basic important

7/29/2019 Basic Important

1/54

SHANTO-MARIAM UNIVERSITY OF CREATIVE TECHNOLOGYAMM-421

BASIC QUESTION

BASIC QUESTIONS I


2/54


BASIC QUESTION

TOPIC NAME: BASIC QUESTION

PREPARED FOR:Mr.Farrque M Masud.

Course Teacher and Department Head.

PREPARED BY:

jewel

Semester: 8th

ID: 082011253.

Group: B

Batch: 11th

27, March, 2012

Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology.

BASIC QUESTIONS II


3/54


BASIC QUESTION

December 8, 2011.Shanto-mariam University of creative technology.

Mr. Farruque M MasudHODDepartment of Apparel Manufacturing Management

Sub: SUBMISSION ON BASIC QUESTION.

Dear Sir,

This is to inform you that, I am a student of your university in 7 th semester in your

department. In this semester I have an assignment the assignment on basic question. As

the partial requirement for the AMM program, I am pleased to submit my assignment. It

provides me the opportunity to know the practical knowledge of whole process of apparel

industry. I had tried my best to collect the information for the report in my best. I hope

the report will give a fair idea on this issue.

Sincerely

(JEWEL)

BASIC QUESTIONS III


4/54


TABLE OF CONTENTS

BASIC QUESTION

What is your ides about cotton? What are different types of cotton?

Draw a diagram by which you can explain process production and

knitting of raw cotton.

What are the different countries in where raw cotton produced? Draw

a table in where you can explain country wise percentage of raw

cotton in the world?

What are the steps to import raw cotton from other countries? Explain

the diagram and documentation procedure in bank?

Explain communication procedure with exporter of raw cotton in

others exporting countries.

Write down the exporting companies and exporting raw cotton from

others countries to Bangladesh.

What is different types man made fiber?

What is your idea about yearns? What are the different types of yearn

terms count and kind?

Draw a diagram by which you can explain process of yearn procedure

of cotton yearn CVC yearn polyester mlange and any others kinds of

yearn

What are the different types of machine required in spinning machine?

BASIC QUESTIONS IV


5/54


What is the franked machine used in section of spinning mill?

Make a list of countries of machine manufacturer of spinning mill.

What is your idea about bay cons of spinning mill?

What is your idea about weight of a full cone of yarn?(13)

How many cones are include in one cartoon of yearn and total weight

of one cartoon yearn?

What is BTMA how many members are including in BTMA? Who is

present precedent of BTMA?

Write down full address of BTMA and along with phones and email

address?

What are the main functions BTMA?

Write down top ten spinning mills in forms of member of spindle?

Write down the list of yearn exporting countries of Bangladesh? What

are the types of yearn and fabrics imported from other countries?

Write down the present price list of cotton yarn and other types of

yarn like cvc, polyester and mlange?

What is your idea about different types of fabrics specially knit and

woven fabrics?

Draw a diagram of process of production of both knit and woven

fabrics.

Draw a diagram of dyeing process of knit fabric.

What are different types of machines include in dying process of knit

fabrics?

BASIC QUESTIONS V


6/54


Draw a diagram of dying process of both knitting yearn and woven

yearn.

What are the different types of knit and woven fabric fabrics? Write a

list of knit and woven fabrics?

What are the machines required for knit and woven fabrics?

Manufacturing process? Make a list on the basis of knit and woven

fabrics manufacturing process?

Make a list of manufacturing countries of machines required for knit

and woven fabric production?

What are the different types of machine in sweater industry?

Draw a diagram of process of sweater.

Make a list of top ten woven fabrics manufacturer, knit fabric and

sweater manufacturer.

Make a list of price of woven fabrics and knit fabrics at this moment

in the market.

What is your idea about apparel industry?

Write a small history on apparel industry in Bangladesh?

Write is your idea about management merchandising and negation?

Explain merchandising works as a sellers and buyers.

What is your idea about difference between marketing and sales?

How do you write first mail to buyer to explain your business so that

you can create an interest in the mind of new buyer?

BASIC QUESTIONS VI


7/54


What are the different types of sample? Write down short note on

each sample?

What are the steps handle by followed at the time of sending sample?

What is the cost factor included in c and f and fob price?

Write down consumption formula both of knit and woven garment.

Draw a diagram on flow chart of activates of merchandising.

What is your idea about PO, PI, M L/C, BB/C, and bill of lading,

consolidators bill of lading?

Draw a diagram operational procedure in chittagong for garments

export.

What is your idea about C&F?

What are the different types of containers in forms of size and kinds?

What is your idea about data bank of supply chain department?

How do you write an email to suppliers for price andsample?

BASIC QUESTIONS VII


8/54


What is your ides about cotton? What are different types of cotton?

Cotton: Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule,around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The plant is a shrub nativeto tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa,India, and Pakistan. The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used tomake a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber cloth inclothing today.

Cotton is a natural fiber harvested from the cotton plant. Cotton is one of the oldest fibersunder human cultivation, with traces of cotton over 7,000 years old recovered fromarchaeological sites. Cotton is also one of the most used natural fibers in existence today,with consumers from all classes and nations wearing and using cotton in a variety ofapplications. Thousands of acres globally are devoted to the production of cotton,whether it be new world cotton, with longer, smoother fibers, or the shorter and coarser

old world varieties.

Types of Cotton: There are five types of cotton, which are cultivated on commercialbasis around the world. These include the .

Egyptian cotton.

Sea Island cotton.

BASIC QUESTIONS VIII


9/54


American Prima cotton.

Asiatic cotton and

American Upland cotton. Each of these types has been brief about in thefollowing description. Know more on the history of cotton.

Egyptian Cotton

As the name suggests, this fine, lustrous cotton has long and thinner fibers. This cottonfiber is light brown in color and is ideal for making strong yarns. This is the reason why itis one of the most popular types of cotton used for bed sheets, cushion covers, etc.Sea Island Cotton

Sea Island Cotton happens to be a 'pricey affair' for its growth and processing in theworld of cottons. Its long staple and silky texture make it to be used in the finest cottoncounts and mixed with silk. So, whenever you notice the label of 'sea island cotton' onshirt, know that the piece might get a little heavy on your pockets. Get some tips on howto grow cotton.

Pima Cotton

The pima cotton belongs to the ELS (extra long staple) types of cotton and is popular forits long, smooth fibers. It has a quality that is comparable to that of the Egyptian cotton.The strength, softness, durability and absorbency of the Pima cotton make it one of thepopular and finest types of cotton for clothing, towels and sheets.

