Sonia Yu

Motives (Why?) Methods of learning (How?) Use of time (When?) Physical environment (Where?) Social environment (With Whom?) Performance (What?)

Ten Research Principles of Multimedia Learning:1. Multimedia – People learn better from words and pictures than from

words alone2. Contiguity – People learn better when corresponding words and

pictures are presented near rather than far from each other3. Coherence – People learn better when extraneous words, pictures

and sounds are excluded4. Modality – People learn better from words and pictures when words

are spoken5. Redundancy – People learn better from animation and narration

rather than animation, narration and on-screen text6. Personalization – People learn better when words are presented in

conversational style7. Voice – People learn better from human voice8. Signaling – People learn better when stresses are used9. Interactivity – People learn better when they can control the pace of

presentation10. Pretraining – People learn better when they received pretraining

Design process: Goal SettingPositive reinforcement (verbalization – voice principle)

Incorporate: Rehearsal strategies

for factual materials Elaboration

strategies for linking new information

Organizational strategies with visuals (multimedia and contiguity principle)

• Adhere to Coherence Principle (People learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded) so that time is utilized efficiently for the student

Ideas to increase ease of access:• Web based applications• Minimal downloading• Minimal system requirements

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Personalization principle

Interactivity principle