basic art and science of ancient wing chun

8/16/2019 Basic Art and Science of Ancient Wing Chun

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Basic Art

andScience of

Ancient

Wing ChunKuen

Thesis: 6 13 3

Rajesh Singh


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BASIC ART AND SCIENCE OF ANCIENT WING CHUN KUEN

Thesis

By Rajesh Singh

March 2016

Contents Page

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………....................2

Chapter 1: Physical Element…………………………………………………………………………………….6

Chapter 2: Mind Element…………………………………………………………………………………………7

Chapter 3: Breathing Element………………………………………………………………………………….9

Chapter 4: Qi Element…………………………………………………………………………………………….11

Chapter 5: Strength Element…………………………………………………………………………………..13

Chapter 6: Momentum Element……………………………………………………………………………..16

Balanced Living……………………………………………………………………………………………………….18

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20

6 13 3 Model…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21


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Introduction

The 6 13 3 is a comprehensive analytical tool which allows one to test, verify and experience

the concepts of Ancient Chinese Internal Arts. The 6 13 3 serves as a guide built for practice

in order to experience these concepts in a simple, step-by-step and systematic way. It can

therefore be used as a litmus test for checking the validity of any Ancient Chinese Internal

Art.

As the name suggests it uses a platform of 6 Core Elements, 13 States and 3 System Keys in

order to identify and develop the concepts. The 6 core elements are the foundational core

concepts they are as follows:

1. Physical Element色身

2. Mind Element心

3. Breathing Element气（呼吸）

4. Qi Element脈（真氣流)

5. Strength Element力劲

6. Momentum Element势

Internal Systems such as Qigong, Tai Ji, spiritual meditation and healing systems of various

kinds can all be analysed and verified using 6 13 3 model. It is proven that all completeAncient Chinese Internal Arts have a common structure which consists of 2 parts; the Body

体(Ti) and the Application用(Yong). The Body of the Art consists of the first 4 core elements

and the Application of the Art consists of the last 2 core elements. Thus the 6 13 3 tool

allows one to test that the 6 Core Elements exist in any art that may claim to be an Ancient

Chinese Internal Art.

The 6 core elements are further broken down into the 13 states. The 13 states represent the

detailed components within the first 4 Core Elements which gives the practitioner a deeper

understanding of their own development in each Core Element. The 13 states are as follows:

A breakdown of the Physical Element identifies the states of

1. Open松

2. Linked贯串

3. Light輕灵

A breakdown of the Mind Element identifies the states of

4. Settled定


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5. Quiet静

6. Peaceful安

A breakdown of the Breathing Element identifies the states of

7. Breathing with noise风

8. Breathing with panting喘

9. Chest breathing气

10. Natural lower abdominal breathing長气

A breakdown of the Qi Element identifies the states of

11. Qi Ready心息相依

12. Qi Surfacing得气

13. Qi using Intention以意领气

Table showing 6 Core Elements and 13 States:

6. MOMENTUM ELEMENT

5. STRENGTH ELEMENT

4. QI ELEMENT

11. Ready 12. Surface 13. Intention

3. BREATHING ELEMENT

7. Noise 8. Panting 9. Chest 10. Natural

2. MIND ELEMENT

4. Settled 5. Quiet 6. Peace

1. PHYSICAL ELEMENT

1. Open 2. Linked 3. Light


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The 3 system keys are 3 universal laws which cannot be violated for an art to be a true

Ancient Chinese Internal Art. The 3 system keys are as follows 1. Reality 2. Style 3. Variation.

1. Reality: The first key must act in accordance with reality and as such must not violate

the laws of physics, it must be in accordance with human biomechanics and must

follow the Chinese medicine practices as per the Yellow Emperor Chinese Classics.

2. Style: the second key is that the art is bound by its style e.g. there can be different

styles of a t-shirt; a polo t-shirt and a round neck t-shirt.

3. Variation: the third key is that there are variations within the style e.g. there can be

different sizes or colours of a polo t-shirt.

Diagram showing the 3 System Keys:

Each core Element is built on its preceding core element i.e the Physical Element must be

developed before the Mind Element, the Mind Element must be developed before the

Breathing Element, the Breathing Element must be developed before the Qi Element and so

on and so forth. This idea can be illustrated in a spiral model, the chart shows the

relationship between the first 4 Core Elements and 13 States.

