batl089_

8/13/2019 BATL089_

1/24

Map 89 ArmeniaCompiled by S.E. Kroll (Iran), M. Roaf, St J. Simpson and T. Sinclair (Turkey), 1996

Introduction

Turkey

The Roman empire occupied parts of the area covered by the map, and from 591 nearly all of it. Moreover,irrespective of political hegemony, the Armenian and Syrian regions here were by virtue of culture and religion anextension of the Greek and Roman world.

Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods was bounded to the west by the R. Euphrates and to the south bythe Taurus mountains, apart from the upper Tigris basin (districts of Ingilene, Sophanene and Arzanene). The area to thesouth of the Taurus was not considered part of Armenia nor settled by Armenians, but was inhabited by Syrians. The

northern edge of the map more or less coincides with the boundary of Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods,except towards the east, where significant districts of Armeniathe plain east of the R. Araxes and the mountainous areaaround Lychnitis Limnelie within Map 88.

The parts of Armenia on Map 89 consist mostly of plains separated by mountains and hills. Elevation rises fromwest to east, reaching about 5,000 ft in the Thospitis Limne basin. It drops, however, in the basin of Matiane Limne andthe Araxes plain further north; these two areas were part of Atropatene during classical antiquity, but were counted withinArmenia by the early seventh century A.D. (they are now in Iranian Azerbaijan). Despite its height and partlymountainous nature, the terrain of Armenia was capable of supporting a large and quite evenly dispersed population.Pottery surveys, together with such excavation as has taken place, show that Armenia was most densely populated duringthe Roman period, with the exception of the Thospitis Limne region, where the pre-Achaemenid Urartian occupation wasthe most active.

Archaeological excavation over the whole area, within classical Armenia or beyond, has been largely confined to

rescue work behind the dams on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and to pre-Achaemenid sites elsewhere. Pottery surveysapart, surface-instrument survey of sites, as opposed to standing monuments, has been mostly limited to Urartiansettlements. This said, Atropatene is an exception on both counts. More systematic excavation work could well lead tomore complete and satisfactory identification of known toponyms, and would certainly permit a better-balanced picture ofoccupation with the inclusion of significant unnamed sites. Except in Atropatene, virtually none of the unnamed sitesexcavated counts as significant at this scale.

For the most part, the toponyms known from Greek and Latin sources occur in texts whichfrom a geographicperspectiveare highly unsystematic. They are therefore supplemented selectively by Armenian and Syriac names.

Iraq and Syria

The difficulties of working with limited evidence (both written and material) in this general area, as outlined inthe Introduction to Map 91, apply here likewise. The standard study of the region during classical antiquity is the

important and useful work of Dillemann (1962). Unfortunately, however, many of his proposals cannot beconfirmed, and his locations for ancient toponyms (except in a few cases) are disputed.

Although large numbers of churches and monasteries are recorded in texts (Fiey 1965), relatively few of themcan be identified with existing ruins, and even fewer such sites can be shown to have existed before the Islamicperiod.

The road system is discussed by Dillemann (1962) and Oates (1968; 1990). Only small fragments ofconstructed roads have been discovered, and none of these is securely dated. Bridges have been identified as Roman,although they may date to a later period. Some milestones have been found, but perhaps notin situ. Hollow waysidentified on the plains of northern Iraq and Syria (Wilkinson 1995) may indicate the positions of ancient routes.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

2/24

8/13/2019 BATL089_

3/24

8/13/2019 BATL089_

4/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1271

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E2 Arreston Klima L Rshtunik, district of Vastauna

Adontz 1970, 11

B3 Arsameia H Gerger Kale RE 3; Drner 1939, 16-29, 86-91B2 Arsamosata HRL Haraba RE; Sinclair 1989a, 112-15, 136-37B2 Arsanias fl.

Arsinos? fl.

HRL

L

lower R. Euphrates (Murat

Su)

RE 1

Procop.,Bell.1.17.21F1 Arsesa/ Elegosine

R plain of Erci RE Elegosine; RE Tigris 1, col. 1010;Hewsen 1992, 333; T. Sinclair

B2 Arsinia L (Eski) Ergani? ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 265-66F2 Arsissa/

Aretissa L. Arsakis Limne Arsene L.

HR/R

L. Erek RE; T. Sinclair

Artagigarta =*Arkathiokerta

C1 *Artales/ *Arda?

L/L

citadel of Ki GCyp 957G; Honigmann 1935, 16-17;Sinclair 1989a, 130-31, 142-43; 1990, 372;T. Sinclair

G1 Artaxata Neronias

HRL peninsula in R. Aras, nearAralik ARM

RE

F2 Artemita R Edremit Hewsen 1982, 140Arxama = Arzamon

H1 Arxata H?R Shahtakht? RE; R.H. HewsenC4 Arzamon fl. L Zergan Whitby 1986, 242C3 Arzamon/

Arxama Arcamo

RL/RLL

Harzem RE; Dillemann 1962, 103, 159

D2 Arzanene L upper Tigris basin ENymphios fl.

Dillemann 1962, 121-23

H2 Arziyayad tepe CH SE Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 5D2 Ashtishat RL Derik Garsoian 1989, 449-50B4 (As)Syria See Map 3C2 Astaunitis/

AsthianeneR/L

Euphrates plain aroundBingl

Garsoian 1989, 467-68

C2 Attachas L Anta, formerly Hattakh GCyp 938H; Honigmann 1935, 37D1 Autisparate/

Theodosiopolis

L/

L

Erzurum RE Theodosiopolis 2;

Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair

F1 Bagauna/ Sagouana

Raugonia

RL/L

Kilise EncIran 1.428; Garsoian 1989, 452

ItMiller 677E1 Bagrauandene R plain of Ar Garsoian 1989, 452-53

Baioulous = BalisbigaB2 Balabitene L plain of Palu Hewsen 1992, 155 (n. 34)E4 Balad/

ShahrabadhR?L/RL

Eski Mosul IRQ EncIs; Morony 1982

G3 Balajuk tepe CH near Lur village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 7*Balaleisa = Cymiza

B4 Balihu/ Balissus fl.

SYR / TKY See Map 67

B2 Balisbiga/

Baioulous

R/

L

Palu Ptol. 5.12.7; Howard-Johnston 1989, 223;

T. SinclairBalissus fl. = Balihu fl.Balouos = Cymiza

C3 *Banabela L Numan Bey Kalesi aboveBenabil

GCyp 924H; Honigmann 1935, 35

H3 Baranduz tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, UR 55E1 Barantea L Horasan? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair

Baras = *ArkathiokertaB3 Barbare

BarabetaL Mohammed Khan? ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 171-73;

T. SinclairB2 Barsalium

BarzalaRL Killik RE Barsalion

8/13/2019 BATL089_

5/24

1272 MAP 89 ARMENIA


G1 Barun Qal'eh CH near Imam Quli KandiIRN

Kleiss 1976, 36; Kroll 2000, MK 47

F4 Ba'shiqa L IRQ Morony 1982, 14Basileon Phrourion =

*Arkathiokerta

Bassiane = PhasianeG2 Bastam ARL near Bastam village IRN Kroll 1988G4 Batas-Harir R IRQ Boehmer 1973F4 Bavian H?R? IRQ Mathiesen 1992, 184-85D4 Beberaci L. R?L Lake Khatuniya SYR ItMiller 781-82; Oates 1990, 231-32D3 Beioubaitha

BeioudaesL Fafe GCyp 930H

Palmer 1990, 23, 152 (n. 25)Beth Arbaye = Arbayestan

E3 Bezabde/ Zabdaion Chorion

L/L

Hendek RE Bezabde; RE Zabdicene, col. 2202;Algaze 1989, 250-52; T. Sinclair

C3 Birthon/ Virta?

Birthas?

L/R?L

Mirdon? GCyp 937H; RE Birtha 2;Honigmann 1935, 14, 37

C1 Bizana/ Leontopolis

L/L

in S part of Tercan plain RE; Adontz 1970, 16-17, 133, 136;T. Sinclair

Bouana = ThospiaF4 Boumelos? fl.

Bumodus fl.CHR perhaps R. Khazir and R.

Gomel IRQRE Gaugamela, cols. 862-63

C4 Bouron fl. L Dara Whitby 1986, 44 (n. 2)

E2 Calata L Ahlat? RED1 Calcidava L Ilca Manandian 1965, 91, 98-99; T. SinclairB4 Carrhae ACHRL Altnbaak, formerly

HarranSee Map 67

Carsa(g)is = Chorsabia*Castellum Arabum =

ShadikanniD3 Castra Maurorum L forts of Sapha, on Izzeddin

Da, 'Abra, and camp ofLln

Poidebard 1934, 159-60; T. Sinclair

G1 Catispi/

Hatsiun

L/

L

Hatsiun IRN ItMiller 748, 781; Honigmann 1935, 29;

Kleiss 1979aChaboras fl. = Aborras fl.

