basic aspects of open access

Basic aspects of Open Access

Pascal-Nicolas Becker | University Library of TU Berlin | DWZ Round Table OA | Cairo, 22.07.2015

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Agenda

1. The Idea of Open Access

Scholarly communication and electronic publishing

Open Access declarations

2. Open Access Basics

Green Road & Golden Road

3. Access to Open Access publications

Basic aspects of Open Access | Pascal-Nicolas Becker | DWZ Roundtable OA | Cairo, 22.07.2015

Slide 2

The Idea of Open Access


Slide 3

Standing on the shoulders of giants

“Bernard of Chartres used to compare us to [puny] dwarfs

perched on the shoulders of giants. He pointed out that we

see more and farther than our predecessors, not because

we have keener vision or greater height, but because we are

lifted up and borne aloft on their gigantic stature.”

John of Salisbury: Metalogicon 3,4,46-50

“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of

giants.”

Isaac Newton

(both quotes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_on_the_shoulders_of_giants)


Slide 4

Library of Congress, Rosenwald 4, Bl. 5r, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Library_of_Congress,_Rosenwald_4,_Bl._5r.jpg

Research Data Lifecycle


Slide 5

xxx.lanl.org / ArXiv.org

Source: Paul Ginsparg, First Steps Towards Electronic Research Communication. In: Computer in Physics, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1994, pp. 390-396.

Image with kind permission of Paul Ginsparg.

“In my own community of high-energy

theoretical physics, the rapid acceptance of

electronic communication of research

information was facilitated by a pre-existing

‘preprint culture’, in which the irrelevance of

refereed journals to ongoing research has

long been recognized.

[…] technological advances – combined with

a remarkable lack of initiative on the part of

conventional journals in response to the

electronic revolution – rendered the

development of e-print archives ‘an accident

waiting to happen.’”

Paul Ginsparg 1994


Slide 6

Digital Repositories

Source: The Directory of Open Access Repositories,http://www.opendoar.org, retrieved June 06, 2014.

Repositories are systems to safely store

and publish digital objects and their

descriptive metadata.

Not in the meaning of software repositories.

Examples:

• Digital archives

• Institutional repositories (OA preprints &

postprints, theses, grey literature, …)

• Digital image libraries

• Research data repositories

• …

More than 2500 Open Access repositories

worldwide.


Slide 7

Open Access Declarations

Budapest Open Access

Initiative: Budapest

Declaration

Feb 2002

Bethesda Statement on Open Access

Publishing

June 2003

Berlin Declaration on

Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences

and Humanities

Oct 2003


Slide 9

http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

http://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4725199

http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berlin-Declaration

Budapest Open Access Initiative

“By ‘open access’ to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet,

permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full

texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use

them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than

those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on

reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to

give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly

acknowledged and cited.”

http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read


Slide 10

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing

1. The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable,

worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit

and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any

digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of

authorship[2], as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their

personal use.

2. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the

permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited

immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported

by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-

established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution,

interoperability, and long-term archiving (for the biomedical sciences, PubMed Central

is such a repository).http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm


Slide 11

http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm#note2

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the

Sciences and Humanities

For the first time ever, the Internet now offers the chance to constitute a global and interactive

representation of human knowledge, including cultural heritage and the guarantee of worldwide

access. […]

1. Open access contributions must satisfy two conditions: The author(s) and right holder(s) of such

contributions grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, right of access to, and a license to

copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative

works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of

authorship […] as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.

2. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission

as stated above, in an appropriate standard electronic format is deposited (and thus published) in

at least one online repository […] that is supported and maintained by an academic institution,

scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable

open access, unrestricted distribution, inter operability, and long-term archiving.

http://openaccess.mpg.de/Berliner-Erklaerung


Slide 12

What is Open Access all about?

Open Access is a publishing model

It does not completely change the scholarly communication, it just lowers barriers

OA is not per se indicator on quality

Just like in closed access world:

publishers and editors have to ensure quality

Open Access is the idea of free and accessible human knowledge

Free in the sense of no charge

Free in the sense of free licenses

Free in the sense of no technical barriers (as far as possible)


Slide 13

Benefits of Open Access

Increasedvisibility and

citationadvantage

Free accessto publiclyfinancedresearchresults

Authors retain

exploitation rights

Goodfindability by

searchengines &

otherindexingservices

Promoteinternational

and inter-disciplinarycooperation

Promote research

efficiency by rapid

discussion of research

results

Improvedsupply of

information& responseto serials

crisis

Slide 14


Open Access Basics


Slide 15

Copyright protection (within Germany)

• Author = creator of a work

• Only natural persons (creators) can claim full copyright

• vs. rights holder: natural or legal personWHO

• Protection of original works

• Ideas, concepts etc. are not protectable

• Work = intellectually created by a natural person (§ 2 UrhG)WHAT

• Protected by law

• No further registration necessary (in contrast to patents, trademarks, logosetc.)