Reality

VariationStyle


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The relationship between the first 4 Core Elements and the 13 States: The Body of the Art

In practice one would need to traverse these states in sequential order from 1 to 13 and as a

general rule of thumb one should aim to achieve a Physical Element which is Open, a Mind

Element which is Quiet and a Breathing Element which is Natural. Once Open, Quiet and

Natural can be achieved through traversing the first 10 states then one can attain the Qi

Element states which will naturally become Ready and can Surface. However, if the Qi

Element states by themselves are chased without the other Elements in place then

improper practice and unbalanced energy can result. The 6 core elements therefore act as a

preventative measure for such dangers and can be used as inner sensors to safely manageand maintain the 13 states.

1. Open

2. Linked

3. Light

4. Settled

5. Quiet

6. Peaceful

7. Noise8. Panting

9. Chest

10. Natural

11. Qi Ready

12. Qi Surface

13. Qi Intention

Physical

Mind

Breathing

Qi


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Chapter 1: Physical Element

The Physical Element is the first of the 6 Core Elements and is the foundational platform

that the other core elements are built. The body is the Physical Element, and in the 6 13 3

model it is the vehicle from which the other Elements can operate. Without proper

development of the foundation Element one cannot experience the other elements

integrated as one. At the first stage a state of Loose (Song) is obtained, to do this the first 3

states修证 must be experienced, and they are:

1. Open松 Relaxed body with no tension.

2. Link贯串 Loose body and joints.

3. Light輕灵 Moving with awareness, open, relaxed and linked body.

One should focus on knowing the body and being aware of the body, the exercises below

can be carried out which allows one to explore the state of Loose.

Assignment 1 Aware – Lie down, move the joints individually and observe.

Assignment 2 Open – Lay rest for 5 minutes and observe.

Assignment 3 Link – After laying rest for 5 minutes, slowly move the joints smoothly

and observe.

The above exercises focus on experiencing the state of Aware, Open and Link. Aware is

where all parts of the body including joints, sinew and tendons are monitored by your

awareness. Open is where the muscles and joints relax and unwrap themselves. Link is

where the body stays within the Open state and you begin to move the body in a slow,

gradual and loose way. Through regular practice being able to experience this state from

each part of the body without tension, one can attain an advanced Link state called Light

body state. In this state one is able to stand and move with Open joints and to be fully

aware. This procedure needs to be practiced regularly starting by lying down at first and

then progressing to a standing state.

Without obtaining the Open Linked and Light states in The Physical Element there is no base

to further develop the other Core Elements.


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Chapter 2: Mind Element

The Mind Element is the second of the 6 Core Elements and being in a state of Loose from

the Physical Element leads to being mentally Loose in the Mind Element, both are mutually

supporting.

The Mind Element is similar to a computer for a sports utility vehicle, unless we know how

to use the software program then we can never control the vehicle. There are 4 functions of

the Mind Element, they are:

Thinking思: The process of calculating

Intention意: The process of giving direction

Visualisation观: The process of forming a mental picture

Awareness知: Consciousness is in the present moment. No Thinking, no Intention

and no Visualisation.

One needs to be clear on the differences between each function and be able to utilize each

function to serve different needs and not be trapped by the Thinking function. The

Awareness function should be developed to acquire the next 3 states 境界 of the 13

States, these are called:

4. Settled定 Ability to know which thoughts to stop and settle down the mind

5. Quiet静State of mindfulness e.g. one can drive a car without paying attention

6. Peaceful安 Residing at a quiet state the mind becomes unfettered and at peace

To do this the exercise below can be carried out in order for the Mind Element to be

explored and the goal of the mind being in a more silent state attained:

Assignment 1 – Observe which of the 4 functions of the mind you are using during

the day: Thinking, Intention, Visualization, Awareness.

All of the 4 functions of the mind are supported by the Spirit (Shen), through the above

exercise one can come to understand that each function has an effect on the Shen which

means the body’s supporting energy is drained and weak. The exercise below allows one to

observe the Shen.

Assignment 2 – Observe the Shen energy during a 24 hour cycle. Observe what

affects the Shen and at what times of the day the Shen is strong and weak.