E1 Chadas L Elekirt or nearby Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. SinclairC3 Charcha/

Arcaiapis/Karcharoman

RL/L/L

tepe, formerly Kerh Honigmann 1935, 25; Sinclair 1996, VII.2

Chasira? = HarizaG2 Chauon/

Kaputa/Gobdi

Choda Her [Huwaij] Kapauta Kapoutan

HRL/R/L

Khoy IRN RE; Schwarz 1969, 1079-83;Hewsen 1982, 139-40

D2 Chlomaron CL Golamasya Sinclair 1996, VIII.3Chlomaron = TigranocertaCholimma = Tigranocerta

A1 Chorsabia/ Carsa(g)is

Elegarsina?

See Map 64

C1 Chorz(i)ane(ne) L river system of upper PeriSu

Adontz 1970, 14-15; Hewsen 1992, 155(n. 28)

A1 Chosomachon See Map 64D2 Chothaitai L in Khoyt district in Taurus

Mts.GCyp 946G

B1 *Chozana L Ulu Kale GCyp 951G; T. Sinclair

8/13/2019 BATL089_

6/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1273


C2 Coissa L erbetin ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 285-86D3 Colchana

KolsaLR

Kelleha Tarlas Dillemann 1962, 165; Sinclair 1996, VII.2;T. Sinclair

F1 Colchion L near Ar Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. SinclairB2 Colchis RL? YukarHuh ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair

Coloceia = *ZolocertaCommisimbela? =TellSahlan

Constantia =AntiochiaArabis

Corduena = GordyeneCorvilu = Korra

E2 Cymiza/ *Balaleisa/Balouos

L/L/L

Bitlis GCyp 943H; GCyp 945G;Honigmann 1935, 31-32, 37;Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

C3 Cyriacus, Mon. L Der Diyuk, c. 12 milesN Mardin

Hage 1966, 107

C2 Dabanas RL Dibni Honigmann 1935, 13; T. SinclairB2 Dadima L Tadm Howard-Johnston 1983, 250;

Sinclair 1989a, 247Dagnevana = Arest

C3 Dara/ Anastasioupolis

L/L

Ouz, formerly Dara KlPauly Dara 2;Sinclair 1989a, 219-24, 373-78

A1 Daranalis L district of Ani on upperR. Euphrates

RE

Daranissa = GymniasH2 Darman IRN See Map 90C1 Darucinte/

Tareina?/Horonon?

L/R/L

Karakulak Ptol. 5.12.7; ItMiller 676; Bryer 1985 I, 35;T. Sinclair

Datamisa = GymniasE2 Dauduana/

DyzanasR/L

Tu, near Tatvan Ptol. 5.12.10; Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

B1 Derzene HR plain of Tercan REC3 Deyrulzafaran L Sinclair 1989a, 214-19

F1 Didima L Didem? Manandian 1965, 103; T. SinclairA1 Digesine L W end of Dersim GCyp 960G; T. SinclairG1 Doubios ARM See Map 88D3 Duger HR SYR Meijer 1986, 6 (site 5)H3 Durba Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979, 213, 242F4 Dur-Sharrukin AC Khorsabad IRQ OEANE Khorsabad

Dyzanas = Dauduana

C1 Elegeia/ Aegea

R/L

Pekeri Ptol. 5.12.5; Syme 1958, 395;Manandian 1965, 91, 100; T. Sinclair

C2 (E)Legerda/ Illyrisos

R/L

Birkleyn Ptol. 5.12.8; Adontz 1970, 13-14;Sinclair 1989a, 272-77; T. Sinclair

F1 *Elegoana L Erci Sinclair 1996, VII.2Elegosine = ArsesaEleia? =Tell Hayal

E2 Entsakisar M. L mountains S Deveboynupeninsula Honigmann 1935, 29; T. Sinclair

B1 Eriza RL Erzincan, old town Sinclair 1989, 426-30E2 Eski Hizan R?L Mitford 1986A1 Euphrates fl. See Map 93

H4 Fakhrikah CHR settlement and tomb IRN Huff 1971; Kroll 2000, MB 18-20E3 Fesh-Khabur/

Peroz-Shapur?R?L/L

IRQ Dillemann 1962, 161

F4 Gali Zardak R IRQ Boehmer 1981

8/13/2019 BATL089_

7/24

1274 MAP 89 ARMENIA


B3 Ganaba Theganaba?

LR

Cimdin Kale Dussaud 1927, 494; T. SinclairFeissel 1989, 544

Garine? = Koriaia?D3 Gaugalion M. L S part of Tur Abdin Palmer 1990, 74, 115-16, 146; T. SinclairF4 Gaugamela ACHR perhaps Tell Gomel IRQ Dillemann 1962, 97, 161

G2 Gavur Qal'eh CH 14 miles SW Khoy IRN Kleiss 1978a, 34-36, 63H2 Gavur Qal'eh ACH E Djulfa IRN Kleiss 1976a, 108-13, 118-23H3 Gavur Qal'eh CH Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1978a, 47-48, 66G2 Gazrik L near Cariq village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 13H3 Girdagun CH S Ain-i Rum IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 3D2 Glak, Mon. L engelli Thierry 1983, 398-405E3 Glale L near Dadar Fiey 1977, 215-16; Sinclair 1989a, 337, 380

Gobdi = ChauonH2 Gol tepe CH near Alamdar village IRN Kroll 1984, 32E3 Gordyene/

CorduenaHRL/L

Bohtan district Hbschmann 1904, 333-34; RE Gordyene

E4 Grai Darki HR? IRQ Curtis 1987B2 Gumathene L district of Abarne Dillemann 1962, 103-104, 110, 126

[Guzana] =Tell HalafD1 Gymnias/

Daranissa/Datamisa

C/R/L

Pasinler, formerlyHasankale

RE; Manandian 1965, 91, 98;Sinclair 1989, 226-32, 525

G1 Hajestan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290-96G2 Haftavan tepe ACHL S Salmas IRN Burney 1973D3 Hah L Antl, formerly Hah Sinclair 1989a, 241-46, 372, 377-79H3 Hajji Firuz tepe RL SE Hasanlu IRN Voigt 1976, 59H2 Halaqu Qal'eh CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 18H2 Halaqu tepe CH IRN Kroll 1984, 24-28F1 Hariza/

Chasira?RL/R

Aruch, near Misun Ptol. 5.12.5; Manandian 1965, 91, 94-95;T. Sinclair

H4 Hasanabad tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 15H3 Hasanlu tepe ACH IRN Dyson 1989G2 Hassan Khan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1978a, 52, 70G1 Hassar Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290, 301

Hassis = Haza

Hatsiun = CatispiB1 Haza/

HassisRL near Balahor ItAnt 183.4; ItMiller 676; T. Mitford

D3 Hiaspis L Yarba, formerly Isfis /Hespist

Palmer 1990, 4

D4 Hirmas/ Mygdon(ios) fl.

R?L/L

Jaghjagh SYR / TKY RE Mygdonius 1; Dillemann 1962, 53

E3 Hlahlah, Mon. L at Lower Dera Fiey 1977, 197-99;Sinclair 1989a, 333-34, 380

(H)Oraba? = ShadikanniHoronon? = Darucinte

C3 Horren/ Lorne

L/L

Qal'at el-Mer'a at Horrin /Glhorrin

Dillemann 1962, 24-26, 157; T. Sinclair

B2 Hkani L? signal station Mitford 1980, 917

Ichnae? =Tell al-SaddeC3 Idriphthon L Hisarkaya, formerly KaleBozrea?

Honigmann 1935, 13, 35;Sinclair 1989a, 312-13

G1 Ilan Qarra CH near Hassar village IRN Kleiss 1979a, 206-209, 241Illyrisos = (E)Legerda

E1 Indua L at or near Hamur? Manandian 1965, 103; T. SinclairIngila = *Arkathiokerta

B2 Ingilene RL district N Ad Tygrem andbeneath Taurus Mts.

Garsoian 1989, 440-41

*Inzieta? = ZiataC3 Iohannes Urtius, Mon. L just N Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74-75, 83

8/13/2019 BATL089_

8/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1275


B3 Iouliopolis? Heba?

RL

ruins near Taraksu Mitford 1980, 924; French 1983, 77-79, 81ItMiller 684; T. Sinclair

C1 *Ioustiniane L 3 m. p. W Bizana; nearVican

Procop.,Aed. 3.5.15; Sinclair 1989, 274

Ioustinianopolis = Maipa

G3 Ismail Agha Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1977, 64-68, 98-109E1 Isumbo/ Patansana/Zombis

L/L/L

Patnos? Dillemann 1962, 162; Sinclair 1996, VII.3;T. Sinclair

C3 Izala/ Masius M.

