based on online totorials and presentations uml u nified m odeling l anguage hoang huu hanh (phd),...

based on online totorials and presentations UML U NIFIED M ODELING L ANGUAGE Hoang Huu Hanh (PhD), Hue University hanh-at-hueuni.edu.vn

nh ngh a Nhng nm u ca thp k 90 c rt nhiu phng php phn tch, thit k h thng hng i tng v cng vi chng l cc k hiu ring cho tng phng php Thi k ny cn c bit n vi tn gi l cuc chin gia cc phng php Khong u nm 94, Booch ci tin phng php ca mnh trong c ng dng nhng u im ca cc phng php ca Rumbaugh v Jacobson Cc phng php bt u hp nht, nhng cc k hiu s dng cc phng php vn cn nhiu im khc bit UML - mt ngn ng m hnh ha hp nht tr thnh mt quy trnh chun ca t chc OMG (Object Management Group) 2Introduction to UML

UML History 3Introduction to UML

UML l g? N l mt ngn ng m hnh ha, khng phi l mt phng php Mt phng php thng thng bao gm mt tp cc quy tc, mt ngn ng m hnh ha v mt quy trnh m t nhng cng vic cn lm Mt ngn ng m hnh ha bao gm cc k hiu v cc cch thc s dng cho vic thit k Quy trnh l nhng s hng dn cc bc trong qu trnh thit k Ngn ng m hnh ha l thnh phn quan trng nht trong mt phng php, l yu t kt ni gia cc thnh phn 4Introduction to UML

T i sao l i s d ng UML? Gip cho vic phn tch v thit k L cng c giao tip (Communication) S dng cc u im ca OO Ti liu ha (Documentation) Nh c cp trong The Unified Modeling Language User Guide; Ngn ng UML dng : Trc quan ha (Visualizing) c t (Specifying) Xy dng (Constructing) Cung cp ti liu (Documenting) 5Introduction to UML

Tr c quan ha (Visualizing) Hiu v gii quyt cc vn d dng hn Khi tr thnh mt chun trong vic lp m hnh, mi k hiu mang mt ngha r rng v duy nht=> mt nh pht trin c th c c m hnh xy dng bng UML do mt ngi khc vit. Mt m hnh r rng, sng sa lm tng kh nng giao tip, trao i gia cc nh pht trin 6Introduction to UML

c t (Specifying) Xy dng cc m hnh mt cc t m, r rng, y cc mc chi tit khc nhau Tt c cc cng on t phn tch, thit k cho n trin khai u c cc biu UML biu din. 7Introduction to UML

Ki n t o(Constructing) UML l mt ngn ng chun vi tp quy tc v c php ring. Chng ta c th xy dng cc cng c chuyn i cc m hnh Cc m hnh ca UML c th kt ni vi nhiu ngn ng lp trnh. Tc l c th nh x cc m hnh UML v mt ngn ng lp trnh nh C++, Java... Vic chuyn cc m hnh trong UML thnh Code trong ngn ng lp trnh Forward engineering (Ex: Rational Rose) 8Introduction to UML

T o l p ti li u (Documenting) Gip xy dng ti liu c t - requirements Ti liu kin trc (architecture) Ti liu thit k Source code Ti liu kim th - Test Ti liu mu - Prototype Ti liu trin khai Deployment 9Introduction to UML

Cch s d ng (Usages) nh ngha cc gii hn ca h thng v cc chc nng chnh ca n Trng hp s dng (Use cases) v cc tc nhn (actor) Minh ha cc UC Biu tng tc (interaction diagram) nh ngha cu trc tnh ca h thng Biu lp (class diagrams ) M hnh ha cc hnh vi ca i tng Biu chuyn trng thi (state transition diagrams) M t kin trc vt l(phn cng v phn mm) ca h thng Biu thnh phn v biu trin khai (component & deployment diagrams) M rng Cc khun mu (stereotypes) 10Introduction to UML