All Ancient Chinese Internal Arts need to be able to attain a quiet or silent state of mind, the

body can then become Loose, as body and mind are connected. In the Buddhist way, a

mantra can be recited along with the breathing to enter into the silent state. Once in this

state, one’s Shen can be refilled.


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The goal of the Mind Element is to achieve the Immovable Heart and stable mind, where the

mind is not influenced by external or internal influences.


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Chapter 3: Breathing Element

The Breathing Element is the third of the 6 Core Elements and builds on top of the previous

Physical and Mind Elements. Breathing is the bridge between the body and the mind and

can be very misunderstood. There is no shortage of breathing exercises, with many that

emphasise slow and long or holding the breath at intervals or rapid and forceful. However

without the proper identification types of breathing one cannot develop it in the proper

manner. There are 4 states of the 13 States within the Breathing Element, they are:

7. Breathing with sound风 Forced breathing which is audible.

8. Panting喘 Stagnated and forced breathing due to prolonged inhale/exhale.

9. Shallow chest breathing气 Common or normal everyday breathing.

10. Full body breathing長气 Natural Lower Abdominal effortless breathing.

The following exercises can be carried out in order to identify the 4 types of breathing:

Assignment 1 – Observe the breathing after high intensity exercise Jumping Jacks 5

mins / Running 5 mins.

Assignment 2 – Observe the breathing during SNT whilst doing the first section slow

and with prolonged inhale and exhale.

Assignment 3 – Observe the breathing whilst talking or listening to music or working

on the computer.

Assignment 4 – Observe the breathing whilst lying down and observe the Perineum

area.

Once the different types of breathing are identified then one can move towards the proper

type of full body breathing which is Natural Lower Abdominal Breathing. When the

breathing is noisy and coarse or it is forced due to prolonged exhale and inhale, the mind

and body will also be in a chaotic state and thus can cause stagnation in the body. If the

breathing is shallow and only with the chest then a lower breathing volume per minute is

the result. All Ancient Chinese Internal Arts use Natural Power Abdominal Breathing as

volume intake can be increased by 2 to 5 times, it also has a lower breathing frequency and

lower breaths per minute which is beneficial for martial arts, health and vitality.

The following guidelines should be used for proper breathing:

Avoid practice under physical or mental stress

Avoid practice in polluted air

Avoid inhaling through the mouth

Avoid rapid breathing or forced prolonged breathing

Avoid practice on an empty stomach


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The best practice standard for breathing for all Ancient Chinese Internal Arts must be fine,

even, soft and gradual never forced.

As mentioned before the 3 rules of thumb to attain this stage of the 6 13 3 model are Loose

in body, Quiet in mind and Natural in breathing which are all experienced and understood in

the first 3 of the 6 Core Elements. There is no end to the refinement of these states within

proper practice. At an advance level the state of non-breathing息 can be attained which

leads one to enter Samadhi (advanced Spiritual state).


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Chapter 4: Qi Element

The Qi Element is the fourth of the 6 Core Elements. Qi can be translated as Energy although

there are many different types of Qi in Ancient Chinese Internal Arts we can view Qi as bio-

chemical energy, bio-electrical energy, bio-thermal energy or the energy behind the various

technologies of the body.

There are 3 states境界 which are the last of the 13 states which can be identified, these

are:

11. Qi Ready state心息相依 In order for the Qi to flow smoothly a good handling of

the first 3 Core Elements must be developed for the Qi to become Ready.

12. Qi Surface state得气 The Qi will surface naturally when one has refined it

beyond the Qi Ready state. It needs no artificial manipulation when the Qi is fullsimilar to a charged battery.

13. Qi handling with intention以意领气 At an advanced stage, the Qi flow is handled

with intention and visualization. One can direct the Qi through a channel

naturally and smoothly in order to remove blockages, strengthen the body or

internal organs.

The Qi flows through channels or meridians in the body. There are 12 Primary Channels, 6

are Ying channels and 6 are Yang channels. They flow up and down the arms and legs fromthe head and chest as shown. To understand the direction of the flow of Qi one can practice

self massage on the Ying and Yang Channels shown in the diagram.


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Assignment 1: Practice self massage on the arms. Whilst exhaling, start at the chest

and massage down the inside of the arm downward to the fingers, these are the 3

Ying Channels. Then whilst inhaling massage up the outside of the arm upwards from

the fingers towards the head, these are the 3 Yang Channels.