L/HR

massif from Karaca DaEto R. Tigris

RE; Palmer 1990, 8, 109(n. 189)

G1 Jarabad tepe CH E Disaj IRN Kroll 2000, UR 78

G2 Kafir Qal'eh C W Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 17[Kahat] =Tell Barri

E3 Kamul, Mon. L W Dadar Fiey 1970, 106; 1977, 199-200*Kapauta Limne =

Matiane LimneKapros? fl. = Zabas

Mikros fl.Kaputa = ChauonKarcharoman = Charcha

D3 Kardouchoi CHRL inhabitants of Bohtandistrict

RE

C1 Karenitis HR Erzurum plain REH3 Kargan tepe CH near Hassan village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 134C4 Kaukab M.

Kakkabu M.AL Kaukab M. SYR Khne 1980

D3 Kentrites/ Tigris/Zirmas fl.

C/R/L

Bohtan Su Pliny,NH6.127-28; RE;Honigmann 1935, 23; T. Sinclair

Kepha(s) = (Ris)Kepha(s)B2 Kerefto R?L? Mitford 1998, 259G1 Keshmesh CH IRN Kleiss 1975, 60-62; Kroll 2000, MK 10B1 Khakh L Hah Garsoian 1989, 502

E4 Kharaib Mahlabiya L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 63, 67 (site 127)G2 Khezerlu Qal'eh CH W Siahcheshme IRN Kleiss 1976, 20-24; Kroll 2000, MK 31E4 Khirbet Deir Situn HR? IRQ Curtis 1987E4 Khirbet Qasrij A?C IRQ Killick 1985, 236-37H2 Khoy Qiz Qal'eh HR N Khoy IRN Kleiss 1974, 80-82; Kroll 2000, KH 1

Kish = *AphoumonC2 Kitharizon L Yeni Ky Howard-Johnston 1989C3 Korde L Kurdis Dillemann 1962, 228B1 Koriaia?/

Garine?R/L

E half of Dersim GCyp 961G; RE; T. Sinclair

B2 Korra/ Corvilu

R/L

at SE corner of Hazar Gl Ptol. 5.12.8; ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair

G2 Kotor(odz) L above Qotur village IRN Berkian 1976, 164-66H3 Kuh-i Chorblach HRL SE Haidarabad IRN Kleiss 1973, 29-30; Kroll 2000, NQ 59

Legerda = (E)LegerdaLeontopolis = BizanaE3 Lesser Khabur R. IRQ / TKYH2 Livar Qal'eh L IRN Kleiss 1977a, 54-57, 84-98

Lorne = HorrenC1 Lucus Basaro

BressosL Tercan? Manandian 1965, 91, 100

Hewsen 1992, 333; T. SinclairH3 Lumbad Qal'eh ACHRL SE Urmia IRN Kleiss 1979, 190-94, 228-30

Lykos? fl. = Zabas Megasfl.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

9/24

1276 MAP 89 ARMENIA


C3 Mac(h)arta/ Tiberioupolis/Monokarton

Manacarta

L/L/L

Kzltepe Honigmann 1935, 24;Dillemann 1962, 109, 165

D2 Maipa/

Martyropolis/Ioustinianopolis

R/

L/L

Silvan RE; Honigmann 1935, 17;

Sinclair 1989a, 287-91; Hewsen 1992, 335

H2 Malejin CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 22C3 Mambouta/

MambrathonR/L

emrah Kalesi Dillemann 1962, 161-62; T. Sinclair

D2 Mambre? L Boat Garsoian 1989, 477C3 Mar Abay L above Dere i, formerly

Qillith / KlltPalmer 1990, 21-24

D3 Mar Abrohom L Sinclair 1989a, 349-50, 379-80D3 Mar Awgin L Mor Awgin / Mar Augen Fiey 1977, 134-41D3 Mar Bassos, Shushan L at Hidil Sinclair 1989a, 330F4 Mar Matta L IRQ Fiey 1965 III, 20, 32D3 Mar Melki L Sinclair 1989a, 325-26D3 Mar Samuel, Simeon L Mar Gabriel Sinclair 1989a, 252-28

Mar Shushan = Mar BassosMar Simeon = Mar Samuel

D3 Mar Yohannon L Sinclair 1989a, 348-49, 351, 379-80D2 Marathken M. L Taurus Mts. between Bitlis

pass and vale of Kulp?GCyp 947G; T. Sinclair

C3 Marde/ Margdis

RL/L

Mardin RE; Honigmann 1935, 12

F1 Mardoi? RL in plains of Saray; and indistrict of upper Kara Suto N?

Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 167)

Margdis = MardeMartyropolis = MaipaMasius M. = Izala M.

H3 Matiane/ *Kapauta Limne

Magriane Limne

R/RCHRL

L. Urmia IRN RE; RE Matiane, col. 2198

H4 Matiane CR between Lake Urmia and

Iasonius M.

RE

C3 Matzaron Massaron

LL

Maserte GCyp 931H; Honigmann 1935, 36;Dillemann 1962, 230; T. Sinclair

Maximianopolis =Antiochia Arabis

H2 Media Atropatene Media Minor

HRL/L

between L. Urmia and R.Aras

RE

C3 Meiacarire/ *Aquae Frigidae

L/L

Khan Sheikhan RE; Dillemann 1962, 49, 157-58

D3 Melabason M. L district of Beiri Honigmann 1935, 17-18; T. SinclairB1 Mertikerton L Mazgirt Howard-Johnston 1989, 223, 227 (n. 27)

Mespila? =MosulB3 Mesopotamia ACHRL includes Osrhoene REB2 Metita RL near Tillo Mitford 1998, 259D3 Mindon L few miles E Midun Palmer 1990, 5 (n. 7)

H4 Mohammad Shah tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 63F2 Molchia L Amik Sinclair 1996, VII.3.Monokarton = Mac(h)arta

H2 Mor(o)unda CHRL Marand IRN RE Marundai 2; Kroll 2000, MD 1F4 Mosul/

Mespila?R?L/C

IRQ Oates 1968, 60-61; EncIs

E2 Moxoena L upper valley of Bohtan Suand districts of Hizan andMks

RE

E4 Musaifna L IRQ Killick 1983, 217B1 *Mouzoura L Ovack plain TIB Kappadokien 242-43;

Garsoian 1989, 482; T. Sinclair

8/13/2019 BATL089_

10/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1277


Mygdon(ios) fl. = Hirmasfl.

C4 Mygdonia HRL district of Nisibis RE 5

C3 Nabaris/

Navarra

R/

L

near crossing of Ambar

ay

Sinclair 1996, VII.2

H4 Naqadeh tepe L IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 43Navarra = Nabaris

H1 Naxouana R Nakhchevan ARM Hewsen 1992, 333 (n. 51)D2 Nicephorion fl. H?R Garzan Su Pliny,NH6.129F4 Nineveh/

NinosACHRL Kuyunjik IRQ RE; Oates 1968, 30

E2 Niphates M. HRL Taurus massif, S Lake Van Syme 1995, 29-34; T. SinclairD3 Nisibis/

AntiochiaHRL/HRL

Nusaybin SYR / TKY RE; Garsoian 1989, 479

F4 Nodh-Ardashirakan Norshirakan

RL IRQ Morony 1982, 10

G2 Nuarsak? L Shurik village IRN Manandian 1965, 113E2 Nymphaeum R near spring of BaBulak Pliny,NH6.128; Thierry 1972, 148-49;

Sinclair 1996, VII.3Nymphios fl. = Parthenias

fl.

H1 Oghlu Qal'eh AC near Qurshaqlu IRN Kleiss 1972, 60-64; Kroll 2000, MK 53Oraba? = Shadikanni

H3 Ormi/ [Urmia]

L/L?

Urumiyeh IRN Schwarz 1969, 1103-1108

Ospa = ThospiaB3 Osrhoene SYR / TKY See Map 67

B1 Paline L district of lower Peri Su GCyp 962aG; T. SinclairB1 Palios L Ban GCyp 956GG1 Paracata L Bulakba, sometimes

Babulak ARMManandian 1965, 91, 93-94;

Sinclair 1987, 407-10H1 Parakan ARM See Map 90D3 Parthenias/

Nymphios fl.