C b n v UML M hnh v cc hng nhn (Views) Cc biu chnh Cc thnh phn c bn 11Introduction to UML

12Introduction to UML

M hnh v h ng nhn Hng nhn ch ra nhng kha cnh khc nhau ca h thng cn phi c m hnh ha Mt hng nhn khng phi l mt bn v, m l mt s tru tng ha bao gm mt lot cc biu khc nhau Ch qua vic nh ngha ca mt lot cc hng nhn khc nhau, mi hng nhn ch ra mt kha cnh ring bit ca h thng, ngi ta mi c th to dng nn mt bc tranh hon thin v h thng. 13Introduction to UML

Core Elements 14Introduction to UML

Core Elements (contd) An extension mechanism useful for specifying structural elements. 15Introduction to UML

Cc thnh ph n c b n L cc thnh phn c s dng trong cc biu Mt phn t m hnh thng c s dng trong nhiu biu khc nhau, nhng n lun lun c ch mt ngha v mt k hiu.. 16Introduction to UML

Bi u Cc biu gp phn chi tit ha h thng Mi biu l s kt hp ca cc thnh phn c bn Da v cc biu , cc nh pht trin c th giao tip vi nhau v gii quyt cc vn phc tp ca h thng Biu lp l loi biu thng dng nht, dng m t mi quan h gia cc lp, gip cho nh pht trin c th hiu cu trc lp ca h thng 17Introduction to UML

H ng nhn (View) M hnh ha mt h thng phc tp l mt vic lm kh khn Khi xem xt mt h thng, chng ta cn xy dng cc m hnh t nhng kha cnh khc nhau, xut pht t thc t l nhng ngi lm vic vi h thng vi nhng vai tr khc nhau s nhn h thng t nhng kha cnh khc nhau V vy mt h thng thng c miu t trong mt lot cc hng nhn khc nhau Mi hng nhn s th hin mt bc nh nh x ca ton b h thng v ch ra mt kha cnh ring ca h thng. Mi mt hng nhn c miu t trong mt lot cc biu , cha ng cc thng tin nu bt kha cnh c bit ca h thng. 18Introduction to UML

H ng nhn (View) UML c tt c cc hng nhn sau: Hng nhn UC Hng nhn thit k (Design) Hng nhn trin khai (Development) Hng nhn tin trnh (Process) Hng nhn vt l (Physical) Cc hng nhn phi ph hp vi nhau v cng m t v mt h thng C th c s dng kim tra tnh hp l gia cc hng 19Introduction to UML

H ng nhn Use Case M t ng x ca h thng theo cch nhn nhn ca ngi dng, ngi phn tch h thng. Cc thut ng s dng trong hng nhn mang ngha r rng v mt lnh vc no ngi dng c th kim tra xem cc yu cu ca mnh c p ng y hay cha hoc c chc nng no ca h thng l khng cn thit. c miu t qua cc biu Use case (use case diagram) v thnh thong cng bao gm c cc biu hot ng (activity diagram).. Hng nhn Use case mang tnh trung tm, bi n t ra ni dung thc y s pht trin cc hng nhn khc 20Introduction to UML

H ng nhn thi t k (Design View) Hng nhn thit miu t phng thc m cc chc nng ca h thng s c cung cp Ch yu n c s dng cho cc nh thit k v nh pht trin. Biu thng c s dng l biu lp v biu tng tc 21Introduction to UML

H ng nhn tri n khai (Development View) L mt li miu t ca vic thc thi cc modul cng nh s ph thuc gia chng vi nhau N thng c s dng cho nh pht trin v thng bao gm nhiu biu thnh phn Hng nhn ny mang tnh ty chn 22Introduction to UML

H ng nhn ti n trnh (Process View) Chia h thng thnh cc tin trnh(process) v lung(thread), m t vic ng b ha v cc x l ng thi. Cc tin trnh v lung thng c xc nh da vo biu lp thng qua cc lp ng (active class) Bn cnh vic chia h thng thnh cc tiu trnh c th c thc thi song song, hng nhn ny cng phi quan tm n vn giao tip v ng b ha cc tiu trnh Bao gm cc biu ng (trng thi, trnh t, tng tc v hot ng) cng cc biu thc thi (biu thnh phn v biu trin khai) 23Introduction to UML