• Copyright term: 70 years after the creator‘s death

HOW


Slide 16

Transfer of rights

• Rights of use can be transfered (§ 31 UrhG)

• … for each type of use individually

• … limited in time (e.g. timespan of 5 years)

• … geographically limited (e.g. distribution within Europe)

• … as exclusive or non-exclusive right

Exploitationrights

• Rights holder can use the work exclusively

• Even creator has to obtain rights for further use(s)Exclusive

• Rights holder can use the work

• Creator can transfer non-exclusive rights to different (natural or legal) persons

Non-exclusive


Slide 17

CC in a nutshell

Non-profit organization

Founded in 2001 in USA

Version 1.0 of licenses released in 2002

Licenses developed in the US

Intended for international use

License modules evolved over the years

Latest version is 4.0 of 2013

Main idea: make licensing easy

Simple way to transfer rights

Only CC-BY complies with demands to re-use Open Access works!


Slide 18

Two ways of Open Access

Green Road In addition to traditional closed access

publication

Deposit on

Institutional repository

Disciplinary repository

Usually no transfer of further rights to

public (restricted re-use)

Dependant on rights holder‘s policy

Embargo?

Version?

Golden Road Publishing with „Open Access

publishers“

Access to peer reviews version

Immediately

Online

Worldwide

Free of cost

Transfer of rights to public

Copy

Share

Distribute

Derivate


Slide 19

Green and Golden Roads towards Open Access


Slide 20

Graphic: Anton Katzer

Insitutional repositories, ...

https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/


Slide 21

... cross-institutional and/or disciplinary repository

And many more:

Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) http://www.opendoar.org

Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR) http://roar.eprints.org/

Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data) http://re3data.org/

https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin/home

https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/

http://www.opendoar.org/

http://roar.eprints.org/

http://re3data.org/

Open Access publishers

And many more

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) http://doaj.org/

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAB) http://www.doabooks.org/


Slide 22

http://doaj.org/

http://www.doabooks.org/

Business and publication models

Publication types

Journals, series, monographs, …

Publishing models

E-only, hybrid

OA is not free of cost

Business models e.g.

Article processing charge (APC)

Membership models

Institutional sponsorship

Subscription fees for hybrid model


Slide 23

Recommendations for authors

• Check out OA alternatives in your discipline

• Ask library or program manager for help

• Be aware of the benefits OA gives you

Publish Open Access!

• Proper licensing (CC-BY)

• Professional publisherGo Gold OA!

• Read publishing contracts & negotiate terms

• Retain rights to self-archive

• Keep post prints

Gold OA not possible? Go Green OA!


Slide 24

Access to

Open Access publications


Slide 25

xxx.lanl.org / ArXiv.org

Source: Paul Ginsparg, First Steps Towards Electronic Research Communication. In: Computer in Physics, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1994, pp. 390-396.

“Although the WorldWideWeb still

represents only a small fraction of the

overall usage, this access mode is expected

to become dominant in the near future.”

Paul Ginsparg 1994


Slide 26

Internet = distributed network

Many Open Access platforms, many repositories, but:

Open Access is a publishing model, not a complete change of scholarly communication

Open Access Journals are still “journals”

Managers of Open Access platforms want their content to be found

The Internet is huge, but we have search engines and aggregator services

Most library discovery systems may include a OA publications automatically


Slide 27

Search engine for academic

literature from Google

http://scholar.google.com

Search enginge for academic

literature from Microsoft

http://academic.research.microsoft.com

62,5m records

out of >3000 sources

http://www.base-search.net

30m records from >1500

organisations (run by OCLC)

http://oaister.worldcat.com

9900 Open Access Journals http://doaj.org

Registry of OA repositories

(actually >2500)

http://www.opendoar.org

Registry of Research Data

Repositories (>1000)

http://www.re3data.org

Services to find and use Open Access


Slide 28

Actual topics

Find ways to support scholars in OA Publishing (e.g. APC funds)

Open APC: Article Process Charge made transparent (http://github.com/OpenAPC/)

Research Data: If we share publications, why don‘t we share the resources (data, software, …)

behind the publications? Why are we still missing recognition for „data publications“?

Linked Data: Export repository contents to the Semantic Web. How can it be used elsewhere?

And still: Convince authors of Open Access, create awareness, …


Slide 29

http://github.com/OpenAPC/

Services of TU Berlin


Slide 30

Provide advice regarding all questions of archiving and publication of

research data and scholarly publications.

Repository for Open Access publications and electronic PhD and habilitation

theses. Will be merged together with DepositOnce.

System to run Open Access journals.

University Press and Open Access Publisher. Produces digital and

hybrid publications, giving advice regarding Open Access and publications.

Repository for research data and publications. Will be merged together with

the „Digital Repository“ (see OPUS).

Additonal Credits

I reused several slides from my colleague Michaela Voigt and her great presentation “Open

Access 101”, http://de.slideshare.net/UB_TU_Berlin/oaipodi20150615, also licensed under

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Slide 8, “What Is the Problem?” graphic, content by Jill Cirasella / graphic design by Les LaRue,

http://www.leslarue.com/, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0

Unported License


Slide 31

http://de.slideshare.net/UB_TU_Berlin/oaipodi20150615

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

http://www.leslarue.com/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US

Technische Universität Berlin

Universitätsbibliothek

Pascal-Nicolas Becker

[email protected]

Servicezentrum Forschungsdaten und -publikationen

http://www.szf.tu-berlin.de

Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin

http://www.verlag.tu-berlin.de

Repositories

DepositOnce: http://depositonce.tu-berlin.de

OPUS: http://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-tuberlin


Slide 32

basic aspects of open access

Presentations & Public Speaking