R/

L

Batman Su RE Tigris 1, cols. 1012-13

Patansana = IsumboPeroz-Shapur? =

Fesh-KhaburPhaenica = Pinaka

D1 Phasiane/ Bassiane

R/L

Pasinler and Kars plains Honigmann 1935, 21;Garsoian 1989, 454, 499-500; T. Sinclair

D1 Phasioi C on Basean plain, andprobably in upper R.Aras basin

Hewsen 1983, 131

D1 Phasis fl. C upper reaches of R. Aras Hewsen 1983, 128-32C2 Pheison L Dakyanus Kale RE; Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375E2 Phora/

Phlorianon?R/L

Por GCyp 941H; Honigmann 1935, 31, 37;Hewsen 1992, 335; T. Sinclair

E3 Pinaka/

Phaenica

H/

L

Eski Yap, formerly Fenek Dillemann 1962, 219;

Sinclair 1989a, 333, 359

H3 Qalat CL Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1977a, 72-76H3 Qalateh Qal'eh CH? E Ain-i Rum IRN Kleiss 1978, 17-18; Kroll 2000, NQ 5H3 Qalatgah ACH near Cheshme Gol IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 28G2 Qara tepe CHL N Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 3H2 Qara Zia Eddin tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, KH 25E4 Qasr Serij L IRQ Simpson 1994G2 Qiz Chakhlu HR SE Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1974, 101-102; Kroll 2000, MK 34G2 Qotur Qal'eh AC 2 miles E Qotur IRN Kroll 2000, KH 15

H3 Rashgund AC IRN Kroll 2000, UR 113

8/13/2019 BATL089_

11/24

1278 MAP 89 ARMENIA


H4 Rasuh tepe RL near Pazveh IRN Kroll 2000, PR 1E3 Rehimena RL plain to S Cudi Da Hoffmann 1880, 190; T. SinclairC4 Resaina/

TheodosiopolisACHRL/L

Tell Fakhariya near Rasal-Ain SYR

Dillemann 1962, 107, 224-26

D3 Rhabdion L Hatem Tai Kale Sinclair 1989a, 350-51;

Palmer 1990, 4-7, 151-52D3 (Ris)Kepha(s) L Hasankeyf GCyp 913H; Honigmann 1935, 12, 35;Sinclair 1989a, 232-39, 370, 373-75

D3 Romaion Agros L on plain beneath Rhabdion Honigmann 1935, 12

Sagouana = BagaunaB4 Sahal L E Carrhae Astour 1993, 113

[Sahlala] =Tell SahlanD4 Saibakh R?L? SYR Oates 1990, 229-31G2 Sal(a)mas L Salmas IRN Schwarz 1969, 1108-11B1 Salmalasso L Gelenge Bryer 1985 I, 34-35G2 Salmas L rock-relief SE Salmas IRN Hinz 1965C3 Sammachi L at crossing of

Shammerkh aySinclair 1996, VII.2

D2 *Samocharta L Semrah tepe GCyp 944H; Honigmann 1935, 24, 32, 37;T. Sinclair

C2 Sanasounitai L inhabitants of Sasun GCyp 947GG1 Sangar Qal'eh CH E Maku IRN Kleiss 1968, 3-13; Kroll 2000, MK 4D3 Sapha/

Thilsaphata?RL?/L

Bbil Poidebard 1934, 159-60; Sinclair 1989a, 372;T. Sinclair

C2 Saphchai L eper Honigmann 1935, 18;Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375

D3 Sarbane/ Sisara

Sisauranon

L/L

Sirvan Poidebard 1934, 159; RE

C3 Sardeoua/ Sardebar

R/L

Kale-i Zerzevan Sinclair 1996, VII.2

E3 Sareisa R rnak? Dillemann 1962, 111D3 Sargathon L Sercihan Poidebard 1934, 147B1 Satala RL Sadak RE; Lightfoot 1998E3 Satalka/

Thamanon

HR/

L

alayan, formerly ah RE, ;

Sinclair 1989a, 335-37, 433C3 Sauras L Savur REE4 Seh Gubba RL IRQ Ball 1987, 246C4 Shadikanni/

Ar(a)ban/(H)Oraba?/*Castellum Arabum

A?C/RL/R?L/R

Tell Ajaja West SYR Rllig 1977, 125 ; Mahmoud 1988;Dodgeon 1991, 344-45

Shahrabadh = BaladH1 Shalat ARM See Map 90G1 Shawarshan L Maku IRN Eremyan 1961, 64-65H4 Sheytanabad

BardakunteSaukand

CHR N Mahabad IRN Kleiss 1973, 36-38; Kroll 2000, MB 4

D3 Shilloh L Salah Bell 1982, 147-48H3 Shno L Ushnu IRN Eremyan 1961, 38, 74

D2 Shukaraba L Zok Sinclair 1996, VIII.3G1 Siah Qal'eh CHR W Pol-i Dasht IRN Kleiss 1973a, 183-86; Kroll 2000, MK 5Siai = Si(t)ai

C1 Sinara L Akale Manandian 1965, 91, 99; T. SinclairD4 Singara

Digeren? Sirgora?

RLLL

Balad Sinjar IRQ REDillemann 1962, 140Dillemann 1962, 136

D4 Singaras M. RL Sinjar Mt. IRQ REC3 Siphrios R?L Rabat Kalesi Honigmann 1935, 9, 13, 35;

Sinclair 1989a, 227-30G3 Siraganon L Sharekand Hewsen 1988, 302

Sisara = Sarbane

8/13/2019 BATL089_

12/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1279


C3 Si(t)ai/ Siteon Chiphas

RL/L

Ziyaret tepe GCyp 933H; RE; Honigmann 1935, 36;Sinclair 1996, VII.2

H1 Siwnik ARM See Map 90C2 Sophanene L upper R. Tigris basin

immediately W Batman

Su

Garsoian 1989, 457

B2 Sophene Sophanene

AHRL Dersim, W LowerEuphrates valley and Whalf of upper Tigris basin

RE Sophene, cols. 1015-17;Garsoian 1989, 457-58

G3 Sormanabad tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, UR 124G1 Surb Tadeos L Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1967

Syria = (As)Syria

[Tabite] =Tell Taban[Ta'idu]? =Tell Hamidi

H2 Taj ed-Din Qal'eh AC 17 miles SSE Khoy IRN Kleiss 1979, 203-206, 235-41D2 Tarauna

*TaraunitesL plain of Mu Hbschmann 1904, 325; RE Taron

Tareina? = DarucinteE3 Taronitis R Hazil Su basin Hewsen 1985, 57, 58H2 Tasuk L Tasuj village IRN Hbschmann 1904, 473; Kroll 1984, 34C2 Taurus M. See Map 66E4 Tel Afar/

Ad Pontem?ACHRL/L

IRQ ItMiller 772; Oates 1968, 79-80

D2 Teleboas? fl. CL Kara Su RE 3E4 Tell Abu Dhahir AC?HRL

?IRQ Ball 1987, 234

E4 Tell Abu Marya/[Apqu]

AC?H?RL/A

IRQ Oates 1968, 54-55; RLAss Apqu

E4 Tell Abu Wajnam A?C?H?R?L

IRQ Oates 1968, 77

D4 Tell Ahmar AC SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 45E4 Tell Ahmed Agha Kabir H?R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 222)F4 Tell al-Baye'a L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 59 (site 98)E4 Tell al-Hawa HR?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34

B4 Tell al-Sadde/Ichnae?

HRL/R

SYR Gerritsen 1996, site BS93

D4 Tell Arbid AC?HR SYR Dillemann 1962, 70, 174; Bielinski 1997C4 Tell Aswad Takhtani RL? SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 29D4 Tell Barri/

[Kahat]ACHR/A

SYR Khne 1980; Meijer 1986, 31 (site 289)

C4 Tell Beidar ACH SYR Lebeau 1997C4 Tell Bezari AC?H?R

L?SYR Oates 1990, 238-39

D4 Tell Brak AR?L? SYR Oates 1990, 227-29E4 Tell Deir Situn L IRQ Curtis 1997D4 Tell Farfara AC?H?R

L?SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 210)

E4 Tell Hadhail IRQ See Map 91C4 Tell Halaf/

[Guzana] Gauzanitis? Gizama

AC/

A?H?RH?R

SYR RLAss Halaf

Dillemann 1962, 146Dillemann 1962, 146

D4 Tell Hamidi/[Ta'idu]?

AC?H?R/A?C

SYR Eichler 1990

B4 Tell Hammam al-Turkmen HR SYR T. FeyterC4 Tell Hassake A?C?H?

R?L?SYR Khne 1978, 185

E4 Tell Hassu R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 223)

8/13/2019 BATL089_

13/24

1280 MAP 89 ARMENIA


D4 Tell Hayal/Eleia?/Alaina?

Hileia?

R?L IRQ ItMiller 779, 782; Oates 1968, 78-79;Ibrahim 1986, 77 (site 238)

E4 Tell Hugna H?R?L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site 210)

E4 Tell Ibra/Vicat? H?R/R?L IRQ Oates 1968, 79-80; Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site209)E4 Tell Jikan HRL IRQ Killick 1985, 231-32C4 Tell Majdal AC?H?R

LSYR Dillemann 1962, 108; Lyonnet 1996, site 42

E4 Tell Mohammed Arab HL IRQ Roaf 1984D4 Tell Muhammad Kabir HR SYR Meijer 1986, 26 (site 231b)D4 Tell Qarasa AC?HRL SYR Meijer 1986, 14 (site 98)A4 Tell Sahlan/

[Sahlala]/Commisimbela?

HRL/A/R

SYR Astour 1993, 113; Gerritsen 1996, siteBS246-47; T. Feyter

D4 Tell Sharisi RL SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 205)C4 Tell Taban/

[Tabite]/Thebet(h)a?

Thubida?