H ng nhn v t l (Physical View) Ch cho chng ta s trin khai v mt vt l ca h thng Hng nhn trin khai ginh cho cc nh pht trin, ngi tch hp cng nh ngi th nghim h thng v c th hin bng cc biu trin khai nh x cc thnh phn ca h thng vo cu trc vt l 24Introduction to UML

H ng nhn Danh sch cc hng nhn l khng gii hn Ph thuc vo cch nhn nhn h thng, ta c th to ra mt hng nhn mi V d: hng nhn v Security 25Introduction to UML

Cc ph n t m hnh Phn t cu trc (Structural elements) class, interface, collaboration, use case, active class, component, node Phn t hnh vi(Behavioral elements) interaction, state machine Nhm (grouping elements) package, subsystem Cc thnh phn khc note 26Introduction to UML

Cc lo i bi u Biu Use Case M t cc yu cu Biu hot ng (Activity Diagrams) N ch ra cc bc thc hin, cc hnh ng, cc nt quyt nh v iu kin r nhnh iu khin lung thc hin ca h thng Biu tng tc (Interaction Diagrams) Biu cng tc (tp trung vo i tng) Collaboration Diagrams Biu tun t (mang yu t thi gian) Sequence Diagrams Biu cu trc tnh (Static Structure Diagrams) Objects/Classes/Packages Biu trng thi M t trng thi ca i tng ng vi tng thi im trong vng i ca n Biu thc thi (Implementation Diagrams) Biu thnh phn (Component Diagrams) Biu trin khai( Deployment Diagrams) 27Introduction to UML

Bi u Cc biu kt ni li vi nhau to nn mt ci nhn tng qut v h thng Mi biu m t mt kha cnh khc nhau ca h thng. C th chia thnh hai loi: biu hnh v v biu cu Biu UC, tun t v biu lp thng c s dng nht 28Introduction to UML

Bi u hnh vi Biu hnh vi a ra mt cch nhn ng v h thng. N thng c s dng c t s cng tc gia cc thnh phn nhm p ng li cc yu cu v hnh vi ca h thng C th chia ra 5 loi biu : Use case Hot ng Trng thi Tun t Cng tc Biu UC, tun t, cng tc hay c s dng Biu hot ng, trng thi thng c s dng m t cc yu cu c bn Biu hot ng m t mt cch trc quan cc hnh vi c ly ra t cc UC Biu trng thi nhm minh ha cc giao tc hnh vi (transition) phc tp trong cc lp n 29Introduction to UML

Cc ki u quan h 30Introduction to UML

Cc ki u quan h 31Introduction to UML

Cc ki u quan h Quan h ni kt (association): l mt kt ni trc tip hai chiu gia cc lp Mt quan h ni kt l mt ng thng ni cc lp c quan h vi nhau Quan h kt tp (aggregation): l mt dng ca ni kt, trong mt phn t ny cha mt phn t khc Mt quan h kt tp l mt ng thng ni cc lp c quan h vi nhau vi mt u mang k hiu hnh thoi lp tng Quan h ph thuc (dependency): l mt s lin quan ng ngha gia hai phn t m hnh, mt mang tnh c lp v mt mang tnh ph thuc Mi s thay i trong phn t c lp s nh hng n phn t ph thuc Quan h ph thuc c th hin bng ng thng gch ri (dashed line) vi mi tn (v c th thm mt nhn) gia cc phn t m hnh 32Introduction to UML

B i s quan h 1 mt v ch mt 4 4 v ch 4 0..1 0 hoc 1 5..10 min=5, max=10 0..* - zero or more 4..* - four or more 33Introduction to UML

