Basic formulas and functions

Adding a formula to a worksheet

*Instead of entering the actual cell values the cell references are entered.

Type the following in Microsoft excel starting at A4:

Purchases Apples Oranges melons Pears Jan 20 35 36 25Feb 30 56 12 48Mar 50 24 45 48Totals

Instruction:

*Use formulas to work out the totals fruit sold for the three month*Use formulas to calculate the total fruit purchased for each month

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

1

Class exercise: Absolute and relative cell address

Type the following in Microsoft Excel in starting at A4:

Information key

Monthly delivery costs 65

Estimated annual profit 12

Estimated weekly profit 52

Month Stock sold Profit Estimated annual profit Estimated weekly profit

January 450February 365March 257 April 478May 147June 487July 789

Instruction:

* Use formula to calculate the profit for each month by subtracting 65 from the stock sold.

* Use formula to calculate the estimated annual profit by multiplying the profit for each month by 12

* Use formula to calculate the estimated weekly profit by dividing the estimated annual profit by 52

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

2

Class exercise: Formulas

Use Microsoft Excel to type the following starting at 4A:

The Fruit Store

Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Melons 367Apples 8389Mandarins 2441Grapefruit 2547Kiwi Fruit 3257Pears 2973Pineapples 690Oranges 5871Total

Instructions

*Merge and centre the heading: “The Fruit Store”

Use formulas to do the following:

*The figures for QTR2 are twice QTR1

*The figures for QTR3 are found by subtracting $200 from the figures of QTR2

*The figures for QTR4 are found by dividing the figures of QTR3 from figures of QTR1

*Use formulas to find the total for each fruit for each quarter.

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

3

Pre-defined Functions

SUM - the SUM function can be used to calculate the sum of number of values e.g. =SUM (range)

AVERAGE - THE AVERAGE OF A RANGE OF numbers is calculated by first adding together all the values of the range and then dividing it the number of item in the range The Average function can be used to calculate the average of range of number of values.

e.g. =AVERAGE (range)

MIN - the MIN function is used to find the minimum value in a range. e.g. =MIN (range)

MAX - the MAX function is used to find the maximum value in a range. e.g. =MAX (range)

COUNT - the COUNT function tells you how many cells in the selected range contain numeric values e.g. =COUNT (range)

COUNTA - the COUNTA FUNCTION counts all the cells in a range that contain data either numeric or text.

e.g. =COUNTA (range)

SQRT - The Square root function finds the square root of a number. The square root of number is found by multiplying the number by itself.

e.g. =SQRT (number)

Use Microsoft Excel to type the following starting at A4:

Name of Students Total marks in Subjects Student’s MATH ENGLISH POA POA Total Average markNewton 100 25 47 80Lopez 45 90 54 78Barrel 80 98 87 90McDonald 3 45 52 71Stapleton 90 50 80 98Total

Subject’s Minimum markMaximum markAverage mark Number of Student in Class

*use formulas to work out the above.

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

4

COPYING FORMULAS

Absolute and relative cell addresses

When you are copying formulas in a spreadsheet, it's important to understand the concepts of absolute and relative cell addresses.

Relative formulas will change relatively to the cell address when copied into other cells

Absolute formulas will contain a cell address that does not change. THE CELL ADDRESS THAT DOES NOT CHANGE IS KNOWN AS THE ABSOLUTE CELL. To make a row or column absolute, you should had a $ before the row or column e.g. $B$3

Type the following in Microsoft Excel starting at A4:

Sales performance bonus

Bonus 10%Rate paid $1000

Hours worked Salary Bonus Software Sales Bonus-figure

Jim Myers 10 50,000Sally King 45 65,200Tom Moore 87 36,781

Salary = hours worked * rate paidBonus = salary * bonus

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

5

Exercise on Basic formulas and functions

Name of Student: ________________________

Grade: _________________________________

Please answer all questions

1. A cell reference in a formula is called:

□ An operator □ an argument □ a function □ a result □ a series

2.

3.

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

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4. Select the formula that will calculate the average required for the selected cell.

5.

6.

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

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THE IF FUNCTION

An IF function carries out a logical test for a condition that you specify.

If that condition is met, the function returns one value; if it is not met, then it returns a different value.

If functions are often referred to as logical functions because they use logical operators such as > or < to test if a value is true or false.

Example

IF the weather is cold, eat inside, otherwise eat outside

IF function

=IF (logical test, value if true, value if false)=If (weather is cold, eat inside, eat outside)

*use the If function to calculate the bonus figure for each sales representative. IF the software sales are more than 50000 then the bonus figure returns "bonus", otherwise it should return "no bonus"

Sales performance bonus

Bonus 10%Rate paid $1000

Hours worked Salary Bonus Software Sales Bonus-figure

Jim Myers 10 50,000Sally King 45 65,200Tom Moore 87 36,781

Computer StudiesTutor-Maulton R. T. Campbell [2009]

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