behavioral science health belief model (hbm) dr. g.u ahsan, ph.d
TRANSCRIPT
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Behavioral Science
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL(HBM)
Dr. G.U Ahsan, Ph.D
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Origins of HBM
Developed initially in early 1950s by social psychologists Godfrey Hochbaum, Stephen Kegels and Irwin Rosenstock
Developed in an effort to explain failure of health programs in obtaining people’s participation
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Origins…
The development of the HBM grew out of real concerns with the limited success of various programs of the Public Health Service in the 1950s. One such early example was the failure of large numbers of eligible adults to participate in tuberculosis (TB) screening programs provided at no charge in mobile X-ray units conveniently located in various neighborhoods.
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Origins….
In 1974 HBM model was further extended to analyze:
People’s responses to symptoms
People's behavior a=in response to diagnosed illness
People’s compliance with medical regimens
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The HBM theory is a value expectancy theory:
Meaning-
Value: The desire to avoid illness or to get well
Expectancy: The belief that a specific health action available to a person would prevent illness.
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Non compliance in health seeking behavior
Patient fail to take medication as prescribed
Do not attend to medical appointments
Skip or stop doing exercise recommended and
Fail to follow recommended diet or other items for life style change.
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Components of the HBM
1. Perceived susceptibility:Individual subjective perception to be contracted to an illness
2. Perceived severity:Individual’s feeling concerning the seriousness of contracting an illness or leaving it untreated
3. Perceived benefits:Health behaviors depends upon the beliefs regarding the effectiveness of the various available actions in reducing the disease threat
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4. Perceived Barriers:
The potentiality negative aspects of a particular health action.
A kind of non conscious cost-benefit analysis: eg.: it may be expensive, dangerous, unpleasant (painful, difficult, or upsetting), inconvenient, time consuming and so forth.
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5. Cues to Action:Any of the following can be the cause of action
Mass media campaigns (awareness)
A reminder letter form doctor
Family illness
Perception of one’s own symptoms
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6. Self-Efficacy:
Introduced by Bandura in 1977
For behavioral change people must feel threatened by their current behavior patterns and believe the change will resulting in a valued outcome.
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The HBM and Cigarette Smoking Behavior
On the survey of 2000 adult current smokers, ex-smokers and people who had never smoked the result was:
83% of current smokers believed that smoking was harmful to health.
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Demographic factor (e.g. age or gender)
Knowledge about health problem
Experience or prior contact with health problem
Mass media campaigns
A reminder letter from doctor or dentist
Family illness
An evaluation of the pros and cons of taking action (preventive)
Likelihood that an individual will take preventive action
An assessment of the perceived thereat of a health problem
Personality factors
Perceptions of one’s own symptoms
Perceived gain/perceived cost (financial cost+time+hazards)
Perception of seriousness of the health problem
Perceived personal susceptibility to the illness (Perceived thereat)
Cues to action
HBM and Its Components
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Implications of HBM in the field of Public Health
This model is important to
Address public health concerns like Screening and compliance
Providing as an explanatory and an intervention tool for health behavior
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Different Views on Limitations of the Model
Perceived barrier is only the most powerful and influencing component of HBM
Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits were important and stronger predictors for human behavior
Inconsistent measurement of HBM concepts
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Message
It is timely for public health specialists who are attempting to influence health behavior is wise to have utilized Health Belief Model including Self Efficacy in their program planning both in needs assessment and in program strategies.
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