Assignment 2: Practice self massage on the legs: Whilst exhaling, start on the inside

of the feet and massage up the inside of the leg up towards the chest, these are the

3 Ying Channels. Then whilst inhaling massage from the head down the outside of

the legs towards the feet, these are the 3 Yang Channels.

If one is not taught through a trained teacher then it is best not to touch Qi training in order

to avoid harm to one self. It is important to reiterate the importance of the first System Keyat this stage which maps out the boundary of Reality and all practice must not violate:

Laws of Physics物理

Laws of Biomechanics生物力學

Laws of Traditional Chinese Medicine as per the Yellow Emperor Classics黃帝內經

Sensations that are observed during the Qi training or Qi growing practice such as feeling

light weight, warm or other sensations should not be chased but only to remain loose, quiet,

and natural. Working with Qi is similar to working with medicine; one must know the

benefits and also the side effects and risks before one partakes of it. It is therefore safer to

follow the 6 13 3 direction of the Physical Element - Loose, Mind Element - Quiet and

Breathing Element – Natural in order to work with Qi handling.


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Chapter 5: Strength Element

The Strength Element is the fifth of the 6 Core Elements. The first 4 Core Elements: Physical,

Mind, Breathing, and Qi Elements, represent the Body (Ti) of the Art, and the next Core

Element, Strength Element, is the beginning of the last 2 Core Elements which represent the

Application (Yong) of the Art. The Body can be seen as a car and the Application the driving

techniques thus a good understanding of the practice of the first 4 Core Elements is needed

in order to apply the Art effectively.

Strength力(Li) is raw force and Force Flow劲流(Jin) is a lively use of Li which means Force

Flow is a time dependent resulting force vector which flows from one part of the body to

the other. One must understand the differences between Li and Jin and their uses .

Force Flow can be analogous to water flowing through a pipe, where the water is Force Flow

and the pipe is the Force Flow Path. Thus the handling of Force Flow depends on time,direction and the sequencing of joints in the body.

Power generation deals with power sources which have 2 types:

1. Borrowing the force from the opponent.

2. Self generating the force by oneself.

In the case of self-generated force, there are 2 types: one is brute force, e.g. using muscles

and tendons and the other is using gravity e.g. using your body weight. One may fuse both

of these basic power generations to suit the technique and application.

Assignment 1: Make a tight fist and observe.

Assignment 2: Lay down in a controlled fall due to gravity

In order to handle power efficiently, one must be aware of coupling between the contact

point and the ground. At an advanced level, the contact point can be anywhere on the body

and an impulse power generation can be produced using full body power and through

multiple Force Flow Paths.

Assignment 1: Coupling - Take a sponge and put it to the wall with the palm and play,

see how force can be transferred back and forth into the wall and palm.

Assignment 2: Take a sponge and place under the feet and play, observe how force

can be transferred to and from the ground and feet.

Development of the first 4 Elements, especially the Physical Element must be achieved for

an advanced handling of Force Flow. Thus the awareness and development of the body

joints, also known as the 7 bows, must be attained.


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Diagram showing the 7 Bows七弓

In examining force flow, the understanding between action force and reaction force is

important. When exerting a force at a contact point, there is a reaction force generated as

well. Understanding the difference and how they may be used, one can develop a higher

level of Force Flow handling.

Assignment 1: Observe action force and reaction force through palm and feet.

Experiencing Force Flow and being able to develop it is very difficult many times one may

find themselves reverting back to use of brute force or Body type Power, which can cause

joints to be locked and muscles to be tense. Without a loose body, the reaction force

cannot flow freely and can stagnate within the body or a break in the Force Flow Path can

occur which can result in internal damage or Qi stagnation.

Force Flow handling is therefore less common than Body type power handling. Body type

power is where one uses muscle strength to move the limbs of the body in order to strike

the target. For example if the body is the hammer and the target is the nail, then the body

limbs are used to crush the target in the same manner a hammer strikes a nail. Moving the

physical body takes more time, needs distance to accelerate and is slower whereas Jin or

Force Flow uses the force generated instantaneously and can inject Reaction Force阴劲


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using minimal or even zero movement. Body type power is usually telegraphed, has a

trajectory and only focuses on the Action Force阳劲, thus the Reaction Force is not used

and handling of strength is therefore less effective and highly dissipative.

