CLOUD BASICSEnamul Haque

EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIESCloud computing has evolved through a number of phases which include grid and utility computing, application service provision (ASP), and Software as a Service (SaaS).Then in 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which to run their own computer applications.

"Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing infrastructure service," said Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Brightcove, which provides its SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers.

Another big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though services such as Google Apps.

UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENTIALS Cloud is a Strategy Cloud is not a technology Cloud is a metaphor for the internet A basic definition of cloud computing is the use of the Internet for the tasks you perform on your computer

From a users point of view, a good cloud computing definition is using Web applications and/or server services that you pay to access rather than software or hardware that you buy and install.

Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet, • basically a step on from Utility Computing• a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet

infrastructure (called a platform).• Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and

networking services to clients

CLOUD ATTRIBUTES

CLOUD CHARACTERISTICSOn-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with service providers. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations). Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. Measured service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).

CLOUD SERVICE MODELS Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web- based email), or a program interface.

Platform as a Service (PaaS).The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service

(IaaS)

Google App Engine

SalesForce CRMLotusLive

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

CLOUD ARCHITECTURE • Cloud computing is a model for

enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

• Cloud computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure.

• Cloud computing users avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use.

• Low shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead, and immediate access to a broad range of applications

Front-end platforms

called clients or cloud clients

These client platforms

interact with the cloud data storage via an

application (middleware),

via a web browser, or through a

virtual sessionCloud storage/Infrastructure

CLOUD COMPUTING LAYERS

Application Service(SaaS)

Application Platform

Server Platform

Storage Platform Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...

3Tera, EC2, SliceHost, GoGrid, RightScale, Linode

Google App Engine, Mosso,Force.com, Engine Yard,Facebook, Heroku, AWS

MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM, Google Apps; Salesforce.comQuicken Online, Zoho, Cisco

CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE LAYERS

Services

Application

Development

Platform

Storage

Hosting

Description

Services – Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa

Services

ApplicationFocused

InfrastructureFocused

Application – Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online

Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS

Development – Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce/ServiceNowPlatform – Cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid

Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION TYPESPrivate CloudClient owned and

managed.Access limited to client

and itspartner network.Drives efficiency, standardization

and best practices while retaining

greater customization and

control.Public CloudService provider owned

andmanaged.

Access by subscription.Delivers select set of

standardizedbusiness process,

applicationand/or infrastructure

services ona flexible pay per use

basis.

SOME COMMERCIAL CLOUD OFFERINGS

BENEFITS – 1/2Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less.By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational investment!Clients can put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers. They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc. Helps to use applications without installations. Access the personal files and data from any computer with internet access. This technology allows much more efficient computation by centralizing storage, memory and processing .Mitigate the risks of over-provisioning and under-provisioning. No up-front cost, invest on other aspects (marketing, technology…), Less maintenance & operational cost. Save time, time = money.

BENEFITS – 2/2Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!Universal document access - that is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your documents with you. Latest version availability - when you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when you access the document at work. Easier group collaboration - sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.Device independence - you are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.

CHALLENGES – 1/2Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolize the market.

Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

Security could prove to be a big issue:It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear.

There are also issues relating to policy and access: If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to? What happens if the remote server goes down? How will you then access files? There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data.

CHALLENGES – 2/2Requires a constant Internet connection:Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet. Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anything, even your own documents.

A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

Does not work well with low-speed connections: Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.

Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large documents.

Features might be limited:This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.

For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with Google Presentation's web-based offering

CLOUD ADAPTATION

Are your applications ready to run in the Cloud? Will you be able to receive technical support for the service? Ownership and access of your data Fluctuating Data Volumes Is any part of the Cloud infrastructure outsourced or subcontracted? Compliance Cost analysis Migration Strategy Dealing with Downtime Data Migration

Source

REFERENCEWikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing: http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.pdfHow Cloud Computing Is Changing the World: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008082_445669.htm The Future of Cloud Computing: http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/digital/Programs/MBAFellowsProgramArchive/08_rana.pdf