TCP/IP ADDRESSING SYSTEM

TRANMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/

INTERNET PROTOCOL

Contents

● IMPORTANCE ● HISTORY● TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE● NETWORK ACCESS LAYER● INTERNET LAYER● TRANSPORT LAYER● APPLICATION LAYER

Importance

● Network Administration

● Social Networking

● Internet

History

● US Defence Department

● Vint Cerf

● Robert E.Kahn

Invention of TCP/IPV.Cerf R.kahn

TCP/IP ArchitectureLayers of tcp/ip Data Packages in tcp/ip

Significant Tasks in tcp/ip● Packet Switching

● Logical Addressing

● Routing

● Error/Flow Control

● Name Resolution

● Apps Support

Network Access Layer

● Data frames sent to identify source,destination MAC’s.

● Ethernet

● CSMA/CD

● ARP/RARP

Frame Header

IP Layer● IP Address → 32 bit i.e. 4 octets

● Ex: 127.0.0.0 i.e. used to find tcp/ip working?

● Ping 127.0.0.0

● IP Address using network id + host id

Classification of IP addresses● Class A Address first octet starts from 1-

127(10.0.0.0)first octet for n/w id remaining for host id.

● Class B Address first octet starts from 128-191 (190.78.0.0)first two octets for n/w id remaining for host id.

● Class C Address first octet starts from 192-223 (190.78.200.0)first 3 octets for n/w id remaining for host id.

Classification of IP addresses

● Class D Address : First octet starts from 224-239

● Class E Address : First octet starts from 240-247

Subnet and Subnet Mask

● For Class A network there is 16 millions of hosts are available n/w id itself doesn’t root to correct destination.

● In order to avoid such problems network divides into small type of networks called subnets.

● Each subnet has its own subnet id which has given by network to root the data package for the particular host.

Subnet and Subnet Mask

● Subnet id can borrow the some of the bits from the host id to identify the particular subnet in the network.

● How to identify how many bits are borrowed from host id to subnet id determined by the SUBNET MASK.

● Subnet mask is also 32 bit binary address . It uses all 1’s for the n/w id and all 0’s for host id.

Subnet and Subnet Mask● Subnet mask defines the combined length of n/w id

and subnet id.● Example: If 19 bits are used for n/w id for Class B

address having subnet masks 0f 255.255.224.0 ● Default subnet masks for class A 255.0.0.0● Default subnet masks for class B 255.255.0.0● Default subnet masks for class C 255.255.255.0● Example : IP Address 212.114.32.113(subnet id :96,

host id 17 i.e. 0.0.0.96 and 0.0.0.17)

IP Header

Questions related to Subnet mask● How large a subnet id in class B n/w with mask

255.255.0.0?● A n/w admin calculates that he will needs 21 mask

bits for his network, what subnet mask he should use?

● A class c n/w address needed for employees of 10 locations each location has not more than 12 people what subnet mask needed for every work station?

● X wants to use the three subnet bits for sub netting on class A n/w what should be the sub net mask?

CIDR Classless internet domain routing● We are running out of internet class addresses● ISP leases some range of Class C network

addresses and needs only one entry to define them all.

● Its needed a decimal number followed by slash as 204.21.128.0/17

● Question: what IP Address assigned in the CIDR range 204.21.128.0/17?

Transport Layer

● Interface for network applications● Resequencing● Multiplexing (many to one), Demultiplexing(one to

many)● Flow control● Port numbers (ip address + port number)

192.168.25.120.21● Grace fully close

Segment Header

Application Layer

● File or print services

● Name Resolution Services

● Remote Access Services

● Web services

References

● All official documents of tcp/ip presents in RFC’s

● http://www.rfc-editor.org

● You can comment for rfc’s with the email rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org

THANK YOU!!