AC?HRL/L?/RL

SYR Rllig 1977

C4 Tell Tawila R?L IRQ Lyonnet 1996, site 10E4 Tell Uwaynat R?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34D4 Tell Zanatri RL? SYR Oates 1990, 231

Tella = Antiochia ArabisG1 Teroua? R Dariunk' / Doubayazt Garsoian 1989, 459-60

Thalbasaris = ThelbalaneThamanon = Satalka

C4 Thannuris Thannourios

R?L Tell Tuneinir SYR Dillemann 1962, 176-77; Fuller 1994

D1 Tharsidarate L Ezirmik? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. SinclairThebet(h)a? =Tell Taban

D3 Thelbalane/ Thalbasaris

R/L

Tilmis or (less likely)Barsil

Sinclair 1996, VII.2

Theodosiopolis =Autisparate

Theodosiopolis = ResainaC3 *Thibitha/

Thilbisine Banasymeon? Bismideon Mnasoubion?

L/L

Tel Beme RE; Dillemann 1962, 109

Thiloson Kome = TilThilsaphata? = Sapha

F2 Thospia/ Bouana/Ospa

Thospitis

CR/R/L

Van GeogRav 2.10; Garsoian 1989, 499;R.H. Hewsen; T. Sinclair

E2 Thospitis Limne Thespites L.

HRR

L. Van REPliny,NH6.128; T. Sinclair

Tiberioupolis = Mac(h)arta

D3 Tigranocerta/ Cholimma/Chlomaron

HRL/R/L

medieval city site of Arzan Markwart 1930, 341-42; Sinclair 1994;Sinclair 1996, VIII.3

Tigris fl. = Kentrites fl.C2 /F4

Tigris/Diglitus fl.

See Map 93

B1 Til/ Thiloson Kome

RL/L

Til Garsoian 1989, 495; Kettenhofen 1989, 72;T. Sinclair

D3 Tili RL attepe, formerly Tili Lightfoot 1986B1 Tordan RL Doan Ky, formerly

TordanGarsoian 1989, 496

8/13/2019 BATL089_

14/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1281


G2 Turki tepe L SW Siahchesme IRN Kleiss 1977a, 62-64, 93-98; Kroll 2000, MK32

B1 Tzoumina L hills W southern part of Tercan plain

Hewsen 1992, 18 (n. 81)

[Urmia] = Ormi

F2 Vastauna L near Geva Sinclair 1996, VII.3G1 Verahram Qal'eh CH near Shotlu IRN Kleiss 1974, 82-93; Kroll 2000, MK 7

Vicat? =Tell IbraVirta? = Birthon

F4 Zabas Megas/ Zapatas?/Lykos? fl.

IRQ / TKY See Map 91

H4 Zabas Mikros/ Kapros?/Zerbis? fl.

Heteros Zabas fl.

IRQ See Map 91

Zabdaion Chorion =Bezabde

D3 Zabdicene RL district W R. Tigris and STur Abdin

Hbschmann 1904, 321

Zagurae? =Ain SinuD2 Zanserio L Baykan Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

Zapatas? fl. = Zabas Megasfl.

H2 Zarawand? ACHL Evoghlu Qal'eh IRN Hbschmann 1904, 338;Kleiss 1973a, 186-88

E3 Zarnuqa L at upper Dera Fiey 1977, 94-96; Sinclair 1989a, 333Zerbis? fl. = Zabas Mikros

fl.F1 Zernaki tepe H?R? just N Erci Sinclair 1987, 281-82, 314-15C2 Ziata/

*Inzieta?L Amini Kale Honigmann 1935, 35; Dillemann 1962, 155;

Sinclair 1989a, 269-70, 371G2 Zingir Qal'eh CH near Tamar village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 10

H4 Zir tepe L near Latch village IRN Kroll 2000, MB 8Zirmas fl. = Kentrites fl.

E2 Zoaranda R Gindirans Pliny,NH6.128; T. SinclairG1 *Zolocerta/

Coloceia Zotozeta Zogokara

L/L

olakert Manandian 1965, 91, 94;Sinclair 1987, 407-408

Zombis = Isumbo

Bridges

Grid Location Period Reference

B1 E Ani R?L? Mitford 1998, 267; T. MitfordC2 Dabanas R Sinclair 1989a, 267-69C3 Ad Tygrem, below Diyarbakr on R. Tigris L Palmer 1990, 12, 116

8/13/2019 BATL089_

15/24

1282 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

SatalaW RL Mitford 1998, 266Satala Eriza Ani RL French 1983, 84; Mitford 1998, 266-67Satala HazaMap 87 RL Sinclair 1989, 327

Satala Lucus Basaro Bagauna Artaxata RL Manandian 1965, 91-100; T. SinclairColchis Arsinia Ad Tygrem RL ItMiller 739; T. SinclairChorsabia Euphrates RL? Mitford 1998, 267Euphrates gorge via Barsalium RL Mitford 1998, 259-60Network between Ad Tygrem, Tigranocerta and Charcha RL Sinclair 1996, VII.2TigranocertaDauduana Artemita Isumbo

BagaunaRL Sinclair 1996, VII.3

Ad Tygrem Sardebar Nisibis RL ItMiller 740-41; Sinclair 1996, VII.4BarbareNisibis Ad fl. Tigrim RL Poidebard 1934, 158-63; Dillemann 1962, 171-73Ad fl. Tigrim NW R Algaze 1991, 190Ammodios S RL ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173Nisibis S RL ItMiller 770-71Zagurae? SE RL ItMiller 779

Unlocated Toponyms

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ad Dracones = DagonaAd Tigrim /Ad flumen Tigrem

L Mosul? IRQ ItMiller 772; Dillemann 1962, 141, 167 andfig. XII

Akraba H?R S Carrhae? SYR Ptol. 5.17.7Aladin = AuladisAlaleisos L in Izala massif, between Karaca

Daand Bohtan districtHonigmann 1935, 26

Alexandria R in Adiabene / Mygdonia Pliny,NH6.42; RE 14Amostae L W Singara IRQ / SYR ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185Anaeticus L. R in Erzincan plain? RE Anatica regio

Anisena L in upper Mesopotamia? Hoffmann 1880, 229Anteba L on ArtaxataGobdiroad, twostations before the latter

ItMiller 748, 781

Apadna L near Ad Tygrem Dillemann 1962, 159, 239*Arabessa L S Autisparate Adontz 1970, 19-20Araborum, Mon. L between Viranehir and Tel

BemeDillemann 1962, 77

Armeniae Pylae RL pass in Armenia, at Tomisa? orErgani pass?

Syme 1995, 39-45

At(o)uria H?RL Nineveh region IRQ RE Aturia; Morony 1982, 10Athraelon L Mac(h)arta vicinity? Honigmann 1935, 22

Audasson L near Ad Tygrem? Honigmann 1935, 35Auladis/Aladin

R/L

near Carrhae? Ptol. 5.17.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 82Dillemann 1962, 181-83

Ayli = EliAzara R Idr? RE 1Azoni R tribe E Gaugamela near

Zerbis? fl. IRQPliny 6.118

Baba L ItMiller 771; Dillemann 1962, 137, 141Babyrsa R near Artaxata REBallatha H?R NE Carrhae? TKY Ptol. 5.17.7Banasam L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.6Barzan L AZE? Hoffmann 1880, 265Basilisene R Ptol. 5.12.6Batitas L W Singara IRQ / SYR Dillemann 1962, 137, 141

8/13/2019 BATL089_

16/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1283


Baxala H?R W Singara SYR Ptol. 5.17.7Bebasa/Bibas(ara)

L W Dara SYR / TKY Dillemann 1962, 290

Belkania R Ptol. 5.12.8; Hewsen 1982, 135Belkiana H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3

Bessara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Bethallaha L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.35Betooun H?R on or near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 5.17.6Bibas(ara) = BebasaBidamas/Vidamas

L near Resaina SYR / TKY RE

Biddon L on Melabason M., in NE TurAbdin

Honigmann 1935, 17-18

Bimisdeon L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop.,Aed.2.6.14Birthaba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Birthachabraes L Honigmann 1935, 36Bubalia L ItMiller 682Busan L S Ad Tygrem, in hill district? Dillemann 1962, 157

Caini L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.34

Castra Maurorum L AmmMarc 18.6.9; 25.7.9;Dillemann 1962, 212-214Chalkitis H?R Ptol. 5.17.4Chazene H?RL Haza district? IRQ REChoathras M. H?R Ptol. 6.1.1Chordiraza H?R town of Mygdonians SYR / TKY REChouddon L in Siphrios district? Honigmann 1935, 35Cunissa R?L W Satala ItMiller 676

Dabanas/Davana

L Ain al-Arus? RE Dabana 2AmmMarc 23.3.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 88

(n. 62)Dagona/Ad Dracones

RL? W Satala, close to the summit ofimen Daglari?

