basic si units. the si prefixes branch a branch represents a single element such as a voltage source...
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Lec # 05
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Basic SI units.
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The SI prefixes
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BranchA branch represents a single element such as
a voltage source or a resistor.
In other words, a branch represents any two-terminal element. The circuit in Figure 2.10 has five branches, namely, the 10-V voltage source, the 2-A current source, and the three resistors.
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Branch (Figure 2.10)
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NodeA node is the point of connection between two or
more branches.
A node is usually indicated by a dot in a circuit.
If a short circuit (a connecting wire) connects two nodes, the two nodes constitute a single node.
The circuit in Fig. 2.10 has three nodes a, b, and c.
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LoopA loop is any closed path in a circuit
A loop is a closed path formed by starting at a node, passing through a set of nodes, and returning to the starting node without passing through any node more than once.
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Example
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Example
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Home Asg.
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KCLKirchhoff’s current law (KCL) states that the
algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero.
Mathematically, KCL implies that
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KCLThe sum of the currents entering a node is
equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.
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KCL
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KVLKirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that the
algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path(or loop) is zero.
Expressed mathematically, KVL states that
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KVLSum of voltage drops = Sum of voltage rises
KVL can be applied in two ways: by taking
either a clockwise or a counterclockwise trip around the loop. Either way, the algebraic sum of voltages around the loop is zero.
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KVLThe sign on each voltage is the polarity of the
terminal encountered first as we travel around the loop.
−v1 + v2 + v3 − v4 + v5 = 0
Rearranging terms givesv2 + v3 + v5 = v1 + v4
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KVL
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Example
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Home Asg.
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The End