Tm ki m m i quan h Cc mi quan h c pht hin thng qua biu tng tc Nu hai i tng ni chuyn vi nhau th phi c mt cch thc giao tip gia chng 34 Registration Manager Math 101: Course 3: add student(joe) RegistrationManager Course Introduction to UML

M i quan h 35 RegistrationForm RegistrationManager Course Student CourseOffering Professor addStudent(Course, StudentInfo) name numberCredits open() addStudent(StudentInfo) name major location open() addStudent(StudentInfo) name tenureStatus ScheduleAlgorithm Introduction to UML

Quan h n i k t Introduction to UML36

Cc u lin k t Introduction to UML37

N i k t tam nguyn Introduction to UML38

Quan h h p thnh (Composition) Introduction to UML39

Quan h h p thnh (Composition) Introduction to UML40

Quan h khi qut ha (Generalization) Introduction to UML41

Quan h khi qut ha Introduction to UML42

Quan h ph thu c (Dependencies) Introduction to UML43

Quan h ph thu c Introduction to UML44

Derived Attributes and Associations Introduction to UML45

N i k t (Links) Introduction to UML46

Cc rng bu c v l i ch thch Introduction to UML47

Tc nhn (Actors) Mt tc nhn l mt ngi hoc mt vt no tng tc vi h thng, s dng h thng External Forces Tng tc gia ngi (Human interaction) Cc h thng t ng (Automated System) 48 Keyboard Operator User Driver Traffic Control System > Introduction to UML

Use Cases Mt UC l mt m t v mt hnh vi ca h thng L mt chui cc giao tc (transaction) c quan h vi nhau c thc hin bi mt tc nhn trong h thng Chi tit nhng g h thng cn cung cp cho tc nhn khi mt UC c thc thi A flow of events document is created for each use case Xut pht t quan im ca tc nhn Cc tc nhn s c phng vn xc nh cch thc m h tng tc vi h thng Phn tch cc hnh vi n mc chi tit nht Cc ni dung ch yu: Mt UC bt u v kt thc nh th no?How the use case starts and ends Cc dng s kin thng thng (Normal flow of events) Cc dng s kin ty chn (Alternate flow of events) Cc dng s kin ngoi l (Exceptional flow of events) 49Introduction to UML

Bi u Use case Biu d Use case tp trung vo cc quy trnh nghip v m ng dng cn phi thc thi Biu UC cho php chng ta cu trc ha cc ton b ng dng xoay quanh quy trnh cn phi thc thi Ch ra tp cc tc nhn v UC v mi quan h gia chng Biu UC gp phn lm hiu qu vic m hnh ha 50Introduction to UML

Bi u Use case Nm bt cc chc nng ca h thng theo cch nhn bi ngi s dng Built in early stages of development Mc ch Xc nh r cc ng cnh ca h thng Nm bt cc yu cu ca h thng Xc nh tnh hp l kin trc h thng Hng dn thc thi v kim tra tnh y chc nng c xy dng bi cc nh phn tch v cc chuyn gia 51Introduction to UML

Bi u Use case Biu Use case nhm trc quan ha cc mi quan h gia tc nhn v Use case 52 Passager Mechanic Driver Lost Luggage Ramp Maintenance Pay toll Customer Service Agent Introduction to UML

Bi u Use case Nm bt cc yu cu ca h thng theo cch nhn ca ngi s dng 53Introduction to UML

Bi u c ng tc L mt dng ca biu tng tc m t cch thc t chc cc i tng gi v nhn cc thng ip Xt v mt ng ngha gn ging nh biu trnh t Khc vi biu trnh t l y tp trung vo ng cnh v khng gian thc hin cng vic 54Introduction to UML

Bi u c ng tc Biu cng tc m t cch t chc cc tng tc ca i tng v s kt ni ca chng vi i tng khc 55 : Registrar course form : CourseForm theManager : CurriculumManager aCourse : Course 1: set course info 2: process 3: add course 4: new course Introduction to UML