Ptol. 5.6.20; ItMiller 676, 682; T.B. Mitford

Daphnoudin L in Arzanene Honigmann 1935, 31, 37

Darna H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Dausaron L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop.,Aed.2.6.14; Dillemann 1962, 109Davana = DabanasDeba H?R on or near Tigris between Sapha

and Singara IRQPtol. 5.17.6

Degia H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Demetrias H?RL near Arbela IRQ RE 4Diospage R E Tigris IRQ REDolba H?RL in Adiabene IRQ REDosa H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Duodecimum L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.34

Eisone H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Elegea R where Euphrates breaks through

Taurus, 10 m.p. below MeliteneRE Elegeia 2

Endielon L days march from Ad Tygrem Procop.,Bell.1.7.5

Filadelfia L on GobdiEcbatana road, firststation after Gobdi; Shahpur?

ItMiller 781

Fons Scabore L Dillemann 1962, 177

Gomara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Gorgos fl. H?R perhaps Lesser Zab? IRQ Ptol. 6.1.7

Hadia L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185Haris RL? W Satala ItMiller 682Haste L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185

8/13/2019 BATL089_

17/24

1284 MAP 89 ARMENIA


Hibita L possibly Thebet(h)a? SYR Dillemann 1962, 167 (n. 3)

Inigene = (T)Inigene

Kadisenoi RL people between Singara and Tell

Taban SYR

Dillemann 1962, 97 (n. 8)

Kalonos L Honigmann 1935, 37Kardouchoi R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5Komopolis H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Korkoura H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4

Magdalathon L R. Khabur and Jaghjagh region;Tell Majdal?

RE

Magrus L on S Carrhae Singara road,between Haste and Amostae

ItMiller 779; Khne 1980, 57-58;Oates 1990, 239-40

*Magustana =Matoustana

Malioi H?R tribe near Euphrates Strabo 16.1.27Mannouorra/

Manneotai

R/

L

Dillemann 1962, 168-69, 177-79

Maratha L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.33Marde H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Mareptikon Klima L in Van region? Honigmann 1935, 21; Adontz 1970, 11Margasoi R E Matianae Limne? Ptol. 6.2.5; REMartiana R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5Matoustana/*Magustana

R possibly Shawarshan Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 168), 334

Maurikiopolis L 7 stades from Maipa Honigmann 1935, 27

Nasabi L on ArtaxataGobdi road,immediately before the latter

ItMiller 748, 781

Nazada R in N Media IRN Ptol. 6.2.11Nibaros M. HR in Armenia; conceivably phan

DaStrabo 11.14.14

Nikatorion M. CHR near Arbela Strabo 16.1.4

Obana H?R Ptol. 6.1.4Obarene R S upper Euphrates? Ptol. 5.12.4Obbane L Procop.,Bell.2.12.4Odomantis H W Sophene? Hewsen 1985, 58, 73Olane R near Artaxata Garsoian 1989, 485Oroba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Orontes R tribe E Gaugamela IRQ Pliny,NH6.118; RE 3Orroei Arabi R tribe W Tigris Pliny,NH6.25; 6.117; 6.129; RE OsroeneOrthaga/Orgatha

H?R near Carrhae and Eleia SYR /TKY

Ptol. 5.17.7; RE

Oruros HR Roman border in Pompeys time Pliny,NH6.120; Dillemann 1962, 171; RE

Phathachon L in Izala M. massif between

Karaca Daand Bohtan district

Adontz 1970, 13

Phichas/Philas

L near Resaina Procop.,Bell.1.19.35; 2.6.14;Dillemann 1962, 108

Phirthachabraes L GCyp 932GPhousiana H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Praetavi R tribe near Singara IRQ Pliny,NH5.86

Rasin/Rhasios

L in Osrhoene, probably towardsAd Tygrem

Honigmann 1935, 13

Reman L in Raman Da, S Ad Tygrem? Dillemann 1962, 157Rene L between Resaina and Ma(c)harta;

Tell Arade?ItMiller 770; Dillemann 1962,165

8/13/2019 BATL089_

18/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1285


Rhandeia R Arsamosata vicinity, probablyN Arsanias fl.

Adontz 1970, 31

Rhasios = RasinRipaltha L in upper Mesopotamia Dillemann 1962, 231-32Roschirea/

Vesceria

L ItMiller 778; Dillemann 1962, 185

S. Iohannis, Mon. L near Korde Dillemann 1962, 32Sadrakai CHR S Arbela Strabo 16.1.4Sakada H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Sarbena H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Sarmathes L Procop.,Aed.5.9.32; Dillemann 1962, 108, 125Sauara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Selgia R possibly Siirt? Hewsen 1982, 35-36Sihinnus L on AmoudaSingara road,

beyond Thilapsum; Tell Zenbil?ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173-4

Silices R tribe in mountains E Gaugamela Pliny,NH6.118Sinas/Sina Iudaeorum/Sinna

L/L/RL

in Osrhoene, probably near AdTygrem

Honigmann 1935, 13; RE Sinna

Sinervas RL? near Carsa(g)is ItMiller 676-77Sinnaka H near Carrhae RESisila/Sissilisson Phrourion/Ziziola?

RL? W or S Satala ItMiller 676

Sitrae R tribe E Gaugamela Pliny,NH6.118Sorvae/Zourzoua

L/R

on ArtaxataGobdi road, afterCatispi; Tsortsor?

ItMiller 748, 781

Sosingites L. L Thospitis Limne? not on Tigris in(As)Syria TKY

AmmMarc 23.6.15; Dillemann 1962, 40 (n. 3)

Suae R on cliff near Gaugamela? IRQ Pliny,NH6.118

Tarmel, Mon. L near Dara Dillemann 1962, 32Taska R in upper Tigris basin? Ptol. 5.12.10Terebia R in upper Tigris basin or districts

S Thospitis Limne?

Ptol. 5.12.10

Thallaba L N or W Beberaci L. SYR ItMiller 781; Dillemann 1962, 175Thamaudi L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 136-40Thebeta/Thebitha/Thelia

L between Nisibis and Singara RE Thebeta; Dillemann 1962, 142, 166

Thelda H?R on or near Euphrates SYR / IRQ REThelia = ThebetaThemeres L near Theodosiopolis SYR / TKY Procop.,Aed.2.6.14Thengoubis H?RL Ptol. 5.17.7; RE; Dillemann 1962, 181Thesara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Thilapsum L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173Thillafica L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108, 187Thillazamana/Monithilla

L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108

Thilsaphata L between Nisibis and Hatra Dillemann 1962, 308 (n. 2), 311-12Thiolla L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop.,Aed.2.6.14Thospia R in region of Arsanias fl.,

downstream of plain of MuPtol. 5.12.8

Thubida L between Thallaba and Beberaci L. ItMiller 781; RE; Dillemann 1962, 176(T)Inigene H?R below Gauzanitis SYR Ptol. 5.17.4Tirittha H?R Ptol. 5.17.7Trispeda L on GobdiEcbatana road,

second station after Gobdi;Ormi?

ItMiller 781

Tzinobia L near Ad Tygrem or Arsinia? Honigmann 1935, 35

8/13/2019 BATL089_

19/24

1286 MAP 89 ARMENIA


Ur L Dillemann 1962, 171

Vesceria = RoschireaVolandum R near Artaxata; Olane? RE

Zama H?R Ptol. 5.17.7Zamarthas L near Resaina Procop.,Aed.2.6.14Zigira H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Zorbandon L near Maipa Honigmann 1935, 25Zuqnin, Mon. L near Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74, 83

False Toponyms

Name Period Reference Comment

Armenochalybes H Magie 1950, 1069 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

Baris M. H Jos.,AJ1.93-95; cf. RE 8 Cudi Da; name misunderstood?

Karkathiokerta HR RE EilChalonitis R Syme 1995, 33 false name for settlement near BaBulak;

see NymphaeumChalybes CH Magie 1950, 1069, 1213 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

(Klima) Makrabandon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of Ar; false for *BagravandonMazara R?L? ItMiller 739; T.Sinclair false as station on MeliteneAd Tygrem

road

Phaunitis H Hewsen 1992, 147 Siunik? (*Saunitis?)

Spauta L. RL REta Matiane Limne; false for *Kapauta

(Klima) Tarannon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of MuTourandios L GCyp 914G; T.Sinclair probably from Turhabdios

Tourhabdios L Honigmann 1935, 25, 35 false for Rhabdion

Xerxene HR RE plain of Tercan; false for Derzene

Bibliography

Adontz 1970N. Adontz,Armenia in the period of Justinian,translated and annotated by N.G. Garsoian, Louvain,1970.

Algaze 1989G. Algaze, A new frontier: first results of theTigris-Euphrates archaeological reconnaissanceproject, 1988,JNES48 (1989) 241-81.

Algaze 1991G. Algaze et al., The Tigris-Euphratesarchaeological reconnaissance project: a preliminaryreport of the 1989-1990 seasons,Anatolica17(1991) 175-240.

Astour 1993M.C. Astour, review of Eichler 1990, JAOS113(1993) 112-15.