Asiatic Cotton

India, China and the near east are the places, which are the growers of this kind of cotton.It has coarse and harsh fibers and thus, is suitable for manufacturing products likeblankets, filters, coarse clothes, padding materials and the like.

American Upland Cotton

One of the most commonly used types of cotton is the American Upland cotton. It is lessexpensive and of a basic quality, and is also used to make several types of fabrics. Theversatility of the cotton makes it usable for manufacturing expensive shirts and denim.

Other Types of Cotton

Canton Cotton

Bamboo Cotton

Cotton Twill

French Terry Cotton

Honey Comb Cotton

Oxford Chambray Cotton

BASIC QUESTIONS IX


10/54


Types of Cotton Fabric

Knitted Cotton Fabric - Generally, knitted cotton fabric is used for manufacturingT-shirts. Machines with needles are employed to grab the yarn and create a seriesof stitches. These stitches are the ones, which form this soft and stretchable fabric.

Woven Cotton Fabric - Such kind of a cotton fabric is done by the use of a loomand a shuttle.

Non-woven Cotton Fabric - Here, the fabric is created using heat or chemicals tohold the fibers in place. Cotton pads, bandages, diapers and filters are commonexamples.

Types of Cotton Threads

Mercerized Cotton Thread

Glazed Cotton Thread

Gassed Cotton Thread

Cotton-Wrapped Polyester Thread

So this was a brief discussion, which we had on the various types of cotton we can availfor out requirements. The choice of a particular type of cotton is governed by thepurpose. I hope this article will help you chose the right type of cotton for your intendedrequirement.

BASIC QUESTIONS X


11/54


What are the different countries in where raw cotton produced? Draw a

table in where you can explain country wise percentage of raw cotton in

the world?

RAW COTTON PRODUCED

India

United state

Pakisthan

Brazil

Turkey

Syria

BASIC QUESTIONS XI


12/54


BASIC QUESTIONS

Top ten cotton producers2011(480-pound bales)

People's Republic of China 33.0 million bales

India 27.0 million bales

United States 18.0 million bales

Pakistan 10.3 million bales

Brazil 9.3 million bales

Uzbekistan 4.6 million bales

Australia 4.2 million bales

Turkey 2.8 million bales

Turkmenistan 1.6 million bales

Greece 1.4 million bales

XII
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece


13/54



The following are different types of man made fabric-

Polyester

Nylon

Spandex

Acrylic

Viscose

Rayon

What is your idea about yarns? What are the different types of yarn

terms count and kind?

Yarn: Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in theproduction of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery andropemaking. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modernmanufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand

the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed forhand ormachine embroidery.

Yarn Types:

There are four types of yarn like-

100% Cotton- a) Carded b) Combed c) Rotor

Man Made- a) Polyester b) Elastane

Blend a) CVC (Cotton + Polyester) b) PC ( Polyester + Cotton)

c) Mellange (Cotton + Viscose)

Regenerated Cellulose a) Viscose b) Modal

BASIC QUESTIONS XIII
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knittinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroideryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery_threadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroideryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knittinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroideryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery_threadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_embroidery


14/54


Types of Yarn uses in this factory:

Card Yarn

Comb Yarn

Rotor Yarn (Open End)

P/C (Polyester 65 % + Cotton 35 %)

CVC (Cotton 60 % + Polyester 40 % )

Mellange Yarn

Organic Yarn Modal

Viscose

Cima Cotton

Lycra Yarn

BASIC QUESTIONS XIV


15/54


75 Denier Polyester

Draw a diagram by which you can explain process of yearn procedure

of cotton yearn CVC yearn polyester mlange and any others kinds ofyearn.

Diagram:

Card Yarn Flow Chart Combed Yarn Flow Chart

(Ring Spinning) (Ring Spinning)

Blow Room (Open, Clean, Mixing) Blow Room

Carding-(Parallel, Sliver Form) Carding

Drawing-1 (More Parallel, Sliver Form) Drawing-1

Drawing-2 (Better Uniform Parallel, Sliver) Lap Former- (36 Sliver)

Speed Frame-(Roving, Low Twist) Comber

Ring Frame-(Yarn Rapping on the Bobbin) Drawing-2

Winding-(Final Package) Speed Frame

Packing Ring Frame

WindingPacking

BASIC QUESTIONS XV


16/54


What are the different types of machine required in spinning machine?

Spinning is a process where textile fibers turn into yarn with twist or without twist.Spinning System:

Ring Spinning Natural Fibre (12 Count-110 Count)

Rotor Spinning Natural Fibre (03 Count-20 Count)

Friction Spinning Natural Fibre

Dry Spinning Synthetic Fibre

Wet Spinning Synthetic Fibre

Melt Spinning Synthetic Fibre

What is the branded machine used in section of spinning mill?

Branded machine:

Open end spinning

Ring spinning

Magnetic ring spinning

Spinning frame

Spinning jenny

Spinning mule

Throstle frame

Water frame

Wool combing machine

BASIC QUESTIONS XVI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_end_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_ring_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_jennyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_mulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throstle_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool_combing_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_end_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_ring_spinninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_jennyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_mulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throstle_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_framehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool_combing_machine


17/54


Draw a diagram of process of production of both knit and woven

fabrics.

Diagram:

Flow Chart of Knitting Procedure

Collect approved Sample and sample parameter

Analyze the work order, M/C and Yarn Selection

Source the Yarn as per requirement

M/C Cam design as per requirement

Collect Yarn from Store

Cone setting the creel

Yarn feeding the tensioned guide and positive feeder

Check the stitch length and GSM

Inspection the fabric after making approximately

If fabric is OK then continuously run but not OK then find out the problem and solved it.

Cut the fabric roll and marking stitch length, GSM, Count etc. (20-25 kg)

Send the inspection section and inspected the fabric and grading according to the point

Then send to the gray store

Fabric delivery according to the dyeing batch card from gray store

BASIC QUESTIONS XVII


18/54


Draw a diagram of dyeing process of knit fabric.

