General IT Knowledge

By: Daniel Karjadi

Background & PurposeRegular BriefingLack of IT Basic Knowledge

If you don’t know, listen If you know better, speak

To make a better workplaceBy Knowing the Basics we understand the Advanced

By Sharing we Learn moreWeekly every Tuesday 3pm by PIC

In-between: Readings, Study, Tests, Feedback

TimelineDec’10: Intro Jan’11: PCFeb’11: OSMar’11: Network Data & VoiceApr’11: ServerMay’11: .NET Jun’11: SAP BASIS Jul’11: SOA & SAP BWAug’11: SAP MMSept’11: SAP PS & PPOct’11: SAP FICONov’11: SAP BPCDec’11: IT Management2012: Advanced and Applied matters

TopicsThe WisdomsIT – TechnicalIT – Management

The Wisdom 1All is created

twice:In MindIn Reality

StudyCreateInnovate

BuildWorkTell

Nothing Plan Reality

What is Logaritm for ?

What is Math for ?

What is Fourier Transform for ?

To help you “Plan”

The Wisdom 2At t=0 S is closedV(t) = i(t).(R+r)Vc(t) = 1/C ∫ i(dt)

i(t)

S

E C R, r

0t

V

E

If this is “the plan”What is the reality ?

The Wisdom 3Learn from the Human Body(God, the Maha Guru, speaks not only from The Bible, the Revelation or

enlightment)

CREATURE lives in its NATURE = space & timeSpace: 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D etc..Time: chronological, freeze, in the past, in the future, balanced, omnipotenceThe composition makes the “character”

OTAK

HEARTPERUTSELANGKANGA

N

WEAKNESS

SKULL

RIBSBELLYNONE !!!EXPOSED !!!!

OTAK

HATIPERUTSELANGKANGA

N

Higher LevelOf Thinking

CENTEROFTHINKING

OTAK

HATIPERUTSELANGKANGA

N

Higher LevelOf Thinking

CENTEROFTHINKING

EMOSI

LOGIKA

PERUT (Makan)

Phylosophy

EthicsClosed, Emotion,Mind, Think,

IdeaExposed,

Physical,Behaviour

Isi OtakBijaksana

(Phylosophy)Baik / Jahat (Ethics)Open-minded

(Attitude)Berpengetahuan Luas

(Knowledge)Pinter (Smart)Kosong (Bodoh)

From the most Physical to the most Logical

BRAINWARE

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

IT - TechnicalBasic computing hardware, software, brainware high level & low level language Computer / PC (x86) architecture Prosesor: RISC, CISC, x86 http://www.brokenthorn.com/Resources/OSDev7.html Server technologies: Processor, memory, storage, network, OS Proc: multi, distributed, cluster, cloud, Mem: BIOS, PCI, PCI-express, DDR, DDR-2 Net: teaming Storage: Mirror, RAID 0-5, SAN, DAS, IDE, SCSI, SATA OS: VM, cluster, terminal server

Basic networking Topology OSI Layer Physical Ethernet (CSMA/CD), Token ring TCP/IP Upper layer Other protocols: routed, routing, UDP, SNMP, FTP, TELNET, LDAP, SMB, RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, ISIS SMB, NETBEUI, BPDU, SPT, Firewall, Load balancer, NAS, VPN, RAS, PPTP, L2TP, Tunneling, Radio, wireless, wifi, wimax

Operating System fundamentals Intro Unix Windows

Diagnosis and troubleshooting Client Network Server

Installation, configuring and upgrading Windows workstation Windows Server Unix server

RDBMSSQLOracle

Cisco.NETSOA

SAP Basis MM PP PS FICO

BW / BI / CognosSAP BPC

IT - ManagementConfiguration ManagementProblem ManagementChange ManagementProject ManagementVendor ManagementBPISDLCSystem AnalystAdaptive InfrastructureInternet Infrastructure Management

Basic PC ArchitectureFrom The Von Neumann "Stored Program Computer" Concept

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_register

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neuman

Personal Note:“My” CMS is based on this architecture design

http://cayfer.bilkent.edu.tr/~cayfer/ctp203/review.html

The Processor (CPU)