Bi u trnh t Tng ng vi biu cng tc. M t trt t thi gian ca cc thng ip c gi gia cc i tng c s dng trong hu ht cc quy trnh pht trin phn mm 56Introduction to UML

Bi u trnh t M t s tng tc gia cc i tng theo mt trt t thi gian 57 Passenger Counter Agent Ticket Gate Agent 1: Give Info 3: Answer 4: Print 6:Present 7: Board 9: Return 8: Overbook 2: Questions Plane 5: Safeguard Introduction to UML

Tr ng thi c a i t ng Biu trng thi m t: Qu trnh sng ca mt lp Cc s kin no gy ra s thay i t trng thi ny n trng thi khc Cc hnh ng l kt qu ca s thay i trng thi Biu dch chuyn trng thi c to cho cc i tng c hnh vi khng c nh 58Introduction to UML

Bi u d ch chuy n tr ng thi M t cc trng thi bn trong lin quan n cc hnh vi ca i tng Vic dch chuyn gia cc trng thi gip cho vic xc nh, xc thc cc hnh vi phc tp Mi lp c t nht mt biu trng thi 59Introduction to UML

Bi u d ch chuy n tr ng thi 60 Initialization Open entry: Register student exit: Increment count ClosedCanceled do: Initialize course do: Finalize course do: Notify registered students Add Student / Set count = 0 Add student[ count < 10 ] [ count = 10 ] Cancel Introduction to UML

Bi u ho t ng M hnh ha cc dng hot ng gia cc quy trnh Rt hu ch trong vic chi tit ha cc hnh vi ca UC Biu hot ng khng ch ra s cng tc gia cc i tng 61Introduction to UML

Bi u c u trc Cc loi biu dng ny thng tp trung phn tch vo kha cnh tnh ca h thng Biu lp l loi biu thng c s dng Khi chuyn sng phn tch thit k bng UML, hu ht cc t chc c xu hng s dng biu lp trc tin v: Gip cho vic giao tip gia cc nh pht trin thun li v d dng L cng c gii quyt cc vn ny sinh Biu lp thng c hai dng Dng th nht thng c s dng, bao gm cc lp i tng cu to nn h thng v cu trc ca n Dng th hai t c s dng nhng c tm quan trng khng km, c bit rt hu ch trong vic pht trin h thng t mc cao Biu gi (package diagram), mt dng ca biu lp, thng c m t di dng cc gi ca ngn ng Java v mi quan h gia chng 62Introduction to UML

Bi u l p M t tp cc lp, gi v mi quan h gia chng theo mt hng nhn c th v h thng Thng c s dng trong vic m hnh ha h thng 63Introduction to UML

Class Diagrams Biu lp a ra cc lp tn ti v mi quan h gia chng theo hng nhn logic v h thng Cc phn t m hnh ha UML trong biu lp Lp, cu trc lp v hnh vi Cc quan h ni kt, kt tp, ph thuc, k tha Ch s quan h v hng ca quan h Cc quy tc t tn Thuc tnh Thuc tnh cho bit cu trc ca lp Thuc tnh c th c xc nh thng qua nhg ngha lp, cc yu cu v cc tri thc v lnh vc phn tch Phng thc Hnh vi ca lp c th hin thng qua cc phng thc Cc phng thc c th xc nh thng qua s tng tc gia cc biu 64Introduction to UML

Class Diagram Xc nh cc t vng ca h thng 65Introduction to UML

Bi u i t ng Cung cp mt bc tranh thc t v h thng nhm m t cc mi quan h tnh gia cc i tng Mt biu i tng v vy l mt v d ca biu lp, ch ra mt bc tranh thc t c th xy ra khi h thng thc thi: bc tranh m h thng c th c ti mt thi im no . Rt hu ch trong vic b sung cc th hin ca cc mi quan gia cc i tng, gp phn kim tra tnh ng n ca biu lp Khng c s dng nhiu 66Introduction to UML