Striping process:

60c NOF

Caustic 60c (10min run)

Hydrous

105c steam 40 min

Shade Ok

80c 5 min run

Scouring

Total dyeing process:

Pre-Treatment: -

Scouring

Bleaching

Scouring hot (H2O2)

Enzymeel Biopolish

BASIC QUESTIONS XVIII


19/54


CS Hot

Dyeing:

Labeling agent

Dyes Dossing

Salt Dossing

Soda Dossing

Caustic

Dyeing

After Treatment:-

Normal Hot

Acid Hot

Enzyme (if)

Washing agent hot

Fixing (Dyes fixed)

Unload

BASIC QUESTIONS XIX


20/54


Dyeing Procedure

M/C Filling at 60c

P check (6-6.5 min)

Leveling Agent

Run Time 20 min

Color dosing (linear) 30-50 min

Salt Transfer (Inject)

Run Time 20 min

Soda Dosing (progressive)

Run Time (10-60 min)

If Shade Ok Then

Bath Drop (BD) Water Drain

BD Wash (60 x 20-30min)

Neutralization (Acidification)

Wash (60 x 10-20min)

Soaping 80-100 x 10

Wash until water clean

Unload

Softener Procedure (If Required)

BASIC QUESTIONS XX


21/54


P Check (5-5.5)

Acetic Acid

Softener Dosing at 45-60

Run Time (10-20 min)

Unload

Finishing

Fabric unload from dyeing M/C

Dewatering (Tube Form) Slitting (Open From)

Dryer Stenter Raising Suding

Compacting Compacting

BASIC QUESTIONS XXI


22/54


What are different types of machines include in dying process of knitfabrics?

Basically three type of dying machine1. Fiber dyeing machine2. Yarn dyeing machine3. Fabric dyeing machine

Different type of dyeing m/c

Fiber dyeing Machine:

1. Horsing loose cotton dyeing m/c2. Simplex dyeing m/c dyeing m/c3. Conical plan loose stock dyeing m/c4. Dreze dyeing m/c

Yarn dyeing m/c:

1. Hank from

G.S.H

Hank dyeing m/c

Pulsate

Hussong

2. Package from1. Cop2. Chcesc3. Warp

Fabric dyeing m/c

1. Beam dyeing m/c2. Paddle dyeing m/c3. Package dyeing m/c4. Sample dyeing m/c5. Hank dyeing m/c

BASIC QUESTIONS XXII


23/54


6. Jet dyeing m/c7. Jigger dyeing m/c8. Winch dyeing m/c


Manmade fiber: Manmade Fabrics are usually made of filaments extruded as liquid andformed into various fibers. Because the fiber starts as a liquid, many of the fibers arecolored before they become filament, thus they are difficult to dye after the fiber iswoven into a fabric.

Acetate: Acetate is not a strong fiber but can be extruded into fibers of differentdiameter and woven into fabrics that have the luxurious look of silk but do not wear likesilk.

Lastex: laxtex is an elastic fiber made from Latex. It is most often used with other fibersto create fabrics such as Spandex and foundation garments. Lastex will deteriorate afterrepeated washing and drying, losing its elasticity.

Nylon: Nylon became one of the most versatile fibers of the man-made fabrics. Inaddition to hosiery, nylon is used in tricot, netting for bridal veils, and in carpeting.Nylon is stronger yet weighs less than any other commonly used fiber. It is elastic andresilient and responsive to heat setting. Nylon fibers are smooth, non-absorbent and dryquickly.

Polyester: Polyester is a strong fiber that is resistant to crease and thus keeps it shape.Polyester melts at medium to high temperatures. Although many people dislike polyester,perhaps due to the double knit fad of the 1950, polyester remains a versatile andimportant man-made fabric. Blends of polyester give cotton a permanent press propertyand extend the wear of these blended garments. Polyester is manufactured in manyweights including fiberfill used in pillows and upholstery. Threads spun from polyesterfibers are strong, wear exceptionally well, and are used extensively in home sewing andmanufactured sewing.

Rayon: Rayon, from cellulose, has many of the qualities of cotton, a natural cellulosefiber. Rayon is strong; extremely absorbent, comes in a variety of qualities and weights,

and can be made to resemble natural fabrics. Rayon does not melt but burns at hightemperatures.

BASIC QUESTIONS XXIII


24/54


What is BTMA? How many members are including in BTMA? Who is

present precedent of BTMA?

BTMA: Bangladesh Textile Mills association (BTMA) is the national trade organizationof Primary Textile Industry i.e. Yarn Manufacturing, Fabric Manufacturing and Dyeing-Printing-Finishing mills of the country under private sector

Members:

Currently the number of membership of BTMA is 1266 under:

Yarn Manufacturing = 361

Fabric Manufacturer = 682

Dyeing-Printing-Finishing = 223

Over 4.00 billion EURO has been invested in these mills and about 4.00 million peopleare currently employed. BTMA fulfills:

100 % of the domestic fabric and yarn requirement.

50% of the cotton oven fabric requirement of export oriented garments sub-sector.

Over 95% of the yarn and fabric requirement of export oriented knitwear sub-sector.

Present President of BTMA:

Jahangir Alamin

President, BTMA &Managing DirectorFuad Spinning Mills Ltd.Alamin Centre, 25/A Dilkusha C/A, Dhaka.Phone: 9564507-9, 9567836-7Fax: 880-2-9564512 E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

BASIC QUESTIONS XXIV


25/54


Write down full address of BTMA and along with phones and email

address?

BTMA: Bangladesh Textile Mills association (BTMA) is the national trade organizationof Primary Textile Industry i.e. Yarn Manufacturing, Fabric Manufacturing.

Bangladesh Textile Mills AssociationAddress: Unique Trade Centre (8th Floor) 8, Panthapath, Kawran Bazar,Dhaka (Bangladesh)Tel: 880-2-9563790Fax: 880-2-9563320

Bangladesh Textile Mills Associations (BTMEA)

Address: Moon Mansion (6th Floor) 12,Dilkusha C/A. City: Dhaka.Phone: Fax: +880-2-9563320, 9563749.Email: www.bdyellowbook.com

What are the main functions BTMA?

Main function of BTMA

To promote and protect the trade, commerce and manufacturers of Bangladesh ingeneral and of the textile related trade in particular.

To collect and circulate statistics and to collect, classify and circulate informationrelating to the trade, commerce and manufactures of its members.

To take all steps which may be necessary for promoting, supporting or opposinglegislative and other measures affecting the trade, commerce or manufactures ofits members.

To make representations to the appropriate authorities on any matter connectedwith the trade, commerce and manufactures of its members.

To advance and promote commercial and technical education connected with thetrade and commerce of its members.

To undertake special inquiries and initiate or support any action for securing theredress of legitimate grievances connected with the trade or commerce of itsmembers.

To engage in such activities for imports, exports of raw materials, spares and

finished products for the collective benefit of the members of the Association.

To organize such factories and workshops for selling or display centers centrallywhich may be of common benefit for sections, which might not be possible orfeasible for individual members.

BASIC QUESTIONS XXV


26/54


What is your idea about different types of fabrics specially knit and

woven fabrics?