Intel Processor Evolution8086 (x86) + FPU/MathCo 8087 – 16 bit on DOS (PC), Real Mode

8088 – 16/20 bit, on DOS (PC XT), MEMDISK, Memory Resident Program

80286 + FPU (287) – Protected Mode 16/24 bit, on OS2 / DOS (PC AT)

80386 + FPU (387) – 32 bit, on DOS/Win3x, OS280486 – Integrated FPU, on WinNTPentium – L1 cache, Pipelining, 64/32 bit, WinNT 64 Itanium – L2 cache, multiple proc in 1, WinNT64dst

http://www.intel.com/products/processor/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors

Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging.

Multitasking

Windows Phone 7 stands on multitasking http://gizmodo.com/5512656/how-multitasking-works-in-the-new-iphone-os-40

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc767883.aspx

http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e85/lectures/instruction/node13.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC

CISC vs RISC PROCESSOR

Modern PC Architecture

http://www.inno-logic.com/resourcesPCIE.html

Old designclient

Old designserver

new designclient

New designclient New design

server

portable

Isi OtakBijaksana

(Phylosophy)Baik / Jahat (Ethics)Open-minded

(Attitude)Berpengetahuan Luas

(Knowledge)Pinter (Smart)Kosong (Bodoh)

From the most Physical to the most Logical

BRAINWARE

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

Changing role of the BIOS

Some operating systems, for example MS-DOS, rely on the BIOS to carry out most input/output tasks within the PC.[9]

Larger, more powerful, servers and workstations using PowerPC or SPARC CPUs by several manufacturers developed a platform-independent Open Firmware (IEEE-1275), based on the Forth programming language. It is included with Sun's SPARC computers, IBM's RS/6000 line, and other PowerPC CHRP motherboards.

Later x86-based personal computer operating systems, like Windows NT, use their own, native drivers which also makes it much easier to extend support to new hardware, while the BIOS still relies on a legacy 16-bit real mode runtime interface.

There was a similar transition for the Apple Macintosh, where the system software originally relied heavily on the ToolBox—a set of drivers and other useful routines stored in ROM based on Motorola's 680x0 CPUs. These Apple ROMs were replaced by Open Firmware in the PowerPC Macintosh, then EFI in Intel Macintosh computers.

Later BIOS took on more complex functions, by way of interfaces such as ACPI; these functions include:

• power management, • hot swapping, • thermal management.

Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is a specification which replaces the runtime interface of the legacy BIOS. Initially written for the Itanium architecture, EFI is now available for x86 and x86-64 platforms; the specification development is driven by The Unified EFI Forum, an industry Special Interest Group.

Linux has supported EFI via the elilo boot loader. The Open Source community increased their effort to develop a replacement for proprietary BIOSes and their future incarnations with an open sourced counterpart through the coreboot and OpenBIOS/Open Firmware projects. AMD provided product specifications for some chipsets, and Google is sponsoring the project. Motherboard manufacturer Tyan offers coreboot next to the standard BIOS with their Opteron line of motherboards. MSI and Gigabyte Technology have followed suit with the MSI K9ND MS-9282 and MSI K9SD MS-9185 resp. the M57SLI-S4 models.

Some BIOSes contain a "SLIC", a digital signature placed inside the BIOS by the manufacturer, for example Dell. This SLIC is inserted in the ACPI table and contains no active code. Computer manufacturers that distribute OEM versions of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft application software can use the SLIC to authenticate licensing to the OEM Windows Installation disk and/or system recovery disc containing Windows software.

Recent Intel processors (P6 and P7) have reprogrammable microcode. The BIOS may contain patches to the processor code to allow errors in the initial processor code to be fixed, updating the processor microcode each time the system is powered up. Otherwise, an expensive processor swap would be required.[10] For example, the Pentium FDIV bug became an expensive fiasco for Intel that required a product recall because the original Pentium did not have patchable microcode.

Harddisk Architecture

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc776720(WS.10).aspx

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781134(WS.10).aspx

FAT:

NTFS:

File Systems

http://bandwidthco.com/cf.html

http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~hamilton/courses/330/notes/allocate/allocate.html