M i quan h Mi quan h cho bit cch thc giao tip gia cc i tng Biu tun t hay cng tc c s dng xc nh cc lin kt gia cc i tng thc hin hnh vi ca chng Nu hai i tng mun ni chuyn vi nhau th tn ti mt lin kt gia chng C 3 kiu quan h: Ni kt Kt tp Ph thuc 67Introduction to UML

B s quan h v h ng quan h B s quan h nh ngha s lng i tng tham gia vo quan h Cho bit s lng th hin ca mt lp quan h vi mt th hin ca lp khc Vi mi quan h ni kt hay kt tp, c hai dng b s quan h cn phi xc: one for each end of the relationship Mc d cc quan h ni kt v kt tp l cc quan h hai chiu nhng chng thng c gii hn li thnh quan h mt chiu Khi hng quan h c xc nh, u mi tn s c thm vo nhm thng bo chiu ca quan h 68Introduction to UML

B i s quan h v h ng quan h 69 RegistrationForm RegistrationManager Course Student CourseOffering Professor addStudent(Course, StudentInfo) name numberCredits open() addStudent(StudentInfo) major location open() addStudent(StudentInfo) tenureStatus ScheduleAlgorithm 1 0..* 1 1 1..* 4 3..10 0..4 1 Introduction to UML

K th a Quan h k tha l quan h gia lp cha v cc lp con ca n C hai phng xc nh mi quan h k tha: Khi qut ha Chuyn bit ha Vi cc thuc tnh, phng thc hay cc mi quan h tn ti chung thng c t mc cao nht ca cy phn cp 70Introduction to UML

K th a 71 RegistrationForm RegistrationManager Course Student CourseOffering Professor addStudent(Course, StudentInfo) name numberCredits open() addStudent(StudentInfo) major location open() addStudent(StudentInfo) tenureStatus ScheduleAlgorithm name RegistrationUser Introduction to UML

Cc y u t v t l Biu thnh phn ch ra cu trc v s ph thuc gia cc phn ca phn mm Mt thnh phn c th l: Thnh phn m ngun Thnh phn m nh phn Thnh phn thc thi 72Introduction to UML

Bi u thnh ph n Nhn mnh cc mi quan h tnh gia cc thnh phn phn mm thc thi c th l cc loi file.exe,.dll,.ocx, jar files, hay l Enterprise JavaBeans. C th c s dng ch ra cc phn mm bn trong ng dng Cc thnh phn khng phi l cc lp 73Introduction to UML

Bi u thnh ph n M t cu trc vt l ca qu trnh thc thi 74Introduction to UML

Tri n khai h th ng Biu trin khai ch ra cu hnh cc phn t x l lc chng trnh chy, cc nt trn mng v cc tin trnh phn mm thc hin trn nhng phn t N ch ra mi quan h gia cc phn cng v phn mm ca h thng Trc quan ha cc thnh phn ring bit ca ng dng 75Introduction to UML

Bi u tri n khai M t mi quan h ca h thng phn cng 76Introduction to UML

Bi u tr n khai M t cu trc vt l ca h thng Biu trin khai ch ra ton b cc nt trn mng, kt ni gia chng v cc tin trnh chy trn chng Rt hu ch i vi cc h thng c mi trng cu hnh phc tp i vi cc ng dng trin khai trn nhiu server v vng lnh th, vic s dng biu trn khai l cn thit 77Introduction to UML

M r ng UML Khung mu (Stereotype) Gi tr nh km (Tagged value) Hn ch (Constraint) 78Introduction to UML

M r ng UML Khun mu c th c s dng m rng cc phn t k hiu ca UML Phn loi cc quan h m rng nh ni kt, k tha, lp v thnh phn V d: Cc khun mu lp: bin, iu khin, thc th, tin ch, ngoi l Khun mu k tha: s dng(uses) v m rng(extends) Khun mu thnh phn: h thng con 79Introduction to UML

Q & A time to ask questions 80Introduction to UML

Thank you! take a break 81Introduction to UML

based on online totorials and presentations uml u nified m odeling l anguage hoang huu hanh (phd),...

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