Knit fabric: Knitted fabrics the third major class of fabric, after woven and no wovenfabrics. Compared to the other two classes, knitted fabrics are much more elastic,which accounts for their historical use in stockings and other clothing that requireschanges in shape. Hence, dresses and lingerie made from knitted fabrics can be moreform fitting than counterparts made from a woven fabric. Knitted fabrics can stretch,depending on their material and knitting pattern, up to 500 percent of their originalsize. Lace knitting generally produces the most flexible fabric, since it has largeholes that can deform in shape; by contrast, cable knitting generally produces theleast flexible fabric, since the stitches are crossed under tension, which inhibitsdeformation. Knitted fabrics that do not deform much are called stable knits. For

comparison, woven fabrics typically deform only along their bias directioni.e., at45 to the warp and weft directionsand only by a small amount; however, a wovenfabric made with a stretchable material such as Lycra may deform more than a stableknit.

The elasticity of knitted fabrics gives them an excellent drape, but this is opposedsomewhat by their generally greater thickness compared to woven. Thus, the turn of thecloth (i.e., the maximum curvature of a fold of the fabric) is generally finer in wovenfabrics than in knitted fabrics. For this reason, knitted fabrics resist wrinkles better thanwoven, but do not generally take a crease.

Knitted fabrics are generally warmer and more comfortable than woven fabrics, which iswhy they are worn closer to the body. Moreover, knitted fabrics are often made fromwool, which stays warm even when wet; wool is preferred since it is more elastic thanmost fibers and produces more even, beautiful knits. In general, elasticity and warmth areopposing qualities in a knitted fabric, since the most elastic knitted fabrics, such as lace,have the largest holes and are thus less insulating.

Structure of knitted fabrics: Knitted fabrics are divided into two basic types: warp-knitfabrics such as tricot and weft-knit fabrics such as a hand-knit sweater. Weft-knititems have the drawback that they run when cut. Warp-knit fabrics are often used inlingerie.

Knits shrink Knits have nap

Ribs/wales versus courses

Generally more elasticity along the course than along the wale

BASIC QUESTIONS XXVI


27/54


Woven fabric: A woven is a cloth formed by weaving. It only stretches in the biasdirections (between the warp and weft directions), unless the threads are elastic.Woven cloth usually frays at the edges, unless measures are taken to counter this,

such as the use of pinking shears or hemming.

Draw a diagram of process of production of both knit and woven fabrics

Diagram process of production of both knit and woven:

BASIC QUESTIONS XXVII


28/54


What are the different types of machine in sweater industry?Machine types of sweater:

Winding machine

Knitting machine

Linking machine

Washing machine

Hydro extractor machine

Dryer machine

Boiler machine

Steam room Over lock machine

Label sewing machine

BASIC QUESTIONS XXVIII


29/54


Draw a diagram of process of sweater.

Winding section

Yarn distribution sectionKnitting section

First inspection

Linking section

Trimming section

Second inspection section

Washing section

Hydro extractor section

Drying section

Iron section

Labeling sewing section

Third inspection section

Polly pack section

Carton section

Inspection by buyer

Shipment

Make a list of top ten woven fabrics manufacturer, knit fabric and

sweater manufacturer.

Top ten manufacturers

BASIC QUESTIONS XXIX


30/54


Winner International

Nabaa International

IQSS Associate

Asia Style House Ltd.

International Clothing House

Alize Fashion House

Global Attire

The Apparel Source

S. B. Sourcing Pvt. Ltd

Northfolk Textile

Make a list of price of woven fabrics and knit fabrics at this moment in

the market.

Woven Fabric price list

Style # Description Width Content Sq. Weight Price

8456 WaffleCactus

55/56Open

100%OrganicCotton

3.6 ozs/sq.yd

$5.95

8450 Rush Green 60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

4.7ozs/sq.yd

$5.95

8465 HerringbonePecan

59/60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

7.2 oz/sq.yd

$6.50

8469 Mist Natural 60 open 100%OrganicCotton

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$4.95

8470 Mist Brown 60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$4.95

8471 Mist Green 60open

100%OrganicCotton

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$4.95

8472 SleetNatural

60 open 100%Organic

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$5.95

BASIC QUESTIONS XXX


31/54


Cotton

8473 Sleet Brown 60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$5.95

8474 Sleet Green 60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

4.2 oz/sq.yd

$5.95

8454 SportCanvasCactus

60" Open 100%OrganicCotton

7.9 oz/sq.yd

$5.95

8444 Crepe Pecan 56/57" Open 100%OrganicCotton

4.5 oz/sq.yd

$5.25

8483 Light TwillPecan


3.1 oz/sq.yd

$4.95

9805 WillowNatural


4.9 oz/sq.yd

$4.25

Knit fabric price list

Style # Description Width Content Sq. Weight Price

20790 FlyweightJersey 36" Tubular 100%Organic Cotton 3.6ozs/sq. yd $3.75

20780 LightweightJersey


4.7ozs/sq. yd $4.05

2072-60S Med. Wt.Jersey


5.6 oz/sq. yd $4.65

20390 1 x 1Baby Rib

30" Tubular 100%OrganicCotton

6 oz/sq. yd $4.75

20450 2 x 1 Rib 45" Open 100%OrganicCotton

6.5 oz/sq. yd $4.40

10130ST 1 X 1 Med.Wt. Rib

30" Tubular 100%OrganicCotton

7.5oz/sq. yd $5.25

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXI


32/54


2055 Lt. Wt.Fleece


8.25 oz/sq.yd

$6.00

2080 HeavyThermal


7.5 oz/sq. yd $6.25

73109 MeshThermal


5.4 oz/sq. yd $5.50

What is your idea about apparel industry?

Apparel industry: The transfer of production controls Garment industry. Theglobalization of garment production started earlier and has expanded more than that ofany other factory. The companies have transferred their blue-collar production activitiesfrom high-wage areas to low-cost manufacturing regions in industrializing countries. Theenhancement of communication system and networking has played a key role in thisdevelopment. Export-oriented manufacturing has brought some good returns to theindustrializing nations of Asia and Latin America since the 1960s. The first relocation ofgarment manufacturing took place from North America and Western Europe to Japan inthe 1950s and the early 1960s. But during 1965 and 1983, Japan changed its attention tomore lucrative products like cars, stereos and computers and therefore, 400,000 workerswere dismissed by Japanese textile and clothing industry. In impact, the second stock

transfer of garment manufacturing was from Japan to the Asian Tigers - South Korea,Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore in 1970s. But the tendency of transfer ofmanufacturing did not remain there. The rise in labour charge and activeness of tradeunions were in proportion to the enhancement in economies of the Asian Tigers. Theindustry witnessed a third transfer of manufacturing from 1980s to 1990s; from the AsianTigers to other developing countries - Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia andChina in particular. The final group of exporters including Bangladesh, Srilanka, Pakistanand Vietnam has led the 1990s. But China was leader in the current of the relocation as inless than ten years (after 1980s) China emerged from nowhere to become the world'smajor manufacturer and exporter of clothing.