Ball 1987

W. Ball and J. Black, Excavations in Iraq,1985-1986,Iraq49 (1987) 231-51.

Bell 1982G. Bell,The churches and monasteries of the Tur

Abdin, introduction and notes by M.M. Mango,London, 1982.

Berkian 1976A.I. Berkian,Armenischer Wehrbau im Mittelalter,Darmstadt, 1976.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

20/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1287

Bielinski 1997P. Bielinski, Preliminary report on the first seasonof Syro-Polish excavations on Tell Arbid, inM. Gawlikowski and W.A. Daszewski,Polish

Archaeology in the Mediterranean VIII. Reports1996, pp. 203-11, Warsaw, 1997.

Boehmer 1973R.M. Boehmer and H. von Gall, Das Felsrelief beiBatas-Harir,BaghMitt6 (1973) 65-77.

Boehmer 1981R.M. Boehmer, Gali Zerdak,BaghMitt12 (1981)151-64.

Bryer 1985A.A.M. Bryer and D.C. Winfield,The Byzantinemonuments and topography of the Pontos, 2 vols.,Washington DC, 1985.

Burney 1973

C. Burney, Excavations at Haftavan Tepe 1971: thirdpreliminary report,Iran11 (1973) 153-72.

Curtis 1987J.E. Curtis, A.R. Green and W. Knight, Preliminaryreport on the excavations at Tell Deir Situn and GraiDarki,Sumer45 (1987) 49-53.

Curtis 1997J.E. Curtis, The church at Khirbet Deir Situn,

Al-Rafidan18 (1997) 369-85.

Dillemann 1962L. Dillemann,Haute Msopotamie orientale et pays

adjacentes. Contribution la gographie historiquede la rgion, du Ve s. avant l're chrtienne au VIe s.de cette re,BAH 72, Paris, 1962.

Dodgeon 1991M.H. Dodgeon and S. Lieu,The Roman eastern

frontier and the Persian wars AD 226-363.A documentary history, London, 1991.

Drner 1939F.K. Drner and R. Naumann,Forschungen inKommagene, Istanbuler Forschungen 10, Berlin, 1939.

Dussaud 1927

R. Dussaud,Topographie historique de la Syrieantique et mdivale, BAH 4, Paris, 1927.

Dyson 1989R.H. Dyson, Jr., and M. Voigt (eds.),East of Assyria.The highland settlement of Hasanlu, Expedition31.2-3, 1989.

Eichler 1990S. Eichler, M. Wfler and D. Warburton,Tallal-Hamidiya 2, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis SeriesArchaeologica 6, Gttingen, 1990

Eremyan 1961S.T. Eremyan,Hayastan st Ashkharhats 'oyts-i,Erevan, 1961.

Feissel 1989D. Feissel and J. Gascou, Document darchivesromains indits du Moyen Euphrate (IIIe sicle aprsJ.C.),CRAI(1989) 535-61.

Fiey 1965J.M. Fiey,Assyrie chrtienne, 3 vols., Institut deLettres Orientales de Beyrouth ser. 3, OrientChrtien, vols. 22, 23, 42, Beirut, 1965-68.

Fiey 1970J.-M. Fiey,Jalons pour une histoire de lglise en Iraq,

CSCO 310, Louvain, 1970.

Fiey 1977J.-M. Fiey,Nisibe: Mtropole syriaque orientale et sessuffragants des origines nos jours, CSCO 388,Louvain, 1977.

French 1983D. French, New research on the Euphrates frontier:supplementary notes 1 and 2, in S. Mitchell (ed.),

Armies and frontiers in Roman and ByzantineAnatolia. Proceedings of a colloquium held atUniversity College, Swansea in April 1981, BARInternational series 156, pp. 71-101, Oxford, 1983.

Fuller 1994M.J. Fuller and N.B. Fuller, A medieval church inMesopotamia,BiblArch57 (1994) 38-45.

Garsoian 1989N.G. Garsoian (ed. and trans.),The epic Historiesattributed to P'awstos Buzand (BuzandaranPatmut'iwnk'), Cambridge, MA, 1989.

Gawlikowski 1988M. Gawlikowski, La route de lEuphrate dIsidore Julien, in P.-L. Gatier, B. Helly and J.-P. Rey-Coquais (eds.),Gographie historique au Proche-

Orient (Syrie, Phnicie, Arabie, grecques, romaines,byzantines). Actes de la Table Ronde de Valbonne,16-18 septembre 1985, Notes et MonographesTechniques no. 23, CNRS, pp. 77-98, Paris, 1988.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

21/24

1288 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Gerritsen 1996F.A. Gerritsen, The Balikh valley, Syria in theHellenistic and Roman-Parthian age: Anarchaeological study of settlement and land usepatterns, Graduation Essay, Instituut voor Pre- undProtohistorische Archeologie, Faculteit der

Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit vanAmsterdam, 1996.

Hage 1966W. Hage,Die syrisch-jakobitische Kirche in

frhislamischer Zeit. Nach orientalischen Quellen,Wiesbaden, 1966.

Hewsen 1982R.H. Hewsen, Ptolemys chapter on Armenia: aninvestigation of his toponyms,REArmn.s. 16 (1982)111-50.

Hewsen 1983

R.H. Hewsen, Introduction to Armenian historicalgeography II: the boundaries of AchaemenidArmina,REArmn.s. 17 (1983) 123-43.

Hewsen 1985R.H. Hewsen, Introduction to Armenian historicalgeography IV: the boundaries of Artaxiad Armenia,

REArmn.s. 19 (1985) 55-84.

Hewsen 1988R.H. Hewsen, Introduction to Armenian historicalgeography V: theVitaxatesof Arsacid Armenia.A re-examination of the territorial aspects of theinstitution (Part One),REArmn.s. 21 (1988-89)

271-319.Hewsen 1992

R.H. Hewsen (ed.),The geography of Ananias of irak(Axarhac'oyc'). The long and the short recensions,TAVO B 77, Wiesbaden, 1992.

Hinz 1965W. Hinz, Das sassanidische Felsrelief von Salmas,

Iranica Antiqua5 (1965) 148-60.

Hoffmann 1880G. Hoffmann,Auszge aus syrischen Akten persischer

Mrtyrer,Abhandlungen fr die Kunde des

Morgenlandes 7.3, Leipzig, 1880.Honigmann 1935

E. Honigmann,Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischenReiches, Brussels, 1935.

Howard-Johnston 1983J.D. Howard-Johnston, Byzantine Anzitene, inS. Mitchell (ed.),Armies and frontiers in Roman and

Byzantine Anatolia. Proceedings of a colloquium heldat University College, Swansea in April 1981, BARInternational series 156, pp. 239-90, Oxford, 1983.

Howard-Johnston 1989J.D. Howard-Johnston, Procopius, Roman defencesnorth of the Taurus and the new fortress ofCitharizon, in D.H. French and C.S. Lightfoot (eds.),The eastern frontier of the Roman empire.Proceedings of a colloquium held at Ankara inSeptember 1988, 2 vols., BAR International series553(i), pp. 203-29, Oxford, 1989.

Hbschmann 1904H. Hbschmann, Die altarmenischen Ortsnamen,

Indogermanische Forschungen16 (1904) 197-490.

Huff 1971D. Huff, Das Felsengrab von Fakhrikah, IstMitt21(1971) 161-71.

Ibrahim 1986J.K. Ibrahim,Pre-islamic settlement in Jazirah, StateOrganization of Antiquities and Heritage, Baghdad,1986.

Kettenhofen 1989E. Kettenhofen, Toponyme bei Ps.-Pawstos,Handes

Amsorya103 (1989) 65-79.

Killick 1983R.G. Killick and M.D. Roaf, Excavations in Iraq1981-82,Iraq45 (1983) 199-224.

Killick 1985R.G. Killick and J.A. Black, Excavations in Iraq,1983-84,Iraq47 (1985) 215-39.

Kleiss 1967W. Kleiss, Das Kloster des Heiligen Thaddus(Kara Kilise) in Iranisch-Azerbaidjan,IstMitt17(1967) 291-305.

Kleiss 1968W. Kleiss, Urartische Pltze inIranisch-Azerbaidjan,IstMitt18 (1968) 1-44.

Kleiss 1972W. Kleiss, Ausgrabungen in der UrartischenFestung Basam (Rusahinili) 1970,IranMittn.F. 5(1972) 7-68.

Kleiss 1973W. Kleiss, Bericht ber Erkundungsfahrten in Iranim Jahre 1972,IranMitt6 (1973) 7-80.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

22/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1289

Kleiss 1973aW. Kleiss, Qal'eh Zohak in Azerbaidjan,IranMitt6 (1973) 163-88.

Kleiss 1974W. Kleiss, Planaufnahmen urartischer Burgen undNeufunde urartischer Anlagen in Iranisch-Azerbaidjan im Jahre 1973,IranMittn.F. 7 (1974)79-106.

