Then the students…
Before conditioning Counts down from twenty
Tells the class to ask questions
Will not ask questions
Will ask questions
During conditioning Tells the class to ask questions and
counts down from twenty
Will ask questions
After conditioning Counts down from twenty Will ask questions
The students’ behavior has been conditioned!
![Page 14: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Operant Conditioning
A form of learning in which a response increases in frequency as a result of being followed byreinforcement or punishment
1. Behavior 2. stimuli 3. response changes a behavior
![Page 15: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Operant Conditioning in Edu.
Helping behavioramong peers Behavior helping other student Stimulus Teacher praise ResponseHelping behaviorchanges
![Page 16: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Principles of Reinforcement
A reinforcer is any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
Positive : a stimulus that strengthens an operant response when it is presented after the response.
Negative : a stimulus that strengthens an operant response when it is taken away after the response.
![Page 17: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Punishmenta stimulus that weakens the operant response it follows.
Positive: a stimulus that weakens an operant response when it is presented after the response
Negative: a stimulus that weakens an operant response when it is taken away after the response
![Page 18: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Punishment
Education example
Behavior cheating on a testStimulus a failing gradeResponse decrease of cheating behavior
![Page 19: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ineffective Forms of Punishment for Teachers ( Research Results)
Physical punishment
psychological punishment
Extra class work/homework
![Page 20: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Effective Forms of Punishment( Research Results)
Verbal recommends
Time out
In-school suspension
![Page 21: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Summary
What we did cover
Operant vs. Classical Conditioning
Reinforcement & Punishment
- Positive and negative
Application to the classroom
![Page 22: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Presented by
Maryam Eskandarjouy
Contact: mehraboonn_a192yahoo.com
![Page 23: Behaviorism in](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061218/54b806aa4a79598d0a8b457f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Thank You