Write a small history on apparel industry in Bangladesh?

Bangladesh is a developing country. Every year we earn lot foreign exchange though thegarments sector. It has great effect on our country lots of people were found an

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXII


33/54


opportunity to improve their life style by involving in garment sector. Lots of womenworker get employed in garments sector & earn money and able to change their fate. So,it has a great impact in our country. To make this sector more profitable it also need

appropriate guideline.

The first ready-made garment factories in Bangladesh aimed at the export market wereopened in the late 1970s by investors from other Asian countries whose exports had beenrestrained by quotas imposed by importing nations. By the mid-1980s, the ready-madegarment industry had become a strong export earner. Garment exports brought receipts ofonly US$3 million in FY 1981, but by 1984 exports had risen to US$32 million, and thefollowing year revenue soared to US$116 million. For FY 1985 and FY 1986, ready-made garments were the second biggest foreign exchange earner for Bangladesh afterjute. The surge in Bangladeshi exports eventually caused a reaction among someindustrial nations. Canada, the European Economic Community, and the United States

expressed concern that inexpensive Bangladeshi garments were flooding their markets. In1985, after a series of notices as called for by multilateral agreements, the United States--which was the destination of about 25 percent of Bangladesh's garment exports--beganimposing quotas on Bangladeshi garments, one category at a time.

Bangladeshi manufacturers, working with the government, organized with remarkablespeed and efficiency to adapt to changing conditions. They policed themselves to staywithin quotas, allocating production quotas according to equitable criteria, and begandiversifying their production into categories where there were not yet quotas: forexample, cotton trousers, knitwear, dresses, and gloves. After a period of adjustment,during which some of the least well-established firms closed and workers were laid off,

the industry began stabilizing, and growth continued at a more moderate pace. Exports inFY 1986 rose another 14 percent, to US$131 million, and prospects were good forcontinued growth at about that rate.

Write down Industrial Garments Manufacturing Sequence Industrial

Garments Manufacturing Sequence.

Garments manufacturing sequence:

Design Sketch

Pattern Design

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXIII


34/54


Sample Making

Production Pattern

Grading

Marker Making/Lay Planning

Fabric Inspection Fabric Spreading Cutting Inspection

Binding

Sewing Inspection

Iron Finishing

Final Inspection

Packing

Buyer

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXIV


35/54


Write is your idea about management merchandising and negotiation?

Merchandising Management: An industrial unit purchases a variety of items. Some ofthe items are required for manufacturing of the main product, whereas others are requiredfor maintaining the plant and machinery and various support services and activities. Thelist of items purchased by the industrial unit is so large that a very large number ofmerchandisers are required to meet the requirements of the organization. The pertinentquestion at this stage is how to identify the right source for materials required. Rightsource for materials is one of the most important aspects in efficient purchasing. This is

the first step to ensure procurement of the items on time. The latest concept procurementjust in time largely depends on correct and reliable selection of merchandisers, who canbe depended on for supply of right material at competitive prices, at the right time and atthe right place.

Sources of Merchandiser information

The potential sources of survey for merchandisers are:

Trade directories

Regional directories issued by the chamber of commerce

Classified sections of telephone directories

Visit of representatives of various merchandisers

Exhibitions and trade fairs

Issues concerning Merchandiser identification

Some of the issues for consideration at this stage are:

Whether the merchandisers be selected each time of inviting offers or once ayear?

How many merchandisers to be selected? Who would decide on the selection of the merchandisers?

Whether to purchase from local/foreign merchandiser?

Whether to purchase from manufacturer or trade organization?

Whether to purchase form agents?

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXV


36/54


Whether to appoint regional agents?

Negotiation: Negotiation is a dialogue intended to resolve disputes, to produce anagreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or tocraft outcomes to satisfy various interests. It is the primary method of alternative disputeresolution.Negotiation Style: Negotiation styles vary with the person, their beliefs and skills, as

well as the general context in which they occur. Here are a number of differentstyles considered from different viewpoints.

Belief-based styles

There is a common spectrum of negotiation that ranges from collaborative to competitive.

The approach taken is generally based on beliefs about people and how selfish orgenerous they are.

The Spectrum of Negotiation Styles: From concession to competition.

Collaborative Negotiation: Negotiating for win-win.

Competitive Negotiation: Negotiating for win-lose.

Balanced Negotiation: Walking between collaborative and competitivenegotiation.

Professional styles

Professional styles are those uses by people who have a significant element of negotiationin their roles. Here is a selection of different contexts in which such negotiation takesplace.

Industrial relations: Confrontational bargaining.

Managing Board: Together and competing.

International: Diplomatic dancing.

Political: Scheming horse-trading.

Selling and Buying: Professional sellers and buyers.

Hostage: Emotional big-stakes exchanges.Contextual styles

Negotiation often happens within non-professional contexts, where the people either donot know that they are negotiating or they are not skilled at it.

Domestic: Discussions and arguments at home.

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXVI


37/54


Everyday: Everybody, every day, negotiates.

Hierarchical: Parent-child, boss-subordinate, etc.Remote Negotiation: Negotiating at a distance.

What is your idea about difference between marketing and sales?

Marketing and sales:

Marketing is everything that you do to reach and persuade prospects. The sales process iseverything that you do to close the sale and get a signed agreement or contract. Both arenecessities to the success of a business. You cannot do without either process. By

strategically combining both efforts you will experience a successful amount of businessgrowth. However, by the same token if the efforts are unbalanced it can detour yourgrowth.

Your marketing will consists of the measures you use to reach and persuade yourprospects that you are the company for them. It's the message that prepares the prospectfor the sales. It consists of advertising, public relations, brand marketing, viral marketing,and direct mail.

The sales process consists of interpersonal interaction. A one-on-one meeting, cold calls,and networking often do it. It's anything that engages you with the prospect or customeron a personal level rather than at a distance.Your marketing efforts begin the process of the eight contacts that studies show it takesto move a prospect or potential client to the close of the sale. If marketing is doneeffectively you can begin to move that prospect from a cold to a warm lead. When theprospect hitsthe"warm" level it's much easier for the sales professional to close the sale.

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXVII


38/54


How do you write first mail to buyer to explain your business so that

you can create an interest in the mind of new buyer?

First email to buyer for business development:

December 8, 2011.

Manager MarketingPrime Company Ltd.USA.

Sub: BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT .

Dear Sir,

We are one of the requested garments exporter. We are exporting many types ready

made garments. We are in the position to have business from buyer in USA, Europe. We

are pleased attach brief company profile and list of product along with photograph.