Kleiss 1975W. Kleiss, Planaufnahmen urartischer Burgen undNeufunde urartischer Anlagen in Iranisch-Azerbaidjan im Jahre 1974,IranMittn.F. 8 (1975)51-70.

Kleiss 1976W. Kleiss, Urartische Pltze im Iran (Stand derForschung Herbst 1975),IranMittn.F. 9 (1976)19-43.

Kleiss 1976aW. Kleiss and S. Kroll, Zwei Pltze des 6.Jahrhunderts v. Chr. in Iranisch Azerbaidjan,

IranMittn.F. 9 (1976) 107-24.

Kleiss 1977W. Kleiss, Burganlagen und Befestigungen in Iran,

IranMitt10 (1977) 23-52.

Kleiss 1977aW. Kleiss and S. Kroll. Urartische Pltze in Iran(Stand der Forschung Herbst 1976),IranMittn.F. 10(1977) 53-118.

Kleiss 1978W. Kleiss, Hgelgrber in Nordwest-Azerbaidjan,

IranMittn.F. 11 (1978) 13-18.

Kleiss 1978aW. Kleiss and S. Kroll, Urartische Pltze undAnlagen des 2.-1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. in Iran,

IranMittn.F. 11 (1978) 27-71.

Kleiss 1979W. Kleiss and S. Kroll, Vermessene urartischePltze in Iran (West-Azerbaidjan) und Neufunde(Stand der Forschung 1978),IranMittn.F. 12(1979) 183-243.

Kleiss 1979aW. Kleiss and S. Kroll, Frharmenische Burgen inNordwest-Azerbaidjan,IranMittn.F. 12 (1979)289-302.

Kroll 1984S. Kroll, Archologische Fundpltze inIranisch-Ost-Azarbaidjan,IranMitt17 (1984)13-133.

Kroll 1988S. Kroll, Grabungsbericht, in W. Kleiss (ed.),

Bastam II. Ausgrabungen in den Urartischen Anlagen1977-1978,Teheraner forschungen herausgegeben vonDeutschen Archologischen Institut abteilung Teheran5, pp. 75-106, Berlin, 1988.

Kroll 2000S. Kroll,Festungen und Siedlungen in Iranisch-

Azarbaidjan. Untersuchungen zur Siedlungs- undTerritorialgeschichte des Urmia-See-Gebietes invorislamischer Zeit, Berlin, 2000.

Khne 1978H. Khne, Zur historische Geographie am UnterenHabur,Archiv fr Orientforschung26 (1978-79)181-95.

Khne 1980H. Khne, Zur Rekonstruktion der Feldzge

Adad-Nirari II., Tukulti-Ninurta II. und AurnairpalII. im Habur-Gebiet,BaghMitt11 (1980) 44-70.

Lebeau 1997M. Lebeau and A. Suleiman (eds.), Tell Beydar,Three seasons of excavations (1992-1994).

A preliminary report, Subartu 3, Turnhout, 1997.

Lightfoot 1986C.S. Lightfoot, Tillia, Late RomanEquitesfort onthe Tigris?, in P. Freeman and D. Kennedy (eds.),The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East.Proceedings of a colloquium held at the Universityof Sheffield in April 1986, 2 vols., BAR International

series 297, pp. 509-29, Oxford, 1986.Lightfoot 1998

C.S. Lightfoot, Survey work at Satala, inR. Matthews (ed.),Ancient Anatolia, pp. 273-84,Oxford, 1998.

Lyonnet 1996B. Lyonnet, Settlement pattern in the Upper Khabur(N.E. Syria), from the Achaemenids to the Abbasidperiod: Methods and preliminary results from asurvey, in K. Bartl and S.R. Hauser (eds.),Continuity and change in northern Mesopotamia

from the Hellenistic to the early Islamic period,

Berliner Beitrge zum Vorderen Orient 17,pp. 349-61, Berlin, 1996.

Magie 1950D. Magie,Roman rule in Asia Minor, 2 vols.,Princeton, 1950.

Mahmoud 1988A. Mahmoud et al., Die Ausgrabung auf dem Tell'Aa / adikanni 1982,DM3 (1988) 141-84.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

23/24

1290 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Manandian 1965H.A. Manandian,The trade and cities of Armenia inrelation to ancient world trade, N. Garsoian (trans.),Lisbon, 1965.

Markwart 1930J. Markwart,Sdarmenien und die Tigrisquellen nachgriechischen und arabischen Geographen, Vienna,1930.

Mathiesen 1992H.E. Mathiesen,Sculpture in the Parthian empire.

A study in chronology, II. Catalogue, Aarhus, 1992.

Meijer 1986D.W.J. Meijer,A survey in northeastern Syria,Istanbul, 1986.

Mitford 1980T.B. Mitford, Thelimesin the Kurdish Taurus, inW.S. Hanson and L.J.F. Keppie (eds.),Roman frontier

studies XII. Papers presented to the 12th internationalcongress of Roman frontier studies, BAR Internationalseries 71, pp. 913-26, Oxford, 1980.

Mitford 1986T.B. Mitford, A Late Roman fortress south of LakeVan, in P. Freeman and D. Kennedy (eds.), The

Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East:proceeedings of a colloquium held at the University ofShefffield in April 1986, 2 vols., BAR Internationalseries 297, pp. 565-73, Oxford, 1986.

Mitford 1998T.B. Mitford, The Roman frontier on the UpperEuphrates, in R. Matthews (ed.),Ancient Anatolia.Fifty years work by the British Institute of

Archaeology at Ankara, pp. 255-72, London, 1998.

Morony 1982M.G. Morony, Continuity and change in theadministrative geography of late Sasanian and earlyIslamic al-'Iraq,Iran20 (1982) 1-49.

Oates 1968D. Oates,Studies in the ancient history of northern

Iraq, London, 1968.

Oates 1990

D. Oates and J. Oates, Aspects of Hellenistic andRoman settlement in the Khabur basin, inP. Matthiae, M. van Loon and H. Weiss (eds.),

Resurrecting the past, a joint tribute to AdnanBounni, Nederlands Historisch-ArchaeologischInstituut te Istanbul, pp. 227-48, Istanbul, 1990.

Palmer 1990A. Palmer,Monk and mason on the Tigris frontier: theearly history of Tur 'Abdin, University of CambridgeOriental Publications 39, Cambridge, 1990.

Poidebard 1934A. Poidebard,La trace de Rome dans le dsert deSyrie: le limes de Trajan la conqute Arabe,

Recherches ariennes (1925-1932), 2 vols., BAH 18,Paris, 1934.

Roaf 1984M.D. Roaf, Excavations at Tell Mohammed 'Arabin the Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project,Iraq46(1984) 141-55.

Rllig 1977W. Rllig and H. Khne, The lower Habur,AAAS27-28 (1977-78) 115-40.

Russell 1987

J.R. Russell,Zoroastrianism in Armenia, HarvardIranian series 5, Harvard, 1987.

Schwarz 1969P. Schwarz,Iran im Mittelalter nach den arabischenGeographen, New York, 1969.

Simpson 1994St J. Simpson, A note on Qasr Serij,Iraq56(1994) 149-51.

Sinclair 1987 (vol. 1), 1989 (vol. 2), 1989a (vol. 3), 1990(vol. 4)

T.A. Sinclair,Eastern Turkey: an architectural and

archaeological survey, 4 vols., London, 1987-90.Sinclair 1994

T.A. Sinclair, The site of Tigranocerta. I,REArm25(1994-95), 183-254.

Sinclair 1996T.A. Sinclair, The site of Tigranocerta. II,REArm26(1996-97) 51-118.

Summers 1993G.D. Summers, Archaeological evidence for theAchaemenid period in eastern Turkey,AnatSt43(1993) 85-108.

Syme 1958R. Syme,Tacitus, 2 vols., Oxford, 1958

Syme 1995R. Syme,Anatolica. Studies in Strabo, A.R. Birley(ed.), Oxford, 1995.

Thierry 1972M. Thierry, Monastres armniens du VaspurakanVI,REArm9 (1972) 137-78.

8/13/2019 BATL089_

24/24

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1291

Thierry 1976M. Thierry, Le couvent des Saints-Aptres de Mu,

Handes Amsorya90 (1976), no. 1-12, 235-55.

Thierry 1983M. Thierry, Notes dun voyage archologique enTurquie orientale,Handes Amsorya97 (1983)no. 7-12, 379-406.

Voigt 1976M. Voigt, Hajji Firuz Tepe: an economicreconstruction of a sixth millenium community inwestern Iran, diss., University of Pennsylvania,1976.

Whitby 1986M. Whitby and M. Whitby,The history of TheophylactSimocatta: an English translation, Oxford, 1986.

Wilkinson 1995T.J. Wilkinson and D.J. Tucker,Settlementdevelopment in the North Jazira, Iraq. A study of thearchaeological landscape, British School ofArchaeology in Iraq, Warminster, 1995.

batl089_

Documents