basic information about blood (2013-14)

8/12/2019 Basic Information About Blood (2013-14)

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BASIC INFORMATIONABOUT BLOOD

ANNALYN T. NAVARRO

1STSEMESTER, AY

2014-15


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AT THE END OF THE PERIOD, THE STUDENTS

SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Describe the function andcharacteristics of blood

Recall the basic

components of blood and

their functions


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BASIC SCIENCES OF CLINICAL

HEMATOLOGY

Biochemistry

Cell Biology

CytologyGenetics

Histology

ImmunologyPathology

Physiology

Nuclear Medicine


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BLOOD DEFINED

Blood is the circulatory fluid ofthe cardiovascular systemwhich is circulating constantlythrough a closed circuit oftubes.

It is pumped from the heart intothe arteries, from the arteries

into the capillaries and from thecapillaries it flows from and intothe veins for return to the heart


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FACTS ABOUT BLOOD

In-vivo (liquid state)In-vitro (solid state)

Volume (7-8% per kg of the body

weight in liter

5L)ColorDark red- low oxygen content

Bright scarlet red-high oxygen content

pH (7.35-7.45)

Viscosity5X more viscous than

water-


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FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

I. Metabolic1. Respiration2. Nutrition3. Excretion4. Regulation of water balance5. Regulation of body temperature6. Transport of hormones7. Maintenance of acid basebalance in the body


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FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

II. Defensive Functions1. Production of immune

globulins

2. Function as phagocytes

Neutrophils

EosinophilsBasophils

Monocytes


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COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

BLOOD

LIQUID (55%)

plasma

Albumin

Fibrinogen

Globulins

SOLID (45%)

Red Bloodcells

White BloodCells

Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Granulocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Platelets


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FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD COMPONENTS


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BASIC COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

LIQUID PORTION: Plasma

Water (91%)

Electrolytes (e.g.,Na+,Ca2+,HCO3, Cl-)

Proteins Miscellaneous: sugars, fats, vits.,

hormones

SOLID PORTION: Formed elementsErythrocytes/Red Blood cells

Leukocytes/White blood cells

Thrombocytes/Platelets


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BASIC COMPONENTS OF BLOOD


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PLASMA VS. SERUM

PlasmaStraw & pale yellow liquid portion of blood after

coagulation has been preventedComplex mixture of proteins, electrolytes andother chemical compounds, dissolved in water.

SerumClear & yellow liquid portion of blood afterseparation of the clot

Functions of PlasmaSolventVehicle for the transport of blood cellsRegulation of temperature and water balance

Coagulation/FibrinolysisImmuno lobulins


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BONE MARROW


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ERYTHROCYTES

Biconcave discs, anucleate, essentially no

organelles

7.5 m in diameter & 2 m thick at the edges

Transport of Oxygen to the respiring tissues &

carry CO2 away from the tissues

Average number of RBCs in the bloodstream:Adult : 4.05.5 Million /uL

Adult : 4.56 Million/ uL

NB: 5.06.5 Million/ uL


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ERYTHROCYTES

Filled with hemoglobin

(Hb), a protein that

functions in gas

transportContain the plasma

membrane protein

spectr in that: Gives erythrocytes their

flexibility

Allows them to change

shape as necessary


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ERYTHROCYTES

Erythrocytes are an example of thecomplementarity of structure andfunction

Structural characteristics that

contribute to its gas transportfunction are: Biconcave shape that has a huge surface

area to volume ratio

Discounting water content, erythrocytesare 97% hemoglobinATP is generated anaerobically, so the

erythrocytes do not consume the oxygenthey transport


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RED BLOOD CELLS


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I. Accordingto granules:

Granulocytes

a)neutrophilsb)eosinophilsc) Basophils

Agranulocytea) lymphocyteb)monocyte

II. According tosegmentation

A. Polymorphonuclear

a. neutrophilb. eosinophilc. basophil

B. Mononucleara. monocyteb. lymphocyte

LEUKOCYTES - CLASSIFICATION


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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Soldiers of the body (help fight infections and aid in the

immune process)

neutrophil basophileosinophil

GRANULOCYTES


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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

lymphocytes monocytes

AGRANULOCYTES


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LEUKOCYTES

III. According to FunctionA.Phagocytes

a. neutrophil

b. eosinophil

c. basophil

d. monocyteB.Immunocytye

a. lymphocyte


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LEUKOCYTES

Neutrophil 10-15 um

w/ fine lilac granules in a pinkish cytoplasm

transmigration is faster than other WBCs

Eosinophil12-17 umw/ large bright red granules

destroys histamine & produces antihistamine

Basophil10-14 umW/ very large purplish black granules

Produces histamine, heparin & serotonin


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AGRANULAR WBCS:MONOCYTE

Characteristics:12-20 um

horse shoe shaped nucleus

w/ brain like convoluted nuclear chromatinFunctions:engulfment & phagocytosis

activation of acquired immune responsesdefending against host cell infected by

pathogenic organisms


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Small

Lymphocyte7-10 umDense nucleusLess amount ofcytoplasm

Large

lymphocyte

11-25 um

Less dense

More amount

of cytoplasm

AGRANULAR WBC: LYMPHOCYTE


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FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHOCYTE

Innate immunityRegulation of the specific or

acquired immune responses

Humoral immunity lymphocytes[B lymphocytes]Cellular immunity

[T lymphocytes]Production of hypersensitivity


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PLATELETS

Small packages of cytoplasm

that are nipped off from the

cytoplasm of megakaryocytes


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PLATELETS OR THROMBOCYTES

Function in blood coagulation.They group together to form clumps, or a plug, in

the hole of a vessel to stop bleeding.


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basic information about blood (2013-14)

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