It will be highly appreciated if you look into our profile and product. If we get the

business then you also get the business for a long time.

So we are anxiously by writing feed back.

Sincerely,

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXVIII


39/54


Signature

----------------------------

(Bindu Paul)Marketing Manager.garments ltd.

What are the different types of sample? Write down short note on each

sample?

Sample is a specimen or we can say a part which shows what the whole is look like. Inapparel industry sample is the physical form of the buyers style.

Different types of sample:

Proto Sample Approval Sample

Fit Sample

Size set Sample

Reference Sample

Offer Sample

Salesman Sample

Photo Sample

Pre Production Sample

Production sample

Shipment Sample

Proto Sample: Proto sample is the initial sample made by the manufacturer as per as thedetails of the export order, and send to the buyer, to check weather the styling of thegarment is ok as per the requirement of the buyer. Proto Sample can be made inalternative fabric & accessories, which is not with the original fabric and accessories.That is as per the sketch & space in the production order (P.O) sheet).

Approval sample: The manufacturing must produce sample prior to communication ofthe mass scale production of a particular style. The number of samples required, varyfrom buyer to buyer. Most of the time buyers ask for 3-5 samples from the manufacturer.When constructing these samples the manufactures instruction should be followed.

The original patterns, original sample & the specification are required to produce thesesamples. After constructing these samples manufacturer should send them to the buyer orto the agents to get the approval for the mass production. There are two main types ofapproval samples and they are known as:

BASIC QUESTIONS XXXIX


40/54


Fit approval samples

Size series samples.

When an order is placed and confirmed, the manufacturer has to produce samples for thebuyer. The buyer generally gives the required size of the samples. If the size of samples isnot given the middle size of the order range is taken as the appropriate size. That is if anorder is given for a range of sizes, then the sample garment is made from the middle size.The samples produce for the given size or the middle sizes of the order are known as fitapproval samples. The buyers approve once fit approval samples, request for samples inall the sizes of the order before the mass production starts. Then they are in a position tosee the quality of the samples of all size of the order. These samples are known as sizeseries samples. Even if there is no such request from the buyer, it is batter to produce tosize series samples for use within the factory. Then they can identify the problem thatmight occur, when they produce different size in the mass production.Fit Sample: Fit Sample is made by the manufacture (exporter) and sends to the buyer, tocheck if the fittings of the garments are ok or not as per the requirement of the Buyer.Unusually the Fit sample is made in alternative Fabric & accessories & it is made, whichever comes at the middle of the export order sizes. For example: If the export order sizesare, S, M&L, and the Fit Sample will be in M size.

Size Set Sample: Size set sample contains all the size of the export order contains sizessmall, medium, large size. Then the size set is sample will contain all the size, the sampleS are made by grading the M size sample. Alternative fabric & accessories can make thisSample.

PP Sample (Pre Production sample): original fabric & Accessories make PP Sample,and this sample is made just before the Bulk production. This sample represents theoriginal garment to be made in Bulk production. The buyer checks the PP samples &after the Buyer gives approval on PP sample, and then only the manufacture goes for bulkproduction of the export order. PP sample should include all the colors of the style.

Production Sample: Production Sample is taken from production unit, by the bulkproduction is continuing, production sample represents the original production pieces tobe exported to Buyer. Usually the exporter send production sample to Buyer once only,during the Bulk production, But in some cases where the export order quantity is largeenough for single style for example incase of Buyer Wal-Mart, The production sampleswere sent three times during the Bulk production. First Sample sent during 20% to 30%of Bulk production. Second fit sample during 50% to 60% of Bulk production Thirdproduction sample during 70% to 80% of Bulk Production.

BASIC QUESTIONS XL


41/54


Reference Sample: Reference purpose when produce the extra sample is called referencesample. When we produce the approval sample then we have to produce an extra samplefor reference purposes in the factory, Reference sample is also called keep sample. After

getting the approval from buyer, the reference sample can be released for massproduction. When releasing the reference sample for mass production all this commentmade by agents and or by the buyer must be attached clearly to the reference samples.The sample kept in the sample department until getting the approval from the buyers afterinspecting the approval samples.

Offer Samples: If the factory wants to attract new buyers, they have to be won byshowing samples of garments that the manufacturer can offer. For this purpose theyproduce on their own, samples of new designs. These samples are known as offersamples. The ultimate objective of producing these offer samples are to attract newbuyers to find new markets.

Shipment Sample: This Sample the manufacture keeps with them, covering all sizes &colors of the style of garments they exported. It is for the reference pieces, just to keeprecord for future reference.

What are the steps handle by followed at the time of sending sample?

Step:

At first make proto sample/development sample

Buyer comments

Fit sample

Buyer comments

Salesman sample (SMS)

Buyer comments

If sales man sample ok then order quantity confirm

BASIC QUESTIONS XLI


42/54


Then price negotiation

If price negotiation ok then starting production

So we can understand that

Sales man sample: If any order confirm then buyer want to sales man sample. At firstdevelopment stages then buyer comments (if any one change buyer tell). Mainlysalesman sample depend on buyer. We know that two types of seller;

Home seller: home seller does not want to salesman sample.

Seal seller: seal seller want to sales man sample.

Mainly salesman sample depend on bulk quantity. So first stage six pies salesman samplegive the buyer. Then buyers those sample show their shopping mall. If this sampleattraction to customer then buyer confirm the order quantity, that is called salesmansample.

What is the cost factor included in cnf and fob price?

FOB - Freight on Board (named port of shipment):

Means the seller completes his obligation to deliver when the goods pass over the shipsrail at the named port of shipment. The critical points worth noting are:

Carriage to be arranged by the buyer

Risk transfer from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail

Cost transfer from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail

CNF - Cost & Freight (named port of destination):

The seller must pay the cost and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port ofdestination. The critical points worth noting are:

Carriage to be arranged by the seller

Risk transfer from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail

BASIC QUESTIONS XLII


43/54


Cost transfer at the port of destination, buyer paying such costs as are not for thesellers account under the contract of carriage

Write down consumption formula both of knit and woven garment?