Assignment 2: Make a fist and hammer fist the sponge lightly against the wall.

Assignment 3: Push a sponge against the wall and observe.

There exists linear and rotational types of Force Handling, for example pushing a car is linear

and loosening a nut with a spanner is rotational. Generally the rotational type is used for

close body force handling.

Assignment 4: push a sponge against a wall in a spiral and observe the Reaction

Force.

Advances practitioners in the Strength Element are able to handle both the body type ofpower and force Flow type of power at will. The legendary ‘inch power’ or Fa Jin is thus

dealing with Force Flow and is required to support a close range body art strategy.


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Chapter 6: Momentum Element

The Momentum Element is the last of the 6 Core Elements. All martial arts deal with

momentum play and momentum handling because any physical action will cause the body

to move which generates momentum.

When in motion the Centre of Gravity and the Centre of Gravity Axis (centreline) will

change. Thus, any type of motion, from walking in a straight line, to changing direction,

requires effort due to the change in momentum. For the body to adapt and readjust well,

training in all types of Momentum handling should be practiced so that one can obtain the

skills required to deal with the changing conditions. All of these conditions affect how the

body rebalances and readjusts itself during dynamic movement.

Assignment 1: Stand still and then walk forward

Assignment 2: Inertia - observe that whilst the body is already in motion the effortneeded to maintain motion

Assignment 3: Walk straight and suddenly turn 90 degrees

There are 2 types of momentum:

1. Simple momentum - A direct movement e.g. a straight punch or a straight kick.

2. Complex momentum - An indirect movement or setup e.g. a punch with a break in

the timing or a feint.

There are 5 ways of handling momentum:

1. Giving birth生 Use of one’s incoming momentum.

2. Subduing勊 A counter or a block with whole body e.g. a wall stops water.

3. Control制 Jam the opponents centre axis to destroy their momentum using their

own stability.

4. Dissolving化 Absorbing or neutralizing an attack, e.g. receiving a basket ball in both

hands.

5. Weight数 Using your own weight to crush a smaller opponent eg tsunami against a

wall. No need for techniques because power of weight can overcome this.

If your opponent is much heavier than you and they are running towards you they will have

a deeper penetration depth it would be ineffective to try to handle their incoming

momentum using a subduing type of handling. Instead, one could step away and would

therefore not need to deal with their momentum head on. A good use of momentum in

fighting is thought to be like a boulder rolling down a hill into the enemy.

Martial arts styles that use body type power are also know as Long Fist arts because they

require distance to generate power and thus have limited effectiveness in close quarter

combat. In contrast the close body short range arts seek to take advantage of Long Fist arts


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as they use close distance to disrupt the Centre of Gravity and take up operating space

required for Long Fist arts to function. Thus the 2 Styles of Martial arts can be categorized as

follows:

1. Long range style一力降十会 Keeping distance and pushing the opponent (usually

with arms length distance). The momentum depth is the penetration distance of the

momentum, if this distance is deep you need to move out of the way or step back

because you will not be able to handle the momentum.

2. Close body style以柔克刚 The purpose is to jam the opponent with your body

(hugging distance). At this distance you can no longer use body type strength

generation, you should use force flow strength.

Through understanding of the Strength Element including the differences between Force

Flow, Body Type, Long and Short fist, one must also understand the 5 main ways of handling

Entry Momentum. Each way deals with the forms of entering into the spatial distance of the

opponent, these are named as follows:

1. Faced square on - Direct entry侧

2. Faced square on - Side entry侧

3. Faced 90 degrees - Step out and return entry胯

4. Faced 180 degrees – turn around and return entry囘

5. Faced 180 degrees – turn the back all around entry迥旋

The footwork required to support these must also be mastered in order to have complete

skill in handing Entry Momentum.


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Balanced Living

Today many art forms are losing their heritage and many can be seen emphasising the

application of the art only rather than the body of the art due to various reasons. A

balanced art has both the body and an application, both of them have to be developed in

order to know the art. The process of development is known as Gong Fa which is passed

down in order to develop the Gong Fu and a balanced art should start with Physical Element

and move through the Physical Element to Momentum Element in that sequence.

The Qi Element needs advanced development of the first 3 Core Elements with these 3

developed the Qi can be sensed and checked to see if the Energy Flow is smooth or if it is

stagnated at a certain point in the body.