Knit garments consumption:

For, T-shirt {(S/J) 30/1 combed yarn}

Measurement: -

Length = 70 cm

chest = 60 cm / dia

Sleeve length = 25 cm

Arm hole width = 40 cm

GSM = 145

Consumption / Dz in Kg

Formula: -

(Back length + sleeve length) chest 2 GSM 12

10000000

= {(70 +5) + (25 +5)} 60 2 145 12 {B.L + S.L chest GSM 12}

10000000 100 100 1000

= 2.28 kg + 7%

= 2.28 kg +0.159

= 2.439 kg [neck and sleeve are made rib so add 0.10]

All time collar in rib = (350-400)

Consumption Calculation for a Long Sleeve Shirt (Woven):

For a long sleeve shirt:

BASIC QUESTIONS XLIII


44/54


Spec. Sheet:

Collar = 16"

Chest = 48"Center back length = 31"Sleeve length = 34.5"Drop shoulder = 21"(yoke)Arm hole depth (1/2) = 10.5"Cuff = 9"Pocket = 6" 5.5"Yoke is all time = 4"

[Area means- L W]Back part:

Formula:(Center back length + allowance) ( chest + allowance) / 36

{L} {W}44

= (31" + 2") (24" + 2) /3644

= 0.541yds

Yoke:

Formula:(Yoke length + allowance) (yoke width + allowance) / 36

44= (21" + 4") (4"+ 1") / 36

44= 0.079 yds

Front part:

Formula:(Body length + allowance) ( chest + allowance) 2 /36

44= [{31"- 1 " + 1"} { 12" + 2 " }] 2" /36

44= 0.562 yds

BASIC QUESTIONS XLIV


45/54


Sleeve:

Formula:(Sleeve length + allowance) (arm hole depth full + allowance) 2 / 36

44= {sleeve length ( drop shoulder + ") (arm hole depth + allowance)} 2 /36

44= [{34 " - 11"} +1"] {21" +1"} 2 /36

44= 0.68yds

Cuff:

Formula:(Cuff length + allowance) (cuff width + allowance) 2 / 36

44= (9" + 3") (2 " + " ) 2 /36

44= 0.05yds

Collar:

Formula:(Collar length + allowance) (collar width + allowance) 2 /36

44= (collar length + allowance) (collar width + allowance) 4 / 36

44= (16" + 5") (2" +1") 4/36

44= 0.159yds

Pocket:

Formula:(Pocket length + allowance) (pocket width +allowance) / 36

44= (6" +2") (5" +1") /36

44= 0.032yds

Total consumption for one garment = 0.541+0.079+0.562+0.68+0.05+0.159+0.032= 2.100 yds/ per garment

BASIC QUESTIONS XLV


46/54


Per dz= 2.100 12= 25.20/dz (ypd) + 5%= {25.20 5 / 100} + 25.20

= 1.26 + 25.20= 26.46yds

Write down consumption of cartoon & sewing thread?

Consumption of cartoon:

Cartoon is different types like- 3 ply, 5 ply, 7 ply, 9 ply.Consumption of Cartoon:Length = 38 cmWidth = 29 cmHeight = 12 cm(Length + Width + 5) x (Width + Height + 5) x 2 10,000= (38 +29 + 5) x (29 + 12 +5) x 2 10,000= 0.67 Mitre.

Sewing Thread Consumption:

Sewing thread consumption depend on bellow things-

Stitch Type

SPI

Fabrics Type/Gsm Needle Gap/Distance

SLNO:

NAME OF MACHINE CONSUMPTION OFTHREAD

1. Plain Machine 2.5

2. Two Niddle Machine 5

3. Over Lock (3 thread) 13.5



6. Flat Lock (3 thread) 16.75

7. Flat Lock (5 thread) 22.58. Bar tack 7

9 Feed of the Arm 7(For 1 Niddle) 14(For 2Niddle)

10. Kansai 7 (For 1 Niddle)

BASIC QUESTIONS XLVI


47/54


11. Button Attach 3 (For 2 Eye)

12. Button Attach 6 (For 4 Eye)

13. Button Hole 7

Draw a diagram on flow chart of activates of merchandising.

Diagram of activities of merchandising

BASIC QUESTIONS XLVII

PREPARE

DETAILED T&A

FABRIC ORDERING FIT CYCLETRIM ORDERING

FABRIC PO,

PI, LC

PILOT YARDAGE IN-

HOUSE

INSPECTION

SHRINKAGE TEST

BULK IN-HOUSE

INSPECTIONTEST REPORTS

TRIM PO,

PI

BULK IN-HOUSE


FIT

APPROVAL

SIZE SET &

SEALER SAMPLE

APPROVAL

PRE-PRODUCTION MEETING

ALL DEPARTMENTS

ADVISED OF THE

T&A

RECEIPT OF ORDER

PILOT RUN APPROVAL

BULK

CUTTING

SEWING

FINISHING

PACKING

FINAL AUDIT

SHIPMENT OF GOODS

AUDITS DONE AT

VARIOUS STAGESOF PRODUCTION,

TOP/PRS

SAMPLES SENT

TO BUYER AS PER

REQUIREMENTS.

PREPARE

DETAILED T&A

FABRIC ORDERING FIT CYCLETRIM ORDERING

FABRIC PO,

PI, LC

PILOT YARDAGE IN-

HOUSE

INSPECTION

SHRINKAGE TEST

BULK IN-HOUSE


TRIM PO,

PI

BULK IN-HOUSE


FIT

APPROVAL

SIZE SET &

SEALER SAMPLE

APPROVAL

PRE-PRODUCTION MEETING

ALL DEPARTMENTS

ADVISED OF THE

T&A

RECEIPT OF ORDER

PILOT RUN APPROVAL

BULK

CUTTING

SEWING

FINISHING

PACKING

FINAL AUDIT

SHIPMENT OF GOODS

AUDITS DONE AT

VARIOUS STAGESOF PRODUCTION,

TOP/PRS

SAMPLES SENT

TO BUYER AS PER

REQUIREMENTS.


48/54


What is your idea about PO, PI, M L/C, BB/C, and bill of lading,

consolidators bill of lading?

PO (purchase order):This is a legal document stating the quantity, delivery, price,style no, buyer, vendor details. On receipt of a PO it is very important that themerchandiser checks all details and confirms that they are correct like quantity, deliverydate, and price, style no, style description, color no & reference if mentioned, shipmentmode, shipment port, vendor address, buyer address.

PI: the exporting company usually issues the proforma invoice before the actualtransaction takes place. This is especially prevalent in Third World countries that havedemonstrated previous balance of payment problems and where there is a need to obtainimport and foreign exchange permits from the local government. To be effective there are

several very important things that the proforma invoice must cover. Of course the mostimportant issue is a very accurate description of the particular item to be exported. It isnot OK to send an invoice that says 10 tons of beans; the customers wants to know whatkind of beans they are and are they Imperial tons or metric tons. By the same token youcould send someone an invoice that states flash frozen cod, packed in clear plastic bags,not labeled for resale and be just fine. As long as the customer knew in advance of thelack of labeling if there were any issues the problems would be his. The proforma invoicemust also state the type of currency that is acceptable as a form of payment and how it isto be paid. An example of this might be payment for the flash frozen fish is to be made inRupees and the balance owed must be paid within 30 days from the date the receipt fordelivery is signed. In other words it is up to the exporter to make his payment desires

known up front to make sure there is no confusion.

Bill Of Lading (BIL):

It is a major document if the goods are dispatched by sea.

The document represents:

1. A formal receipt for the goods

2. The evidence of the contract of carriage of the goods between the shipperof the goods and the shipping company

A bill of lading may include the following details:

A description of the goods in general terms not inconsistent with that in the letterof credit

BASIC QUESTIONS XLVIII


49/54


Identifying marks and numbers, if any

The name of the carrying vessel

Evidence that the goods have been loaded on board The ports of shipment and discharge

The names of shipper, consignee (if not made out "to order"), and name andaddress of the "notifies" party if any

Whether freight has been paid in advance or is payable at destination

The number of original bills of lading issued

The date of issue

The departure date of carrying vessel or aircraft

Letter of Credit (L/C): A letter of credit (also known as documentary credit) is adocument issued by a bank on behalf of an applicant (the buyer) undertaking to make

payment to a beneficiary (the seller) up to a stated amount of money, within a prescribedtime limit and against stipulated documents.There are usually two banks involved in a letter of credit operation. The issuing bank isthe bank of the buyer and issues the credit; the advising bank, usually located in theseller's country, is the bank through which the advising bank sends the credit to thebeneficiary.

Commercial Invoice: A commercial invoice is a business document which records thesale of goods or services between two parties, and by which the seller informs thebuyer of the amount to be paid for the goods. Usually, the original and four copiesare stipulated in the L/C.

A commercial invoice normally includes the following information:

Date and authorized signature

The correct name and address of both buyer and seller (or the name of theconsignee if the goods are not consigned to buyer)

A detailed description of the merchandise purchased strictly corresponding withthe description given in the letter of credit, along with quantity, unit price, andtotal price, all deductions and additional charges included in the price

Weight of the goods, number of packages, any identifying shipping marks, any

import license number, contract number or any other details requested andstipulated in the L/C

Terms of delivery and payment (FOB, CIF, C&F)

The name of the issuing bank and the letter of credit number

The port of entry for which the merchandise is destined

BASIC QUESTIONS XLIX


50/54


The type of currency and rate of exchange

Draw a diagram operational procedure in chittagong for garments

export.

1. Preparation for Shipment:

As a first step towards fulfillment of his obligation to deliver the goods no time, theexporter should check the terminal date of the shipment stipulation in the order and theexpiry date of the L/C if any, if it is found that the time allowed is insufficient to makethe shipment, the exporter should immediately request the buyer for an extension of theexpiry date. In a C & F or C.I.F contract, the exporter assumes the entire responsibility ofarranging shipment to the importers country and he can conveniently use the services toa forwarding agent to arrange the shipment and also to attend to other ancillary workshould he so wish.

2. Export by Sea:

In most cases exports from Bangladesh take place by sea and the steps involved inshipping goods by sea are usually following:

Booking of shipping space.

Packing.

Shipping Instruction.

Customs Formalities.

Storage of export Cargo.

Payment of port charge. Freight Payment.

Loading of Export Cargo.

Containerization.

Bill of Lading.

3. Air Freight

4. Cargo Insurance: Where the exporter has contracted to exported the goods on a C.I.Fbasis he will be responsible for insurance of the goods against marine losses, lossesincident to marine adventure, insuring goods against marine losses is important because it

protects the exporter from possible loss or damage to the goods arising during the selleror the buyer has taken a marine insurance policy.

BASIC QUESTIONS L


51/54


5. Forwarding Agent: Irrespective of whether the exporter needs to ship the goods bysea, air or by any other mode of transport the following steps are commonly followed inpacing the goods on board the carrier.

Booking the space.

Packing the goods.

Making the shipping marks.

Shipping instructions to the carriers.

Customs clearance.

Payment of the port charges

What is your idea about C&F?

C&F (cost and freight):The seller/supplier agrees to contract the freight and pay "cost

and freight" for loading the goods, cleared for export, on board a vessel and the chargesto ship the goods to destination. The buyer bears the risk of the goods from the time theypass the ship's rail at the port of shipment and pay for the insurance coverage, and for theunloading costs at the port of destination

What are the different types of containers in forms of size and kinds?

Chittagong port is a principal seaport of Bangladesh. Handling about 92% of importexport of tread of the country.

CCT-handing capacit6y 6.488 tucks. Quay length 450m

CFS- 12700 sq m

Container storage yard- 15000 sq m

ICD- An land container depart

Dhaka is in operation since 1987 with arrival handling capacity 80000 tucks

NCT- New moorning container terminal.

NCT- is the port adjacent to existing container terminal CCT.

Present handled volume is over 30 million. Metric tons inclusive more than 100 milliontucks per year.

BASIC QUESTIONS LI


52/54


Container handling both import & export per year 2009-2009, 557891 TUE 8169677tons export.

APL provided Global container transportation services

TUE twenty foot equivalent unit

Container size -20. 40. 54. 48. 53.

High wbe 80Length=20, width=8 weinght=8.5Area-16 miles

Types of container: -

1. Refrigerated container

2. Insulated shipping container

3. Tank container for bulk goods.

4. High cube pallet wide container.

5. Ventilated container for organic product.

Basically imports export goods from Colombia sreelonka, Singapore, cew Malaysia port

by feeder vessel. Chittagong port only for feeder vassal.Last year 2088 feeder vessel sailing.

BASIC QUESTIONS LII


53/54


What is your idea about data bank of supply chain department?

CS: Those following items are required of comparative statement (CS) related withdifferent suppliers for fabric and accessories;

Quality.

Shipment.

Price.

Negotiation

Timely

Communication.

Service

Previous activities.

Data bank;

PI after order conform.

Commercial - L/C to export.

Invoice.

BASIC QUESTIONS LIII


54/54


Work order given.

Just payment by L/C.

Date and time.

Payment terms and condition.

How do you write an email to suppliers for price and sample?

Letter of request for price and sample:

December 8, 2011.

Manager (Marketing)

Prime Company Ltd.

71 New York, USA.

Sub: REQUIEST FOR PRICE AND FABBRIC SAMPLE.

Dear Sir,

We need fabric sample and also price of S/J as we have already received a high order

from one of our requited buyer. It is important to have quality fabric, because buyer is

looking for quality to ensure reputation of its brand name.

I will be highly appreciated if you sent sample immediately.

Sincerely,

basic important

Documents