In development, there is Training and Growing.

Training can be thought of as making sure the wires in a system are fully connected

with all resistances and obstructions removed.

Growing can be thought of as charging a battery.

Training the body can be done by Loosening the joints, Settling the mind and reaching the

Natural breathing state. Once this is done, the battery needs to be charged, either in

standing position or laying down position to allow the growth of Qi.

Your diet is very important along with your mood or frame of mind. Anger, sexual activity

and stress can drain your energy. Therefore Training without Growing is like pulling thefilament in an oil lamp instead of refilling the oil or not recharging/replacing a battery in an

electrical appliance.

According to the Ancient Concepts of balanced living there are some guidelines that one can

follow to live a balanced lifestyle:

Avoid extreme temperatures and avoid windy areas, if wind enters the body it can

cause problems with internal organs, wear proper clothing to prevent this.

When you wake up in the morning do not do any sudden movements as this can

shock the body systems. Instead always move slowly and gradually straight after

waking.

Eat more vegetables than meat and only eat to about 70% full instead of very full all

the time.

Do not drink cold drinks during eating your meals, it can cause the food to become

heavy and dense. Generally cold foods use up more energy in order to process and

digest properly. Only practice training of internal arts one hour before or after meals.

If it is not possible to sleep at night, it is advised to sit up and recite a mantra to

settle the mind in a quiet state. It is better to sleep at 10pm and wake up at 4am


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instead of going to sleep at 1am and waking up at 8 am. The body has a cycle that

needs to be observed.

These guidelines have been tested over time and are important in leading a balanced life,

and developing a balanced art. In addition to these guidelines there are 5 Precepts of

Buddhist Martial Art tradition which exists in the ancient writings of Shaolin and Emei 12

Zhuang which are moral codes of conduct. The 5 precepts below should not be violated:

1. Not Killing

2. Not Stealing

3. Not engaging in sexual misconduct

4. Not lying

5. Not consuming intoxicants


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Conclusion

In today’s world it is difficult to practice Internal Arts due to their internal and mystical

nature. Many elements may not be detectable without proper guidance and consequently

the essential details may remain hidden and unseen. Therefore, much needed in today’s

world are true guides that can shed light on such darkened pathways of the Internal Arts

and can help us through the arduous journey of Ancient Chinese Internal Arts practice.

We can see that the 6 13 3 model is such a guide, it represents the common denominator

for all Ancient Chinese Internal Arts and can be used as a comprehensive and systematic

tool in order to obtain a macro level view on the bigger picture and also a micro level view

on the finer details and thus bring those Ancient Concepts into today’s practice and science.

The 6 13 3 model works to prepare and maintain a strong core foundation from which one

can progress and grow in a natural way. Through direct use of the tool on a regular basis

one is able to install 6 sensors within the body and mind which allows one to experience the

Ancient Concepts step-by-step.

With further advancement in the 6 13 3 tool, one can detect areas of practice where one

may lack development or may need further improvement or growth, thus it also serves to

identify one’s own faults and deficiencies as well as help to correct them. Without full

direction over ones development, progression in the Internal Arts will always remain

incomplete. Due to the lack of tools available to correctly assess one’s ability in the Internal

Arts one can be open to misinterpretation and misunderstanding which can then lead to

improper practice resulting in an unbalanced mind and body. Thus the 6 13 3 tool serves asa potent yardstick for gauging one’s Kung Fu development and also guiding ones practice in

the right direction.

The 6 13 3 is therefore an excellent method which not only shines light on the path but is

the path on which to tread in order to directly experience the Ancient Concepts of the

Ancient Chinese Internal Arts.


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Physical• LOOSE

Mind• QUIET

Breathing

•NATURAL

6 13 3 Model

REALITY•Laws of Physics

•Biomechanics

•Yellow Emperor Classic

VARIATIONSTYLE

MOMENTUM ELEMENT

Giving Birth Subdue Control Dissolve Weight

STRENGTH ELEMENT

Li Force Flow

QI ELEMENT

Ready Surface Intention

BREATHING ELEMENT

Noise Panting Chest Natural

MIND ELEMENT

Settled Quiet Peace

PHYSICAL ELEMENT

Open Linked Light

B

O

D

Y

A

P

P

L

I

C

A

T

basic art and science of ancient wing chun

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